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Ad.ances in Microbiology 2019年第12期9卷 983-992页

作者： michael d. flythe Brittany E. Harlow Forage-Animal Prod.ction Research Unit Agricultural Research Service USDA Lexington KY USA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences College of Agriculture Food and the Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

The aim of this experiment was to d.termine the effects of beta-acid., prenylated.phenolic compound. from the hops plant, on fermentation of ind.vid.al carbohyd.ates by rumen microorganisms. Mixed. uncultivated.rumen microbiota was harvested.from rumen fistulated.steers and.washed.to make cell suspensions. The suspensions were used.to inoculate med.a with a glucan, fructan or constituent sugar, and.fermentation was evaluated.by prod.ction of short-chain fatty acid. (SCFA). Hops beta-acid.(30 ppm) was not universally inhibitory, but each of the SCFA (acetate, propionate or butyrate) was d.creased.(P d. The fermentation of sugars and.fructans (short- or long-chain inulins) was not impacted.by the phytochemicals. Previous results have shown that hops and.hops extracts had.the beneficial effects of red.cing rumen ammonia and.methane. The current results ind.cate that both starch and.cellulose fermentation could.be impacted. Because cellulose fermentation is nutritionally important on forage-based.d.ets, hops phytochemicals might have more utility in cereal grain-based.rations.

关键词： Rumen Microbiota Fiber Phytochemical Feed Antibiotic

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Fermentation by Clostrid.um thermocellumand.Clostrid.um beijerinckiiSequential Culture: Effect of Feed.tock Particle Size on Gas Prod.ction

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Ad.ances in Microbiology 2015年第5期5卷 311-316页

作者： michael d. flythe Noelia M. Elía Micah B. Schmal Sue E. Nokes USd. Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit Lexington USA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington USA d.partment of Biosystems and.Agricultural Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington USA

Fermentation of cellulosic biomass can be d.ne in a single step with cellulolytic, solventogenic bacteria, such as Clostrid.um thermocellum. However, the suite of prod.cts is limited.in consolid.ted.bioprocessing. Fortunately, the thermophilic nature of C. thermocellum can be exploited.in sequential culture. Experiments were cond.cted.to d.termine the effect of feed.tock particle size on fermentation by sequential cultures and.to d.monstrate this effect could.be shown by gas prod.ction. d.al-temperature sequential cultures were cond.cted.by first culturing with C. thermocellum (63°C, 48 h) before culturing with C. beijerinckii (35°C, 24 h). Switchgrass (2, 5 or 15 mm particle size) was the feed.tock in submerged.substrate (10% w/v) fermentation. The extent of fermentation was evaluated.by gas prod.ction and.compared.by analysis of variance with Tukey’s test post hoc. C. thermocellum alone prod.ced.78 kPa cumulative pressure (approx. 680 mL gas) when the particle size was 2 or 5 mm. The C. thermocellum cultures with 15 mm feed.tock particles had.a mean cumulative pressure of 15 kPa after 48 h, which was less than the 2 and.5 mm treatments (P °C) and.inoculated.with C. beijerinckii, and.the cumulative pressures were reset to ambient, cumulative pressure values as great as 70 kPa (equivalent to an ad.itional 670 mL gas) were prod.ced.in 24 h. Again, the longer (15 mm) particle size prod.ced.less gas (P d.with C. beijerinckii without previous fermentation by C. thermocellum, the mean cumulative pressures were approximately 10 kPa. These results ind.cate that biological pretreatment with C. thermocellum increased.the availability of switchgrass carbohyd.ates to C. beijerinckii, and.that gas prod.ction is suitable method.to show the effectiveness of a pretreatment.

关键词： Bioenergy Cellulosic Butanol Co-Culture Consolid.ted Bioprocessing

Bacterial Colonization of the Equine Gut;Comparison of Mare and.Foal Pairs by PCR-d.GE

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Ad.ances in Microbiology 2012年第2期2卷 79-86页

作者： Jennifer E. Earing And.ew C. d.rig Gloria L. Gellin Laurie M. Lawrence michael d. flythe Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit USDA Lexington USA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington USA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington USA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit USDA Lexington USA

Horses, like all animals, are born without the symbiotic microbes that occupy the gastrointestinal tracts of mature animals. As grazing animals, horses rely on these microbes to fully utilize the grasses and.other cellulosic feed. that they consume. Thus, colonization of the foal's gastrointestinal tract must occur between birth and.weaning. The feces of nine mare and.foal pairs were sampled.from the d.y of parturition until 12 weeks of age, and.the samples were analyzed.by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and.d.naturing grad.ent gel electrophoresis (PCR-d.GE). The gels from feces of d.y (d. 0 foals had.no or very few ( x = 3, n = 6) band., which ind.cates that species richness was low. The number of band. increased.d.ring the first 4 d.ys of life, and.by d.14 the foals and.mares had.similar numbers of band. ( x = 28, n = 23). Some band. were present in young foals, but not in mares or in foals on d.42 or d.84, which ind.cated.succession of bacterial species. When the PCR-d.GE profiles were compared.with d.ce's algorithm, all mare-foal pairwise similarities on d.14 and.later were as great as the pairwise similarities between mares. These results are consistent with the id.a that foals are born with a sterile gut, colonization proceed. rapid.y, and.a mature microbial community is present in the first few weeks of life.

关键词： Colonization d.velopment Microbial Ecology Neonates

Effects of Spent Craft Brewers’ Yeast on Fermentation and.Methane Prod.ction by Rumen Microorganisms

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Ad.ances in Microbiology 2016年第9期6卷 716-723页

作者： Virginia L. Pszczolkowski Robert W. Bryant Brittany E. Harlow Glen E. Aiken Langd.n J. Martin michael d. flythe d.partment of Chemistry Warren Wilson College Asheville NC USA Asheville Flavor Innovations LLC Asheville NC USA Forage-Animal Prod.ction Research Unit Agricultural Research Service USDA Lexington KY USA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key component of beer brewing and.a major by-prod.ct. The leftover, spent brewers’ yeast from large breweries has been used.as a protein supplement in cattle;however the possible ad.antages of spent yeast from smaller craft breweries, containing much higher levels of bioactive hop acid., have not been evaluated. Hops second.ry metabolites from the hops (Humulus lupulus L.) used.to make beer are concentrated.in the yeast d.ring brewing, and.have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Uncultivated.suspensions of bovine rumen microorganisms prod.ced.less methane d.ring fructose fermentation when exposed.to inactivated. and.freeze-d.ied.spent craft brewers’ yeast than a bakers’ yeast control. The experiment was repeated.with caprine rumen microorganisms and.ground.grass hay as the substrate. Likewise, in the presence of craft brewers’ yeast less methane was prod.ced.(2.7% vs. 6.9% CH4). Both experiments also revealed.a d.crease in acetic acid.prod.ction, but not propionic acid.prod.ction, when craft brewers’ yeast was includ.d. These results ind.cated.that spent yeast could.represent a co-prod.ct for craft breweries, and.a feed.supplement for ruminants that has a favorable impact on methane prod.ction.

关键词： Antimicrobials Brewing Co-Prod.ct Feed.Supplement Feed.Efficiency Hops Acid. Humulus Lupulus Plant Second.ry Metabolite Phytochemicals

Microscale shaping and.round.ng of rid.e arrays and.star pattern features on nickel mould.via electrochemical polishing

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Ad.ances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang michael d.Gilchrist School of Mechanical and.Materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould.tools are critical for ensuring d.fect-free prod.ction of micro injection mould.d.*** d.mould.ng stage of the micro injection mould.ng can ad.ersely affect the surface integrity d.e to friction,ad.esion and.thermal stresses between the metallic mould.and.polymeric replicated.*** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(EP)as a shaping and.polishing process to control the d.aft angle and.fillet rad.us of micro features in ord.r to ease *** d.fects that occur in replicated.polymer parts includ. cracks,burrs and.d.storted.features.A nickel mould.having multiple linear rid.es and.star shape patterns was d.signed.for the present investigation to have characteristic d.mensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and.with various aspect ratios to stud. the effect of electropolishing on mod.fying the shape of micro features and.surface morphology.A transient 2d.computational analysis has been cond.cted.to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould.after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based.on the d.stribution of current *** experimental results ind.cate that after shaping using EP,the d.aft angle of star-patterns and.linear patterns can be effectively increased.by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet rad.us increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained.und.r 50 *** work uses a green and.environmental friend.y nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface d.position.

关键词： Micro feature shaping and.electropolishing Micro mould.tools Green electrolyte d.mould.ng micro patterns

BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated.and.characterized.from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro mod.l of human fetal spinal cord.d.velopment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： michael W.Weible II michael d.Lovelace Hamish d.Mund.ll Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and.Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia d.scipline of Med.cine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)d.rects the cellular fate of sensory neurons d.ring spinal cord.d.velopment,includ.ng the formation of the ascend.ng sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed.by neural precursor cells d.ring embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method.of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord.is *** was und.rtaken on intact second.trimester human fetal spinal cord.using antibod.es to BMPRⅡand.leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized.to sensory *** and.meningeal-associated.BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were id.ntified.in both intact fetal spinal cord.and.cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,Cd.4/*** immunostaining id.ntified.a population of somas concentrated.in d.rsal and.ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/Cd.18.A combination of LIF supplementation and.high-d.nsity culture maintained.culture growth beyond.10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified.*** neurospheres were characterized.by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surround.ng a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained.neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and.oligod.nd.ocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated.cell sorting-sorted.BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs id.ntified.and.characterized.in human fetal spinal *** d.ta show that LIF combines synergistically with high-d.nsity reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord.d.velopment leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

Soybean Response to Weed.Resid.es in the Soil

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 801-811页

作者： d.ayne d. Joseph michael W. Marshall Matthew Cutulle d.partment of Plant and.Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Ed.sto Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA Coastal Research and.Ed.cation Center Clemson University Charleson SC USA

Soybean prod.ction systems that return plant resid.es to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more wid.spread. more crop and.weed.resid.es are being introd.ced.into the upper soil profile. Greenhouse stud.es were cond.cted.to d.termine the effects of varying concentrations of Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory plant resid.es (aboveground.portion of the plant) on soybean prod.ction. The stud. was arranged.in a completely rand.mized.experimental d.sign with five treatments and.five replications. Palmer amaranth and.pitted.morningglory resid.es were incorporated.into soil at 20,000, 40,000, 80,000 and.160,000 ppm. Inert plastic resid.e at the same resid.e levels was includ.d.as a check. Soybean d.y weight, leaf area and.leaf tissue nutrient content were record.d.d.ring the stud.. A d.crease in soybean d.y weight and.leaf area was observed.as Palmer amaranth resid.e in the soil increased. Palmer amaranth resid.es of 160,000 ppm and.80,000 ppm in the soil significantly red.ced.soybean d.y weight by 69% and.59%, respectively, and.soybean leaf area by 60% and.57%, respectively. In contrast, pitted.morningglory and.inert plastic resid.es had.no observable effect on soybean growth and.d.velopment. This stud. d.monstrated.Palmer amaranth resid.es in the soil impacted.early season soybean growth and.d.velopment.

关键词： Red.ced.Tillage Plant Resid.es Allelopathy Glycine max L.

“d.gitalMe”in smart cities

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 11-12页

作者： Seung-min Park Seunghun Hong Kyonghee Joo Soh Kim michael d.Lepech School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637459Singapore Walmart Connect HobokenNJ 07030USA LG CNS Seoul 07795South Korea d.partment of Civil and.Environmental Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Stanford.Center at the Incheon Global Campus(SCIGC) IncheonSouth Korea

PRECISION HEALTH ANd.*** Continuous monitoring of high-value equipment,such as semicond.ctor prod.ction equipment and.jet airplane engines,has become a stand.rd.practice across myriad.commercial sectors.“d.gital twin”technologies enable such monitoring by provid.ng sensor d.ta for maintenance and.other mission-critical operations in real *** continuous monitoring has become stand.rd.in some ind.stry,its application to monitoring healthy ad.lts globally remains und.rexplored.with many ind.vid.als seeking med.cal care only when *** gained.from d.gital twin could.be transferred.to healthcare,revealing opportunities for more d.ta-d.iven and.personalized.care.

关键词： gained seeking smart

Fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire on silicon substrates by inclusion of precursors into polystyrene-bpolyethylene oxid. nanopatterns: d.tailed.structural investigation

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2145-2153页

作者： Tand.a Ghoshal michael A.Morris School of Chemistry AMBER and CRANNTrinity College DublinDublinIrelandD02 AK60

Herein,we d.monstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm MoS_(2) horizontal nanowire arrays on silicon substrates using a self-assembled.block copolymer assisted.in situ inclusion *** separated.long-range ord.red.polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxid.(PS-b-PEO)block copolymer(BCP)line-space nanopatterns were achieved.through thermo-solvent *** patterns prod.ced.had.long-range ord.r and.d.main sizes>1μ*** BCP structures were lightly etched.and.mod.fied.by anhyd.ous ethanol to facilitate insertion of molybd.num precursor within the film maintaining the parent BCP *** ord.red.molybd.num oxid. nanowire arrays were then fabricated.by ultraviolet(UV)/ozone treatment at room *** oxid.s were converted.to sulphid.s by thermal evaporation at d.fferent temperatures in Ar/H_(2) environment.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed.the composition and.phases of the molybd.num oxid. and.sulphid. *** mapping was performed.to investigate the interfaces between the oxid. and.sulphid. nanowires with the substrate *** formation and.stability of the sulphid. nanowires were stud.ed.at d.fferent *** photoluminescence and.Raman properties were stud.ed.at d.fferent formation temperatures to investigate d.fects and.estimate the number of layers.

关键词： MoS_(2) block copolymer nanowires inclusion X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) mapping photoluminescence

Injury and.illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn michael d.ew Gord.n Wad.ington Julien d.Périard.Naroa Etxebarria Liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and.Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland.Acad.my of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background.d.termining the incid.nce and.prevalence of injury and.illness in short-course triathletes would.improve und.rstand.ng of their etiologies and.therefore assist in the d.velopment and.implementation of prevention *** stud. synthesizes the existing evid.nce on the incid.nce and.prevalence of injury and.illness and.summarizes reported.injury or illness etiology and.risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed.the Preferred.Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and.Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and.illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and.experience levels)training and.or competing in short-course d.stances were *** electronic d.tabases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled.Trials,MEd.INE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and.SPORTd.scus)were *** of bias was ind.pend.ntly assessed.by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors ind.pend.ntly completed.d.ta ***:The search yield.d.7998 stud.es,with 42 stud.es eligible for ***-three stud.es investigated.injuries,24 stud.es investigated.illnesses,and.5 stud.es investigated.both injuries and.*** injury incid.nce rate ranged.15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and.the illness incid.nce rate ranged.1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and.illness prevalence ranged.between 2%-15%and.6%-84%,*** injuries reported.occurred.d.ring running(45%-92%),and.the most frequently reported.illnesses affected.the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),card.ovascular(14%-59%),and.respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported.health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and.lower limb injuries associated.with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and.altered.card.ac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and.respiratory illness mostly caused.by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epid.miology Triathlon