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Priority setting towards achieving underfive mortality target in Africa in context of sustainable development goals:an ordinary least squares(OLS)analysis

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Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 220-235页

作者： michael acheampong Chukwudi Ejiofor Abraham Salinas-Miranda Bryana Wall Qiuyan Yu Center for Urban Ecology and Sustainability Suffolk University8 Ashburton PlBostonMA 02108USA College of Public Health University of South Florida13201 Bruce B.Downs Blvd.MDC 56TampaFL 33612USA College of Communications and Journalism University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA School of Geosciences University of South Florida4202 E.Fowler AveTampaFL 33620USA

Background:Africa reduced its under-5 mortality rate(U5MR)by more than 50%during the MDGs ***,it still has by far the highest average U5MR in the world-81 deaths compared to a global average of 43 deaths per 1000 births,with eight of the ten countries in the world with the highest child mortality *** primary objective of our study was to examine the socioeconomic,healthcare,and environmental determinants that most account for U5MR disparities between African ***:We used a series of ordinary least squares(OLS)regression models to assess the effects of 14 distinct socioeconomic,environmental and healthcare variables that account for the high U5MR differentials that persist between African *** conducted our analysis on 43 countries for which data were *** a dummy variable,we also emphasized factors that may be accounting for the disparity between the eight worstperforming countries and the remainder of the ***:Among all the determinants analyzed in our study,the results reveal that the factors that most account for the inequities observed are,in order,expenditure on healthcare(p<0.01),total fertility rate(p<0.01),income per capita(p<0.05),and access to clean water(p<0.1).Conclusions:Our results show that the gap between the best and worst performing countries in Africa can be significantly narrowed if government and donor interventions will target downstream factors such as improving education for mothers and sensitising them about birth control since fertility rate differences play a critical *** accessibility to clean water sources to reduce outbreaks of diarrhea diseases is also observed as a critical factor.

关键词： Under-five mortality Sustainable development goals Africa Social determinants of health Health literacy

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Concordance between Clinical and Histopathological Diagnoses at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Oral and Maxillofacial Unit

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Surgical Science 2013年第3期4卷 210-212页

作者： Alexander acheampong Oti Peter Donkor Solomon Obiri-Yeboah michael Yelibora Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Background: Accurate diagnosis of orofacial tumours is important as this determines the treatment options as well as the eventual treatment outcome. Agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis becomes important in this regard. Aims: The aim was to determine the level of agreement between clinical and histopathology diagnosis of orofacial lesions. Method: This is a retrospective study of all histopathology reports seen at KATH maxillofacial unit. Thedata collected included, clinical diagnosis and histological diagnosis. Results: A total of 567 histopathology reports were evaluated. The percentage of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis was 62.8%. Conclusion: The agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis was high. However clinicians cannot rely on only the clinical diagnosis in managing patients.

关键词： Histopathology Biopsy Concordance Diagnosis

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Seminal Antioxidant Capacity to Oxidative Stress Induced by Electromagnetic Waves Emitting from Cellular Phones on Sperm Quality: An <i>in Vitro</i>Simulation Model

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2019年第4期7卷 94-105页

作者： Eugene Baah Christian Obirikorang Richard Harry Asmah Emmanuel acheampong Enoch Odame Anto michael Bright Yakass Dickson Mawusi Department of Molecular Medicine School of Medical Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Jubail Specialist Hospital Sakumono Tema Metropolis Ghana Department of Medical Laboratory School of Allied Health Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana School of Medical and Health Science Edith Cowan University Joondalup Australia West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP) Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana Accra Ghana School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana

With the increasing use of electronic gadgets, the effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality have been reported. This study evaluated the capacity of seminal antioxidants to protect spermatozoa from the effects of exposure to non-ionizing cellular phone radiation on markers of semen quality and DNA integrity in an in-vitro model. A total of seventy-three (73) patients attending a fertility centre in Sakumono, Tema metropolis were recruited for this study. About 2 - 3 mls of freshly ejaculated semen was neatly collected by masturbation with consent and analysed according to the 2010 WHO standard semen analysis. A portion of Semen was exposed to non-ionizing cellular phone radiation for three (3) hours. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were determined before and after exposure. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.00 and Graph pad prism. DFI was positively associated with immobility (r = 0.233;p = 0.05) and negatively associated with percentage progressive motility (r = -0.258;p = 0.028), percentage total motility (r = -0.233;p = 0.05) and SOD levels (r = -0.270;p = 0.028). There was a significant positive linear relationship between SOD and progressive motility (r = 0.451;p < 0.0001), vitality (r = 0.725;p < 0.0001) and total motility (r = 0.705, p = 0.05). Higher seminal SOD level is protective against the damaging effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality.

关键词： DNA Fragmentation Index Superoxide Dismutase Semen Non-Ionizing Radiations Cellular Phones

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