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The formation of orthogonal joint systems and cuboidal blocks:New insights gained from flat-lying limestone beds in the region of Havre-Saint-Pierre(Quebec,Canada)

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第12期15卷 3079-3093页

作者： Shaocheng Ji Yvéric Rousseau Denis Marcotte Noah John phillips Département des Génies Civil Géologique et des MinesÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontréalQuébecH3C 3A7Canada Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioP7B 5E1Canada

Vertical orthogonal joints are a common feature in shallow crustal *** are several competing theories for their formation despite the *** examined the exceptional exposures of orthogonal joints in flat-lying Ordovician limestone beds from the Havre-Saint-Pierre Region in Quebec,Canada(north shore of Saint-Lawrence River)to test conceptual models of joint formation in a natural *** the region,the spacing of cross-joints is consistently larger than the spacing of systematic joints by a factor of 1.5 *** joint-spacing-to-bed-thickness ratios(s/t)are much larger in these beds(s/t=4.3 for systematic joints,and 6.4 for cross-joints)than those in higher strained strata along the south shore of the Saint-Lawrence River(s/t=1),highlighting the effect of tectonic strain in decreasing fracture spacing and block *** high values of s/t indicate that cross-joint formation was unlikely caused by a switch from compression to tension once a critical s/t ratio for systematic joints was reached(as hypothesized in previous studies).We proposed a new model for the formation of orthogonal joint systems where the principal stress axes locally switch during the formation of systematic *** presence of ladder-shaped orthogonal joints suggests a state of effective stress withσ_(1)^(∗)≫0>σ_(2)^(∗)>σ_(3)^(∗)and whereσ_(2)^(∗)-σ_(3)^(∗)is within the range of fracture strength variability at the time of *** research provides a new mechanical model for the formation of orthogonal joint systems and cuboidal blocks.

关键词： Plato's cuboids Orthogonal joints Fracture spacing Limestone Layered rock mechanics Appalachian geology

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Patient-centric dose equivalency pilot study of incobotulinumtoxin a(xeomin)*** a(dysport)in the treatment of glabellar frown lines

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2015年第1期2卷 12-16页

作者： Jonathan Bank Nicole a.phillips Laurie A.Casas Department of Surgery Section of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60026USA Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA 02115USA

Aim:Incobotulinumtoxin A(xeomin)has been proposed as an alternative to abobotulinumtoxin A(dysport)and onabotulinumtoxin A(Botox)in the treatment of glabellar frown lines.A recent study is comparing abobotulinumtoxin A and onabotulinumtoxin A revealed equivalent efficacy with a dose conversion ratio of 2.5:*** sought to establish effectiveness and dosing equivalency of incobotulinumtoxin A *** ***:Inclusion criteria for this pilot study included patients of a single surgeon(LAC)who had previously received a constant dose of abobotulinumtoxin A over at least four consecutive treatment sessions for the previous 12 months to achieve an 85-90%elimination of dynamic glabellar frown *** primary outcome sought dose comparison between established maintenance abobotulinumtoxin A dosing and incobotulinumtoxin A first-time dosing.A 2:1 conversion(abobotulinumtoxin A:incobotulinumtoxin A)was chosen in most *** outcomes were patient-reported onset of effect,physician-assessed effect at 10-12 weeks,pain associated with administration,and patient perceived need for re-treatment at 2 ***:A total of 32 subjects were *** mean dose of incobotulinumtoxin A was 17.1 units(±6.1,the median dose 20 units).The mean dose of abobotulinumtoxin A was 27.6(±11.7,the median dose 27.5 units).The mean difference in treatment units was 10.5(95%confidence interval,P<0.001).Among 30 patients who reported effect onset,the median was 8.5 days,with a range of *** 10-12 weeks,muscle paralysis was assessed to be 69.2%(±27.3),vs.90.3%(±1.8)with abobotulinumtoxin A(P<0.001).The majority of patients rated pain of administration as equal or greater to that of abobotulinumtoxin A(63%and 22%,respectively).Three patients(9%)required re-treatment at 2 weeks with abobotulinumtoxin A due to lack of effective treatment with incobotulinumtoxin *** A re-treatment was chosen by the ***:We found incobotulinumtoxin A at 17.1

关键词： Abobotulinumtoxin A glabellar frown lines incobotulinumtoxin A rhytids

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World Mental Health Day 2020: Promoting Global Mental Health During COVID-19

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China CDC weekly 2020年第43期2卷 844-847页

作者： michael R.phillips Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Observed for the first time on October 10,1992,World Mental Health Day was initiated by the World Federation for Mental Health and is currently coordinated by the World Health Organization(WHO),the World Federation for Mental Health,and the United for Global Mental Health *** annual events promote awareness of the importance of mental health and mobilize support for providing high-quality,community-based care to all persons who need mental health services;this year,most events will be conducted online due to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic(1–3).

关键词： Health World Mental

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Amplitude-mode spectroscopy of chemically injected and photogenerated charge carriers in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5619-5625页

作者： Shai R。Vardeny Alan phillips Kira A。Thurman ZValy Vardeny Jeffrey L.Blackburn Division of Electrical Electronicand Infocommunications EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Materials Chemistryand Computation Science DirectorateNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

In one-dimensional semiconductors such as conjugated polymers and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(s-SWCNTs),injected charge carriers(electrons or holes)can have profound impacts on both electronic conductivity and optical spectra,even at low carrier *** charge-related spectral features is a key fundamental challenge with important technological ***,we employ a systematic suite of experimental and theoretical tools to understand the mid-infrared charge signatures of heavily p-type doped polymer-wrapped *** a broad range of nanotube diameters,we find that hole charge carriers induce strong Fano anti-resonances in mid-infrared transmission spectra that correspond to defect-related(D-band)and in-plane tangential(G-band)Raman-active vibrational modes,along with antiresonances arising from infrared(IR)-active polymer and SWCNT *** employ^(13)C isotope-labeled s-SWCNTs and a removable wrapping polymer to clarify the relative intensities,energies,and sources of all observed *** performed with the“amplitude mode model”are used to quantitatively reproduce Raman spectra and also help to explain the outsized intensity of the D-band anti-resonance,relative to the G-band,observed for both moderately and degenerately doped *** results provide a framework for future studies of ground-and excited-state charge carriers in s-SWCNTs and a variety of low-dimensional materials.

关键词： carbon nanotubes doping charge carriers phonons electron-phonon coupling

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Translated and annotated version of the 2015-2020 National Mental Health Work Plan of the People's Republic of China

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上海精神医学 2016年第1期28卷 4-17页

作者： Wei XIONG michael R.phillips Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

The following document is a translation of the 2015-2020 National Mental Health Work Plan of the People's Republic of China which was issued by the General Office of China's State Council on June 4, 2015. The original Chinese version of the document is available at the official government website: http://***/zhengce/content/2015-06/18/content_***. The translators have added annotations at the end of the document that provide background information to help contextualize content that may be unclear to readers unfamiliar with China and explain their decisions when translating terms that can have multiple interpretations.

关键词：中华人民共和国卫生工作翻译规划精神注释国务院办公厅官方网站

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A machine learning enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient coarse-graining of a model polymer

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2128-2138页

作者： Zakiya Shireen Hansani Weeratunge Adrian Menzel Andrew W.phillips Ronald G.Larson Kate Smith-Miles Elnaz Hajizadeh Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Platforms Division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

This work presents a framework governing the development of an efficient,accurate,and transferable coarse-grained(CG)model of a polyether *** framework combines bottom-up and top-down approaches of coarse-grained model parameters by integrating machine learning(ML)with optimization *** the bottom-up approach,bonded interactions of the CG model are optimized using deep neural networks(DNN),where atomistic bonded distributions are *** the top-down approach,optimization of nonbonded parameters is accomplished by reproducing the temperature-dependent experimental *** demonstrate that developed framework addresses the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical coarse-graining *** efficiency and transferability of the CG model is demonstrated through accurate predictions of chain statistics,the limiting behavior of the glass transition temperature,diffusion,and stress relaxation,where none were included in the parametrization *** accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in context of molecular theories and available experimental data.

关键词： optimization grain integrating

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Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1040-1054页

作者： Claire L.phillips Kylie M.Meyer Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.Weidman Catherine E.Stewart Thomas Wanzek michael A.Grusak Donald W.Watts Jeff Novak Kristin M.Trippe USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesIAUSA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit CorvallisORUSA Department of Environmental Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA USDA-ARS Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit Ft.CollinsCOUSA USDA-ARS Edward T.Schafer Agricultural Research Center FargoNDUSA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterFlorenceSCUSA

Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial ***,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil *** hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization *** conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several *** both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil *** to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended *** unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley ***,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil *** finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar *** of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility.

关键词： C:N ratio Plant-available nitrogen Priming Respiration ^(13)C

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Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA Mutants Implicate GAUT Genes in the Biosynthesis of Pectin and Xylan in Cell Walls and Seed Testa

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1000-1014页

作者： Kerry H. Caffall Sivakumar Pattathil Sarah E. phillips michael G. Hahn Debra Mohnen Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Complex Carbohydrate Research Center BioEnergy Science Center 315 Riverbend Road University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Galacturonosyltransferase 1 （GAUT1） is an α1,4-D-galacturonosyltransferase that transfers galacturonic acid from uridine 5＇-diphosphogalacturonic acid onto the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan （Sterling et al., 2006）. The 25-member Arabidopsis thaliana GAUT1-related gene family encodes 15 GAUT and 10 GAUT-like （GATL） proteins with, respectively, 56-84 and 42-53% amino acid sequence similarity to GAUT1. Previous phylogenetic analyses of AtGAUTs indicated three clades： A through C. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of the Arabidopsis, poplar and rice GAUT families has sub-classified the GAUTs into seven clades： clade A-1 （GAUTs 1 to 3）; A-2 （GAUT4）; A-3 （GAUTs 5 and 6）; A-4 （GAUT7）; B-1 （GAUTs 8 and 9）; B-2 （GAUTs 10 and 11）; and clade C （GAUTs 12 to 15）. The Arabidopsis GAUTs have a distribution comparable to the poplar orthologs, with the exception of GAUT2, which is absent in poplar. Rice, however, has no orthologs of GAUTs 2 and 12 and has multiple apparent orthologs of GAUTs 1, 4, and 7 compared with eitherArabidopsis or poplar. The cell wall glycosyl residue compositions of 26 homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants for 13 of 15 Arabidopsis GAUTgenes reveal significantly and reproducibly different cell walls in specific tissues of gaut mutants 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 from that of wild-type Arabidopsis walls. Pectin and xylan polysaccharides are affected by the loss of GAUT function, as demonstrated by the altered galacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose composition of distinct gaut mutant walls. The wall glycosyl residue compositional phenotypes observed among the gaut mutants suggest that at least six different biosynthetic linkages in pectins and/or xylans are affected by the lesions in these GAUTgenes. Evidence is also presented to support a role for GAUT11 in seed mucilage expansion and in seed wall and mucilage composition.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism cell walls Arabidopsis biosynthesis mutant pectin mucilage

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Osteopontin increases hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in a CD44 dependant manner

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3389-3399页

作者： Renee J phillips Karla J Helbig Kylie H Van der Hoek Devanshi Seth michael R Beard School of Molecular and Biomedical Science The University of Adelaide5000 AdelaideAustralia Centre for Cancer Biology SA Pathology 5000 AdelaideAustralia Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital2050 CamperdownAustralia

AIM:To investigate the role of osteopontin(OPN) and its splice variants in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The expression of OPN variants in HCC cell lines as well as HCC tissue samples and nontumour tissue was studied using polymerase chain *** variant cDNAs were cloned into a mammalian expression vector allowing both transient expression and the production of stable OPN expressing cell *** expression was studied in these cells using Western blotting,immunofluoresnce and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.A CD44 blocking antibody and siRNA targeting of CD44 were used to examine the role of this receptor in the OPN stimulated cell growth observed in ***-7 cells stably expressing either OPN-A,-B or-C were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice to observe in vivo tumour *** of OPN mRNA and protein in these tumours was examined using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and ***:OPN is expressed in HCC in 3 forms,the full length OPN-A and 2 splice variants OPN-B *** variant expression was noted in HCC tissue as well as cognate surrounding cirrhotic liver *** of these OPN variants in the HCC derived cell line Huh-7 resulted in secretion of OPN into the culture *** of OPN conditioned media to na ve Huh-7 and HepG2 cells resulted in significant cell growth suggesting that all OPN variants can modulate cell proliferation in a paracrine *** the OPN mediated increase in cellular proliferation was dependent on CD44 as only CD44 positive cell lines responded to OPN conditioned media while siRNA knockdown of CD44 blocked the proliferative *** expression also increased the proliferation of Huh-7 cells in a subcutaneous nude mouse tumour model,with Huh-7 cells expressing OPN-A showing the greatest proliferative ***:This study demonstrates that OPN plays a significant role in the proliferation of HCC thro

关键词：肝细胞肝癌细胞生长 CD44 骨桥蛋白逆转录聚合酶链反应免疫组织化学依赖性 Western印迹

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The SDG Project:A Long-Term Project under Technological Uncertainty

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Engineering 2020年第6期6卷 600-603页

作者： Fred phillips University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

*** A second"Warning to Humanity"issued by 15000 scientists from across the globe[1],the"disappointing"COP25 meeting(25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)[2],and a"grim"United Nations report[3]imply that the ability of Earth's environment to support human life will persist for a much shorter time than the 200 years predicted by physicist Stephen Hawking.

关键词： shorter issued pointing

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