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Assessing Sustainability of Land Management Using a Risk Identification Model

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 41-48页

作者： P.R.STEPHENS A.E.hewitt 等 LandcareResearch PrivateBag11052PalmerstonNorth（NewZealand） LandcareResearch.P.O.Box69 Lincoln（NewZealand）

New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production. To avoiddepleting this resource, there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices wherethere is a risk of soil degradation. Environmental integrity and ecosystem services also need to be ***, to ensure sustainable production, the on- and off-site environmental impacts of land managementneed to be identified and managed. We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils. Thisindex ranks soils according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural(pasture, forestry and cropping) purposes. We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil compactionvulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience. Other soil attributes havebeen appraised using seven chemical, physical and biological indicators of soil quality. These indicators havebeen applied in a nation-wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land *** soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web - through the interactive decision-support tool SINDI. The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management andenvironmental sustainability, and may be applied to land units at any scale. Using land resource data andinformation the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity. It utilisesqualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potentialenvironmental impacts of land-management practices. The model is linked to a geographic informationsystem (GIS), allowing model outputs, such as the environmental impacts of site-specific best managementpractices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner. The model has been tested in New Zealand in anarea of pastoral land use. Advantages of this risk identification model include: utilising

关键词： land-use planning soil quality resilience resistance sustainableagriculture

Conceptual physical science / Paul G. hewitt, John Suchocki, Leslie A. hewitt. 2nd ed.

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In Memoriam: Matthias Kuhle

1999年

作者： Paul G. hewitt John Suchocki Leslie A. hewitt.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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山地科学学报（英文） 2015年第5期12卷 1065-1067页

作者： Lasafam ITURRIZAGA Hermann KREUTZMANN Kenneth hewitt LIU Shiyin Monique FORT Section of Geography and High Mountain Geomorphology Institute of Geography University of Goettingen Centre for Development Studies Geographic Sciences Freie Universitaet Berlin Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography CNRS PRODIG University Paris Diderot SPC

Matthias Kuhle,an internationally renowned physical geographer and highly respected geomorphologist,died tragically on the 25th of April,*** was in the Manaslu Himalaya,close to the epicentre of April 2015 Nepal earth... 详细信息

关键词：埃及地理学家喜马拉雅科学家尼泊尔十五地震

Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： Nicole J.Scott-hewitt Christopher J.Folts Mark D.Noble Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （KD）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of KD-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with KD, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes KD-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on KD, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of KD. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

A diagnosis with a twist:Ultrasonographic sensitivity and predictors of pediatric ovarian torsion within a large pediatric hospital

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第3期13卷 229-231页

作者： Mark K.hewitt Jesse E.Marshall-Sheppard April J.Kam Department of Medicine Division of Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada Department of Family Medicine University of TorontoToronto M5S1A1Canada Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton 8S 4L8Canada

The diagnosis of ovarian torsion(OT)in girls is challenging compared to that of testicular torsion in boys for many reasons,but it behooves the medical community to continue to strive to better identify this uncommon but clinically important pathology^([1]) OT occurs when the ovary and associated structures rotate around its vascular pedicle,leading to eventually irreversible necrosis.^([2,3])Studies attempting to identify clinical features for early diagnosis have not reached a consensus on the best clinical predictors of this condition,making radiographic imaging of the ovaries even more crucial.^([4,5])

关键词： diagnosis pediatric torsion

The reality of the dead in Brazil:perspectives on identification in forensic anthropology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 577-579页

作者： Eugénia Cunha Bridget Algee-hewitt Melina Calmon National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences CoimbraPortugal Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal CCSRE Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity(CCSRE)Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas-ANP/CNPq Lago SulBrazil

What is the current state of Forensic Anthropology in Brazil and where do we stand when identification is concerned?Coming to terms with the reality of identifying the dead in Brazil is the challenge we proposed to several Brazilian forensic anthropology experts and it is the focus of this special *** asked the contributor to drill-down to the fundamental questions in order to define the baseline upon which we can build our understanding and establish the future pathways for the *** are the most typical cases?Is there a more frequent case type?Does the way the issues are being solved reflect advancements in the discipline in the country?Are standards procedures being followed?What are the main obstacles faced by the experts in this field?

关键词： dead Brazil concerned

Verification of the 2019 GloSea5 Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Landfall Forecast for East China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 917-925页

作者： Joanne CAMP Philip E.BETT Nicola GOLDING Chris D.hewitt Timothy D.MITCHELL Adam A.SCAIFE Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX 13PBUK University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350Australia College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterDevon EX44QFUK

A prototype climate service was developed and trialled in early 2019 to provide seasonal forecast of the June–July–August(JJA) tropical cyclone(TC) landfall risk for the East China region ahead of the forthcoming typhoon *** forecasts were produced in both March and April 2019 and a final forecast was released to the China Meteorological Administration(CMA) on 1 May 2019. The trial service was produced by using the Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system(GloSea5), and a forecast of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) index was used to infer the TC landfall risk based on a simple linear regression between historical model WPSH indices and observed TC landfalls in East China. The forecast method shows significant skill for forecasting the JJA TC landfall risk in East China with up to three-month lead time, with the greatest skill for predictions initialized in May. The 2019 forecast provided good guidance of the near-average TC activity observed in East China in JJA 2019. Success of the forecast adds confidence to an improved climate service ahead of the 2020 typhoon season.

关键词： seasonal forecasting typhoons tropical cyclones(TCs) landfall risk East China western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)

The Process and Benefits of Developing Prototype Climate Services——Examples in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 893-903页

作者： Chris D.hewitt Nicola GOLDING Peiqun ZHANG Tyrone DUNBAR Philip E.BETT Joanne CAMP Timothy D.MITCHELL Edward POPE Met Office Exeter EX 13PBUK University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350Australia Beijing Climate Center/National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Changes in climate pose major challenges to society, and so decision-makers need actionable climate information to inform their planning and policies to make society more resilient to climatic changes. Climate services are being developed to provide such actionable climate information. The successful development and use of climate services benefits greatly from close engagement between developers, providers, and users of the services. The Climate Science for Service Partnership China(CSSP China) is a China–UK collaboration fostering closer engagement between climate scientists, providers of climate services, and users of climate services. We describe the process within CSSP China of co-developing climate services through trials with users to revise and improve a prototype. Examples are provided covering various scientific capabilities, user needs, and parts of China. The development process is yielding many benefits, such as increasing the engagement between providers and users, making users more aware of how climate information can be of use in their decision-making, giving the climate service providers a better understanding of the users’ requirements for climate information, and shaping future scientific research and development. In addition to the benefits, we also document some challenges that have emerged, along with ways of alleviating them. We have two key recommendations from our experiences: make the time and space for effective engagement between the users and developers of any climate service;bring the needs of the users in to the design and delivery of the climate service as early as possible and throughout the development cycle.

关键词： climate services prototypes user engagement

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喷雾助剂类型及浓度对喷头雾化效果影响

农业工程学报 2018年第20期34卷 36-43页

作者：张瑞瑞张真徐刚陈立平 Andrew J hewitt 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心北京100097 国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心北京100097 国家农业航空应用技术国际联合研究中心北京100097 山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院泰安271018 昆士兰大学施药技术与安全研究中心昆士兰4072

为达到农药减施增效的目的,助剂逐渐成为农药喷洒过程中必不可少的部分,其效果及浓度直接影响着施药过程中农药利用率。为探索不同助剂及浓度对喷头雾化效果的影响,该文利用激光粒度仪比较分析了IDK120-025型和LU120-015型喷头喷施不同... 详细信息

为达到农药减施增效的目的,助剂逐渐成为农药喷洒过程中必不可少的部分,其效果及浓度直接影响着施药过程中农药利用率。为探索不同助剂及浓度对喷头雾化效果的影响,该文利用激光粒度仪比较分析了IDK120-025型和LU120-015型喷头喷施不同浓度典型增效剂意欧、减量增产助剂激健、尿素时,其雾滴体积中径及雾滴分布相对跨度差异。两款喷头应用广泛,喷雾角度相同、喷腔雾化结构相异。结果表明:3种助剂溶液对IDK120-025型喷头的影响效果相比于LU120-015型喷头更为显著,但是LU120-015喷头喷雾雾滴均匀性较优于IDK120-025。激健溶液配比为1:3 000时,在0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下,与水相比可将IDK喷头雾滴体积中径增加20.43%,粒径分布相对跨度减小1.74%;意欧溶液配比为1:2 000时,在0.4MPa喷雾压力条件下,与水相比可将IDK喷头雾滴体积中径增加11.10%,粒径分布相对跨度减小8.86%;意欧溶液配比1:3 000时,在0.2 MPa喷雾压力条件下,与水相比可将LU喷头雾滴体积中径减小5.99%,粒径分布相对跨度增大1.56%;尿素溶液在配比1:2 000时,在0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下,与水相比可将IDK喷头雾滴体积中径增加16.92%,粒径分布相对跨度减小6.92%。该试验可为田间农药施用中助剂及喷头的选择提供依据,为进一步研究喷头及助剂提供数据基础。

关键词：喷雾农药喷头助剂雾化雾滴粒径