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longitudinal Variability of the Vertical Drift Velocity Inferred from Ground-Based Magnetometers and C/NOFS Observations in Africa

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第8期13卷 657-680页

作者： Messanga Etoundi Honoré Paul Obiakara Amaechi augustin Daïka Diaby Kassamba Abdel Aziz Mohamed Kaab César Biouele Mbané Zouhair Benkhaldoun Department of Geomatics Higher Technical Teacher Training College of Ebolowa University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Applied Biotechnology and Engineering laboratory Higher Technical Teacher Training College of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon laboratory of Earth’s Atmosphere Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Cardiff School of Education & Social Policy Cardiff Metropolitan University Cyncoed Campus Cardiff UK Department of Meteorology and Climatology National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère UFR-SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235 t Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Oukaimeden Observatory LPHEA FSSM Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morrocco National School of Applied Sciences of Beni Mellal Sultan Moulay Sliman University Beni Mellal Morocco

This study aims at discussing longitudinal effects on the variability of the vertical E × B drift velocity at low latitudes, specifically over African sector. To this effect, observations from ground-based magnetometers and the Ion Velocity Meter experiment onboard C/NOFS satellite are analyzed in conjunction with equatorial electric field and neutral wind model estimates under geomagnetically quiet conditions in the years 2012-2013. Notwithstanding the limitation in data over Africa, the combination of ground-based and in-situ observations confirmed the existence of longitudinal differences in the E × B between the Atlantic, Western and Eastern African sectors. This was well reproduced by the equatorial electric field model (EEFM) which showed that during noon, the peak of the equatorial electric field (EEF) was the lowest in the Atlantic sector, with an increasing trend towards the Eastern longitude. The Horizontal Wind Model 14 (HWM14) showed that the eastward zonal (poleward meridional) wind velocity was the lowest (highest) in the Eastern sector. Furthermore, the zonal (meridional) wind increased (decreased) from the Eastern to the Atlantic sector. These results highlight the contribution of the neutral wind velocity in driving the longitudinal difference in the vertical drift velocity over Africa.

关键词： Equatorial Electrojet Vertical Drift Velocity (E × B) longitudinal Variability African Sector

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Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Mothers’ Infant and Young Child Feeding Knowledge and Practices in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 175-199页

作者： Alain Hien Jérome W. Somé Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda augustin N. Zeba Isidore Traoré Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso laboratoire de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention aiming to improve the knowledge and practices of under 5 years children’s mothers on infant and young child feeding in peri urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were surveyed before and after the intervention using the FAO questionnaire for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge and practices assessment in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on mothers’ infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of the mothers were between 20 and 29 years old. All indicators used to assess the mothers’ knowledge of breastfeeding and complementary feeding significantly improved after the intervention (all p-values ld feeding practices, half of the indicators (early breastfeeding initiation, age of complementary feeding initiation, and minimum meal frequency) significantly increased (all p = 0.001) while two indicators (minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet) did not change (p = 0.06 and 0.67) after the intervention. Finally, continued breastfeeding, significantly declined after the intervention (73.3% vs 86.0% p = 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention improved the mothers’ knowledge on breastfeeding and complementary feeding and some child feeding practices. This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention to increase maternal knowledge and practices.

关键词： Nutrition Intervention Mothers’ Nutrition Knowledge Child Feeding Practices

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Temperature Dependence of Density,Viscosity,Thermal Conductivity and Heat Capacity of Vegetable Oils for Their Use as Biofuel in Internal Combustion Engines

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2019年第1期9卷 44-64页

作者： augustin SampawindéZongo Gilles Vaitilingom Tizane Daho Christian Caillol Jean-Francois Hoffmann Bruno Piriou Jeremy Valette Bila Gérard Segda Pascal Higelin lPCE Département de physiqueUniversitéOuaga 1 Pr JKZBurkina Faso Unitéde recherche BioWooEB CIRAD MontpellierBat 1673 rue JF BretonMontpellierFrance laboratoire PRISME Universitéd’Orléans8 rue Léonard de Vinci45072 Orléans Cedex 2France laboratoire PROMES-CNRS UPR-8521 Universitéde Perpignan Via Domitia Rambla de laThermodynamiqueTecnosudPerpignanFrance

This work gives tools to overcome the difficulty to determine experimentally physical properties for vegetable oils within the range of temperature typically observed during the injection phase in a diesel engine. Knowing vegetable oils’ physical properties to these ranges of temperature is of fundamental importance when modeling their combustion in diesel engine. However, vegetable oils’ experimental physical properties data are rare in the literature for temperature above 523 K. This paper describes experimental measurements and estimation methods for density, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity of vegetable oils for this particular range of temperature. The methodology uses several correlative methods using group contribution approach for each property and compares experimental data with predicted one to select the more accurate model. This work has shown the rapeseed and jatropha oils’ physical properties can be satisfactorily predicted as a function of temperature using group contribution approach.

关键词： Rapeseed Oil Jatropha Oil Physical Properties Group Contribution Method Energy Diesel Engine

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Eating Habits among lithiasic Patients in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Urology 2021年第6期11卷 200-213页

作者： Pablo Kuntima Diasiama Diangienda Dieudonné Molamba Moningo Alain Ngoma Mayindu Jean-Robert Rissasy Makulo Ernest Kiswaya Sumaili Eric Musalu Mafuta Mathieu Nkumu loposso augustin M. l. Punga-Maole Simon lwa Nkandi lufuma Jean-Philippe Haymann Michel Daudon Department of Urology University Hospital of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Clinical Biology University Hospital of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Nephrology University Hospital of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo School of Public Health University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Functional Investigations Tenon Hospital Paris France

Introduction: Worldwide, the incidence of kidney stones has been progressively increasing. Various factors can influence the risk of stone formation, including lifestyle and eating habits. The dietary investigation is a standard of care in patients with urolithiasis. The objectives of this study were to determine the dietary habits of lithiasis patients in the city of Kinshasa and to investigate the association between dietary habits and the composition of the stones. Material and Methods: From January 2017 to September 2019, 85 patients attending 8 hospitals participated in the nutrition survey. Various foods commonly consumed in the Democratic Republic of Congo were categorized based on their composition: foods rich in animal proteins, foods rich in calcium, foods high in sugar, foods high in oxalate, and various vegetables and fruits. We also investigated daily water intake. The composition of the collected stones was analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry. Results: The mean (SD) age of patients was 47.1 (14.0) years, 63.5% of patients were males, 75.3% of the patients had stones located in the upper urinary tract, and 7.1% were undernourished. Most of patients consumed vegetables (77.6%), animal proteins (62.4%), and foods rich in oxalate (58.8%). The daily water intake was less than 1500 ml in more than half of the patients (68.2%). Major anhydrous uric acid stones were associated with a high body mass index (p = 0.025). Male patients with a high oxalate diet had more calcium oxalate stones (64.3%) compared to other types of stones (p = 0.041). Conclusion: High consumptions of vegetables and low water intake were linked to the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones. More data are needed to confirm these findings.

关键词： Urolithiasis Dietary Abnormality Insufficient Diuresis Chemical Composition

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Water Erosion in the Donga Soils in Subhumid Zone in West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第12期11卷 1073-1088页

作者： Julien Avakoudjo Félix Alladassi Kouelo Valentin Missiako Kindomihou Pierre Irénikatché Akponikpe Anastase Hessou Azontonde Brice augustin Sinsin Tobi Moriaque Akplo Mahugnon Socrate Agonvinon laboratory of Applied Ecology of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Research Unity of Soil Physic and Environmental Hydraulic Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin laboratory for Soil Science Water and Environment Agricultural Research Centre of Agonkanmey National Institute for Agricultural Research of Benin Abomey-Calavi Benin

The runoff and soil loss were assessed in situ at the scale of 2.12 m2 plots during the rainy season of 2010 to better understand the determinants and magnitude of the massive soil loss and land subsidence (donga) in the sub-humid zone of Africa in Karimama, North Benin. The experimental design was a split plot with two factors: the topography in 3 modalities (upstream, center and downstream of the donga) was assigned as main plot factor and the degree of degradation of dongas in 2 modalities (beginner dongas and advanced dongas) was assigned as subplot factor. Runoff water was collected through a storage system composed of two tanks. Data were collected on 36 plots (9 plots per donga × 4 dongas). The runoff varies significantly from one site to another for the rainy episode of October 10, 2010. It is twice as high in land use areas (5.87 mm) as in W Park (2.32 mm;l.s.d. = 1.81 mm). From upstream to downstream, runoff and soil loss increased from 2.4 mm to 85.3 mm and 80 g·m-2 to 197 g·m-2, respectively. Runoff is high in the early dongas (7.60 mm) and low in the advanced dongas (5.68 mm) in contrast to lower soil loss in the early dongas (34 g·m-2) and high in the advanced dongas (237 g·m-2). The low value of soil loss with respect to the magnitude of the phenomenon suggests the probable occurrence of other soil loss mechanisms to be elucidated.

关键词： W National Park land Use Areas Dongas Runoff Erosion Soil loss

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High Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Self-Medication among Street Vendors in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR)

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2023年第4期11卷 199-212页

作者： H.D. Mossoro-Kpinde Perrin Ariel Kongbanda augustin Balekouzou Henri Saint Calvaire Diemer Julienne Anaïs Paola Demba Yabada Chloé Naïgha liliane Dengue Nzobe Gerard Grésenguet Mor Ndiaye Direction de la Médecine du Travail Ministère du Travail de l’Emploi de la Protection Sociale et de la Formation Professionnelle Bangui Central African Republic Département de Santé Publique Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Comité National de lutte contre le SIDA Bangui Central African Republic Service de Médecine du Travail et de Médecine légale Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d’Odontologie Université Cheick Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a set of peri-articular conditions that result mainly in pain and functional discomfort. They represent a major occupational health problem in all areas of activity. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of MSDs among street vendors in the city of Bangui in the Central African Republic (CAR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 01 to October 31, 2021 in Bangui, the capital of CAR. The study population consisted of street vendors which were included at the entrance of 4 large markets of Bangui after giving informed consent. The sample size, calculated according to the Schwartz formula, was 384. Sociodemographic data (age, gender, level of education, marital status), professional data (the duration of sale in hours, the distance traveled per day);and health data (the health problems suffered by itinerant sellers and the means of dealing with them) were collected using a pre-established self-questionnaire. This collected data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: Among 384 street vendors included, women represented a quarter (24.9%). The average age was 27 years;the 25-34 age group was the most represented (50%). About two-thirds (64.8%) sold for at least 12 hours and traveled more than 10 km (69.3%) per day. The main health problems reported by street vendors were musculoskeletal disorders (95.8%). Their locations concerned the upper limbs shoulder 65.36% (251), elbow 24.22% (93). Non-ergonomic postures that stress the back and joints all day long, causing pain are risk factors for MSDs. These MSDs were treated by self-medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (22.0%), mainly sold on the street. Conclusion: MSDs dominated the health problems of street vendors. These problems raise the need for recognition and support for these workers to optimize their performance while preserving their health through awareness and

关键词： Street Vendors Musculoskeletal Disorders Ergonomy Self-Medication Central African Republic

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Performance Assessment of a Box Type Solar Cooker Using Jatropha Oil as a Heat Storage Material

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第2期14卷 124-132页

作者： Jacques Nébié Sidiki Zongo Guy C. Tubreoumya augustin S. Zongo Ilyassé Konkobo Boubou Bagré Ali Diané Tizane Daho Serges W. Igo Belkacem Zeghmati Antoine Béré laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (lPCE) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Energie Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (lAMPS) Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France

Solar cookers are a good option in developing countries with high solar potential for environmentally friendly cooking and reduced pressure on forests. However, they are still affected by the intermittency of the sun. In order to overcome this problem, in this work, a box type solar cooker integrated Jatropha oil as a heat storage material is fabricated and experimented with. The design was examined with a maximum stagnation temperature of 157.7°C. The recorded cooking power vanished between 78.4 and 103.6 W, while thermal efficiency varied from 41.26% to 58.78%. The energy transfer cycle test, including charge and discharge revealed that 91.18% of the heat lost through the cooker could be recovered by the heat storage unit and a large amount is restored to the system during cloudiness or a temperature perturbation.

关键词： Solar Cooker Kapok Wool Performance Heat Storage Jatropha Oil

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Testicular Seminoma and Peritonitis about One Case at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Urology 2015年第12期5卷 220-223页

作者： Nayi Zongo Moussa Bazongo Mamadou Windsouri Mousa Kaboré Edgar Ouangré Maurice Zida Aimé Sosthène Ouédraogo Aboubacar Hirrhum Bambara augustin Tozoula Bambara Si Simon Traore Ahmadou Dem Division of General Surgery Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Pathologic Anatomy Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Oncology Institue Joliot Curie Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Testicular seminoma is a highly lymphophilic germ cell tumor. It is the most common germ cell tumor in young adults. We are reporting one case of testicular seminoma complicated with an acute generalized peritonitis (AGP), in order to describe the circumstances of diagnosis and discuss about treatment. Observation: It involved a 39-year-old patient, admitted for vague abdominal pains that were evolving since 72 hours with a history of right orchiectomy because of testicular seminoma in 2011. The analysis revealed a peritoneal syndrome, a right inguinal lymphadenopathy of 10 cm diameter and an empty right scrotum. The exploration revealed fistulized necrotic retro-peritoneal lymphadenopathies in the peritoneal cavity and ileal perforation on contact with these lymphadenopathies. Necrosectomy and ileal resections were performed. After the operation, the scanner revealed a conglomeration of retro-peritoneal adenomegalies extending to the right femoral region associated with bilateral pleurisy. The β-HCG and the lDH were 8000 IU/l and 24,500 IU/l, respectively. The seminoma was ranked T3N3M1. The immediate post-operative care was uneventful. The patient was lost from sight for a month and was readmitted in a context of alteration of his general condition. He died before the end of the pre-chemotherapeutic assessment. Conclusion: Scrotal mass is the usual way of revelation of testicular seminoma. In poorly followed-up cases, exceptional complications such as peritonitis may occur and are direct consequences of poor prognosis.

关键词： Seminoma Testicle Peritonitis Treatment Prognosis

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Diversity and Importance of Benin’s Forests and Agroforestry Systems Woody Species in Mortars and Pestles Manufacture

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Open Journal of Forestry（林学期刊） 2023年第1期

作者： Menson Richard Somanin Baba Kayodé Eben-Ezer Ewedje Akossibe Ismaël Batcho Ezin Paul Ogan augustin Orou Matilo Cossi Aristide Adomou Hounnakpon Yedomonhan

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Diagenetic and Geochemical Study of Sediments from the Cretaceous Basin of Babouri-Figuil (North-Cameroon)

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International Journal of Geosciences（地球科学国际期刊） 2021年第4期

作者： augustin Désiré Balla Ondoa Alexis Nyangono Abolo léopold Ekengele Nga Appolinaire Tograne Simon Ngos III Elvine Paternie Edjengte Doumo Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa

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