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Detection of the Production of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase, New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase and Oxacillinase-48-Type Carbapenemases by Gram-Negative Bacilli in Resource-Limited Setting

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第10期11卷 579-590页

作者： Cecile Okalla Ebongue Gabin Gaël simo Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Grace Dalle Ngondi Emmanuel Roddy Mengue Guy Pascal Ngaba Dieudonne Adiogo Laboratory of Clinical Biology General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala Cameroon Laboratory Unit Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Laboratory Unit Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon

Background: The increasing resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics is a worldwide public health issue. Carbapenems that have elicited great hope in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant germs have seen their efficacy narrowed over time with the emergence of other novel resistance mechanisms, notably the production of Carbapenemases. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in Douala (Cameroon) to detect carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Isolated strains were identified using the Vitek2TM system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on agar plates with 20 selected commercially available antibiotic discs. The bacterial strains were tested for the production of three Carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM, KPC), using an immuno-chromatographic technique, with the “RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SeT” rapid detection kit. Results: During the study period, 1687 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in selected laboratories with a total of 200 multi-resistant strains identified (11.9%). Among the multi-resistant strains, E. coli was the species most represented in Enterobacteriaceae (27.5%) followed by K. pneumoniae (15.5%) and the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly P. aeruginosa (20.5%). These strains mainly came from urine and pus, i.e. 41% and 32% respectively. Thirty-two (16%) strains produced one of the Carbapenemases with a higher frequency at the General Hospital (84%). NDM-type carbapenemase was the most frequently identified (8.5%), OXA-48 type 7.5%, and no KPC production was observed. Among the Enterobacteriaceae 22.9% produced Carbapenemases and only 5.1% of the non-fermenting bacilli produced these enzymes. The isolates strains were completely resistant to all antibiotics except Amikacin and Fosfomycin. The strains producing the NDM-type carbapenemase

关键词： Carbapenemases Gram-Negative Bacilli Multidrug-Resistance Cameroon

A Contrastive Study of Anaphora in English and Chinese

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Journal of Educational Theory and Management 2020年第1期4卷 13-22页

作者： simo Jia Shandong Women’s University JinanShandong250300China

Recently,there has been growing interest in the study on cohesion of texts,particularly in the aspect of anaphoric *** problem under discussion is within the scope of similar and different usages of anaphors in English and *** much work has been done,more studies need to be conducted to ascertain the convincingness of the *** essay will demonstrate language materials in real situation in English text and its Chinese translations to prove,explain and enrich the theories about the distinction of English and Chinese *** thesis for this essay is the contrastive study of anaphora between English and Chinese texts that is the dissimilarities of anaphora in these two language texts and discuss the reasons that caused these *** for arguments,four cases of Han’s Andersen’s fairy tales and their Chinese translations and one example from New Oxford Dictionary are selected for the *** methodology,quality analysis is *** in general,it is to compare and to contrast in the light of Halliday’s theory on *** way adopted is to compare broad wise,which means to list similarities and dissimilarities of things needed to be contrast--anaphora in English and Chinese texts,and then conducts further analysis on them with the theoretical *** aspect of detailed analysis,the author adopts the way of illustration,combining language phenomenon listed above with arguments.

关键词： Anaphoric reference English Chinese Similarities Differences

1945～2003年对波兰水体的法律规定和污水排放

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第2期36卷 210-218页

作者： Piotr Kowalik simo Laakkonen 高战朝（译）林宝法（校）波兰科学院院士赫尔辛基大学社会科学历史系研究人员不详

从整体上看,人们很少了解战后波罗的海地区水保护立法和污水排放的情况。本文介绍了波兰在20世纪,特别是1945～2003年的战后时期,利用法律工具控制污水排放方面所做的努力。本研究也试图评估国家主管机构如何应对关于战后时期都市和工... 详细信息

从整体上看,人们很少了解战后波罗的海地区水保护立法和污水排放的情况。本文介绍了波兰在20世纪,特别是1945～2003年的战后时期,利用法律工具控制污水排放方面所做的努力。本研究也试图评估国家主管机构如何应对关于战后时期都市和工业污水排放立法规定的变化。这勾画出波兰在社会主义制度期间以及其恢复独立后的主要变化。文章也简要讨论了波兰加入欧盟的意义。应用数学计算来说明这一时期法律规定的某些变化。

关键词：污水排放法律规定波兰水体社会主义制度数学计算水保护

Thermoluminescent microparticle thermal history sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 116-128页

作者： Joseph J.Talghader merlin L.Mah Eduardo G.Yukihara Adam C.Coleman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Physics Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

While there are innumerable devices that measure temperature,the nonvolatile measurement of thermal history is far more difficult,particularly for sensors embedded in extreme environments such as fires and *** this review,an extensive analysis is given of one such technology:thermoluminescent *** are transparent dielectrics with a large distribution of trap states that can store charge carriers over very long periods of *** their simplest form,the population of these traps is dictated by an Arrhenius expression,which is highly dependent on temperature.A particle with filled traps that is exposed to high temperatures over a short period of time will preferentially lose carriers in shallow *** depopulation leaves a signature on the particle luminescence,which can be used to determine the temperature and time of the thermal *** are prepared—many months in advance of a test,if desired—by exposure to deep ultraviolet,X-ray,beta,or gamma radiation,which fills the traps with charge *** can be extracted from one or more particles regardless of whether or not they are embedded in debris or other inert *** and analysis of the method is demonstrated using laboratory experiments with microheaters and high energy explosives in the *** is shown that the thermoluminescent materials LiF:Mg,Ti,MgB_(4)O_(7):Dy,Li,and CaSO_(4):Ce,Tb,among others,provide accurate measurements of temperature in the 200 to 500℃ range in a variety of high-explosive environments.

关键词： materials microparticles sensors thermoluminescence

HIV+ Status and Cervical Cancer: Cytological Aspects of Cervical Smear in Cameroon Setting

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第1期10卷 76-84页

作者： Essome Henri Engbang Jean Paul Ekono Michel Roger Nana Njamen Theophile Mve Koh Valere Boten merlin Tocki Toutou Grace Fewou Amadou Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: The early detection of precancerous lesions being very important for the preventive management of cervical cancer, we felt it was important to identify these lesions on potential backgrounds including HIV-positive (HIV+) women to suggest control strategies of cervical cancer in Cameroon. Objective: To determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to investigate the determinants of the HIV and cervical cancer association, and to make recommendations regarding cervical cancer screening in these patients of the city of Douala. Methodology: Our study was a case-control cross-sectional study from July 2017 to December 2017 (6 months) including 108 women among which 34 HIV+ matched with 74 HIV-. HIV serology was done using the complete HIV enzygnost test. Cervical smears for cytological lesions were fixed to the cyto-fixator and then stained by the Papanicolaou technique and read under an optical microscope. The cervical smear slides for viral excretion were fixed with a methanol-acetone mixture of equal volume;HPV testing was done by the indirect immune-peroxidase technique using P16 protein. The excretion of HSV type 1 & 2 was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using the Simplex Virus type 1 & 2 Rabbit anti-Herpes from DAKO (France). Results: The two groups of women were compared with the chi square test with a significance threshold of P 0.05. The average age was 40.07 with extremes of 21 and 71 years and a standard deviation of 9.99. Of the 34 HIV+ patients, 23 had an abnormal cervix compared to 36 cases of abnormal cervix among HIV- with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.006649). 12 cases of dysplasia were observed in the 34 HIV+ women and distributed as follows: 0% of mild dysplasia, 18.92% of moderate dysplasia and 13.51% of severe dysplasia. In HIV- women we detected 6 cases of dysplasia including 1.35% of mild dysplasia, 4.05% of moderate dysplasia a

关键词： HIV HPV Dysplasia Cervical Cancer

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永磁同步电机的二阶自抗扰控制仿真

新技术新工艺 2020年第2期 33-37页

作者：王斯墨北方自动控制研究所

在永磁同步电机的控制中往往使用矢量控制系统,其包括电流环、转速环和位置环等3种反馈调节。传统控制方案为PID控制,通过调节其参数改善控制效果。但当扰动存在且比较大时,PID的控制效果往往不佳。在系统中使用二阶自抗扰(Sencond-orde... 详细信息

在永磁同步电机的控制中往往使用矢量控制系统,其包括电流环、转速环和位置环等3种反馈调节。传统控制方案为PID控制,通过调节其参数改善控制效果。但当扰动存在且比较大时,PID的控制效果往往不佳。在系统中使用二阶自抗扰(Sencond-order Active Disturbance Rejection Controller,ADRC)控制器代替转速环反馈。永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的二阶ADRC控制器可以提高系统鲁棒性,仿真结果同样支持这一结论。

关键词：二阶自抗扰控制永磁同步电机鲁棒性稳定性负载扰动矢量控制

Triterpenoids and Semisynthetic Derivatives with Antimicrobial Activities from the Leaves of <i>Caloncoba glauca</i>(Flacourtiaceae)

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2021年第4期11卷 149-164页

作者： James D. simo Mpetga Arno R. Nanfack Donfack Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou Irene Chinda Kengne Pierre Tane Xiao-Jiang Hao Mathieu Tene Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract from the leaves of C. glauca yielded nine known triterpenoids (1-9) belonging to the cycloartane and friedelane series. Two of these compounds namely glaucartanoic acid A (1) and 3β,21β-dihydroxy-30-nor-(D:A)-friedoolean-20(29)-en-27-oic acid (5) were subjected to chemical derivatizations and afforded five new derivatives: diacetylglaucartanoic acid A (1a), 24-acetylglaucartanoic acid A (1b), glaucartanoic acid A methyl ester (1c), 24-methoxyglaucartanoic acid A methyl ester (1d), and 3β,21β-diacetoxy-30-nor-(D:A)-friedoolean-20(29)-en-27-oic acid (5a

Magmatism of the Beka Volcanic Massifs (Cameroon Volcanic Line, West-Central Africa): New Petrographical and Mineralogical Data

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第7期10卷 198-228页

作者： Jacques Dili-Rake Sahabo Aboubakar Abdoulaye Joseph Legrand Tchop merlin Isidore Teitchou Christian Mana Bouba Oumarou Faarouk Nkouandou Daouda Dawaï Eddy Ferdinand Mbossi Research Centre for Geophysics and Volcanology Institute of Geological and Mining Research Buea Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Centrer for geological and Mining Research Institute of Geological and Mining Research Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The Beka volcanic massifs are located northeast of Ngaoundere region, within the Adamawa plateau. It consists mainly of basanites, trachytes and phonolites. The petrographic study shows that all the basanite lavas have porphyritic microlitic textures with a more pronounced magmatic fluidity than the felsic lavas displaying trachytic textures. The lavas are composed of phenocrysts, microlites and microphenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and iron-titanium oxides for the basanites and of greenish clinopyroxene, alkali feldspar, and titanomagnetite for the felsic lavas. Chemical microprobe analysis indicates that the olivine crystals are magnesian (Fo73-78). Clinopyroxene crystals have a composition of diopside (Wo47-) in the basaltic lavas and diopside near the hedenbergite pole in the trachytes phonoliths and titanomagnetite (TiO2: 21.13% - 22.36% and FeO: 68% - 68%). Chemical analyses on whole rocks show that all the lavas belong to the same series and the felsic lavas come from the differentiation of basanite lavas by fractional crystallization of the minerals therein. The basanites originate from a low rate of partial melting of an OIB-type mantle. Contamination and mixing processes are suspected. Lavas of similar composition are found in other volcanic centres of the Adamawa plateau and the continental and oceanic sectors of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, in particular the Kapsiki plateau, Mounts Cameroon and Bamenda.

关键词： Cameroon Volcanic Line Adamawa Plateau Beka Volcanic Massif Fractional Crystallization OIB-Type Mantle

非实行行为的实行行为化分析——以《刑法修正案(九)》为例

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保定学院学报 2017年第5期30卷 84-89页

作者：刘司墨北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院北京100875

随着社会的快速发展,民众所面临的风险呈现出递增趋势,这些风险转化为现实后所造成的危害结果是难以估量的。因而,适度运用刑法手段将致使风险发生的非实行行为予以实行行为化,合理地调控刑法的适用范围,一定程度上能够有效管控风险,并... 详细信息

随着社会的快速发展,民众所面临的风险呈现出递增趋势,这些风险转化为现实后所造成的危害结果是难以估量的。因而,适度运用刑法手段将致使风险发生的非实行行为予以实行行为化,合理地调控刑法的适用范围,一定程度上能够有效管控风险,并将风险的危害性降到最低。《刑法修正案(九)》坚持问题导向和宽严相济的刑事政策,扩大犯罪圈,对恐怖主义犯罪和网络犯罪进行严厉打击,将非实行行为予以犯罪化。同时,立法者应坚持适度犯罪化,对相关的恐怖活动犯罪和危害网络安全犯罪给予严格限定。

关键词：非实行行为实行行为化恐怖主义犯罪网络犯罪