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Alternative industrial carbon emissions benchmark based on input-output analysis

Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 731-739页

作者： mengyao han Xi JI Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chineses Academy of Sciences Beijing 100871 China College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Economics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Some problems exist in the current carbon emissions benchmark setting systems. The primary con- sideration for industrial carbon emissions standards highly relate to direct carbon emissions （power-related emissions） and only a portion of indirect emissions are considered in the current carbon emissions accounting processes. This practice is insufficient and may cause double counting to some extent due to mixed emission sources. To better integrate and quantify direct and indirect carbon emissions, an embodied industrial carbon emissions benchmark setting method is proposed to guide the establishment of carbon emissions benchmarks based on input-output analysis. This method attempts to link direct carbon emissions with inter-industrial economic exchanges and systematically quantifies carbon emissions embodied in total product delivery chains. The purpose of this study is to design a practical new set of embodied intensity-based benchmarks for both direct and indirect carbon emissions. Beijing, at the first level of carbon emissions trading pilot schemes in China, plays a significant role in the establish- ment of these schemes and is chosen as an example in this study. The newly proposed method tends to relate emissions directly to each responsibility in a practical way through the measurement of complex production and supply chains and reduce carbon emissions from their original sources. This method is expected to be developed under uncertain internal and external contexts and is further expected to be generalized to guide the establish- ment of industrial benchmarks for carbon emissions trading schemes in China and other countries.

关键词： emissions trading scheme benchmarking,carbon emissions input-output analysis

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Pathways to peak carbon emissions in China by 2030: An analysis in relation to the economic growth rate

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1057-1072页

作者： Weidong LIU Wanbei JIANG Zhipeng TANG mengyao han Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

With less than ten years left to meet its pledge to peak carbon dioxide emissions(peak emissions hereafter) by 2030,China has entered a critical emissions reduction stage. How to meet this commitment in a context in which GDP per capita will double from 2020 by 2035 is a major decision-making issue for the Chinese government and people and one which warrants further study. To reveal the relationships between the GDP growth rate, the rate of decrease of carbon intensity and the time to reach peak emissions, this study translates the question as to “when China's carbon emissions peak will occur” into “how can one control the rate of carbon intensity decrease at a given GDP growth rate”. In the light of the results of a random forest algorithm used to identify and project the key drivers of carbon intensity in China, a mathematical model was developed to simulate different scenarios relating to decreases in carbon intensity. The date at which Chinese carbon emissions will peak is predicted by comparing the rate of decrease of carbon intensity with the GDP growth rate. The results show that the time to peak emissions depends on the relationship between the rate of decrease of carbon intensity and the GDP growth rate, where the former depends mainly on the energy structure and policy. If China's annual GDP growth rate were 5.0% during the 15th Five-Year Plan, and if the share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption were 23.0% or above, China's carbon emissions will peak before2030. If the share of non-fossil fuels were 20.0% or less, China might not be able to reach its 2030 target. In this latter case an acceleration in the pace of energy restructuring would be required to reach peak emissions before 2030. The projected peak emissions scenarios suggest that the carbon peak will occur between 2025 to 2029, with average peak emissions of 11.2 billion tons and a distribution ranging from a minimum of 10.5 billion and a maximum of 11.9 billion tons. If the GDP grow

关键词： Carbon emissions Carbon emissions peak Carbon intensity Energy structure GDP growth rate

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China’s intra-and inter-national carbon emission transfers by province:A nested network perspective

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第6期63卷 852-864页

作者： mengyao han Qiuhui YAO Junming LAO Zhipeng TANG Weidong LIU Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Civil and Resource Engineering School University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Since China carries an increasingly significant responsibility in carbon emission reduction,a systematic assessment from the multi-scale and multi-regional perspective is essential to examine the region-specific carbon emissions and different kinds of carbon transfer *** identifying carbon emission flows among 31 domestic provincial administrative regions and 184 foreign countries/economies,this work examines the domestic and foreign carbon emission flows of Chinese provinces/municipalities based on the intra-and inter-national ***,the provinces and municipalities in China are divided into 4 patterns according to carbon emission flows,among which inland provinces mainly engage in domestic carbon emission transfers,western regions generally receive carbon emissions with main carbon outflows in northeastern and central provinces,and coastal regions play an essential role in balancing carbon emission surpluses and deficits between domestic and foreign *** different sub-regions in China,recognizing carbon emission transfer relations contributes to the synergetic and sustainable regional development from a tele-connected *** the nested network analysis,the multi-scale and multiregional assessments focusing upon China’s provinces and municipalities extend the existing research to both national and global scales,providing a solid foundation for sustainable regional development in China.

关键词： Embodied carbon emission Multi-scale&multi-regional Nested network Input-output analysis

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Local-scale systems input-output analysis of embodied water for the Beijing economy in 2007

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 414-426页

作者： mengyao han Shan GUO Hui CHEN Xi JI Jiashuo LI College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 999077 China Guangdong Huianhengda Management Consulting Co. Ltd Guangzhou 510080 China School of Economics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Using the most detailed and recent statistics available for Beijing, a local-scale embodiment analysis on water use was conducted, employing a systems input- output analysis that integrates economic systems with natural resources data. Systems analysis for water research at the local scale is a crucial part of a systems oriented water accounting framework. To our knowledge, however, related works have not been thoroughly conducted. In this paper, a set of embodied water intensity inventory data is presented, which is applicable to both intermediate input and final demand. Also, detailed analyses of Beijing＇s embodied water use accounting are presented. The embodied water intensity of the. Water Production and Supply Industry Sector turns out to be the highest among the 42 sectors. For water embodied in final demand, the total amount is 3.48 km3, of which the water embodied in urban household consumption makes up nearly a half proportion. As a net virtual water importer, Beijing＇s water embodied in commodity trade totals 5.84× 10^8m3. As a result, in addition to improvements in technology and water use efficiency, adjustments in industrial structure and trade policies are algo of significant importance to water conservation efforts.

关键词： input-output analysis Beijing embodiedwater intensity virtual water trade

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Multi-Scale GHG Emission Relations in Resource-Based Heavy Industrial Cities: A Case Study of Tangshan City, Hebei Province

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2021年第4期9卷 74-98页

作者： han mengyao JIANG Chuan LIU Siyuan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan University Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control Yanshan University Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science (Ministry of Education of China)Yanshan University

The greenhouse gas(GHG) emission pressure faced by resource-based heavy industrial cities was mainly induced by multi-scale interactions, which require systematical assessments from local,regional, national and global scales. Taking Tangshan city, a heavy industry base in Hebei Province of China, as the research area, this study carried out a multi-scale analysis on the GHG emissions in terms of final demand, final consumption and trade balance. The main results are as follows:(1) The average embodied intensity of GHG emissions in Tangshan was 27.6 tons/10,000 CNY, of which 66.2% was caused by local inputs;(2) The secondary industry was the main source for the relatively high GHG emissions in Tangshan;(3) The GHG emissions embodied in final demand were 201.6 million tons, within which the proportion of fixed capital formation reached 59.4%;(4) As for the trade balance, Tangshan was a net exporter of embodied GHG emissions, with the total net outflows of 411.6 million tons. Depicting the GHG emission flows and sorting out the multiple GHG emission inventory would be helpful to identify the transformation pressure of resource-based heavy industry cities, which would be significant for the adjustments in industrial structures and policy optimization of energy saving and emissions reduction.

关键词： Resource-based heavy industry city embodied greenhouse gas emissions multi-scale input–output analysis

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Embodied exergy-based assessment of energy and resource consumption of buildings

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第1期8卷 150-162页

作者： Jing MENG Zhi LI Jiashuo LI Ling SHAO mengyao han Shan GUO College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

As an effective approach to achieve a more unified and scientific assessment, embodied exergy-based analysis is devised to assess the energy and resource consumption of buildings. A systematic accounting of the landmark buildings in E-town, Beijing is performed, on the basis of raw project data in the Bill of Quantities （BOQ） and the most recent embodied exergy intensities for the Chinese economy in 2007 with 135 industrial sectors. The embodied exergy of the engineering structure of the case buildings is quantified as 4.95E ＋ 14 J, corresponding to an intensity of 8.25E ＋ 09 J/m2 floor area. Total exergy of 51.9% and 28.8% are embodied in the steel and concrete inputs, respectively, due to the fact that the case buildings are structured of reinforced-concrete. The fossil fuel source （coal, crude oil, and natural gas） is predominant among four categories of natural resources （fossil fuel, biological, mineral, and environmental）, accounting for 89.9% of the embodied exergy, with coal as the dominant energy resource （75.5%）. The material accounts for 89.5% of the embodied exergy, in contrast to 9.0%, 1.4%, and 0.1% for manpower, energy, and equipment respectively. This result indicates that great attention should be given to the use of various materials vs. their value of their contribution

关键词： energy resources exergy analysis greenbuilding ecological assessment

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Embodied water analysis for Hebei Province, China by input-output modelling

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 72-85页

作者： Siyuan LIU mengyao han Xudong WU Xiaofang WU Zhi LI Xiaohua XIA Xi JI Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science Ministry of Education of China Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Economics Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China School of Economics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

With the accelerating coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, regional eco- nomic integration is recognized as a national strategy. As water scarcity places Hebei Province in a dilemma, it is of critical importance for Hebei Province to balance water resources as well as make full use of its unique advantages in the transition to sustainable development. To our knowledge, related embodied water accounting analysis has been conducted for Beijing and Tianjin, while similar works with the focus on Hebei are not found. In this paper, using the most complete and recent statistics available for Hebei Province, the embodied water use in Hebei Province is analyzed in detail. Based on input-output analysis, it presents a complete set of systems accounting framework for water resources. In addition, a database of embodied water intensity is proposed which is applicable to both intermediate inputs and final demand. The result suggests that the total amount of embodied water in final demand is 10.62 billion m3, of which the water embodied in urban household consumption accounts for more than half. As a net embodied water importer, the water embodied in the commodity trade in Hebei Province is 17.20 billion m3. The outcome of this work implies that it is particularly urgent to adjust industrial structure and trade policies for water conservation, to upgrade technology and to improve water utilization. As a result, to relieve water shortages in Hebei Province, it is of crucial importance to regulate the balance of water use within the province, thus balancing water distribution in the various industrial sectors.

关键词： input-output analysis Hebei Province embo-died water embodied water intensity

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Preparation and Characterization of Core-Shell MoSi_(2)@Nb Materials Sintered by SPS

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稀有金属材料与工程 2024年第11期53卷 3053-3063页

作者： Luo Jiajun Quan Ciwang Zhang Jianjun Chen Shuixiang Zhang Xitong han mengyao Liang Bingliang Chen Weihua School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Surface Technology of Aeronautical Materials Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China

Core-shell MoSi_(2)@Nb powder was prepared by electrostatic layer self-assembly *** surfactants SDS(CHSO_(4)Na)and CTAB(C_(19)H_(42)BrN)were used to modify the surface of the two particles to make them charged,and the Zeta potential of the suspension was tested by the Zeta *** electron microscope,transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to characterize the phase,morphology,microstructure and element distribution of synthetic *** results show that when the SDS concentration is 2 mmol/L,the CTAB concentration is 3mmol/L and the pH value of Nb suspension is 5,the coating effect is better after secondary ***_(2)phase is found at the interface between Nb and MoSi_(2)after calcination at 200℃ for 2 h in Ar atmosphere,indicating that Nb is highly active and reacts with ***-shell structure is still retained in MoSi_(2)@Nb material after spark plasma sintering at 1450℃ for 2 h under uniaxial pressure of 40 ***,it is found that Nb reacts strongly with MoSi_(2),and most of the Nb phase is *** issue needs to be addressed in subsequent *** fracture toughness(K_(IC))of MoSi_(2)@Nb material is significantly improved to 5.75 MPa·m^(0.5)compared with that of MoSi_(2)material(3.32 MPa·m^(0.5)).

关键词： core-shell structure electrostatic layer self-assembly spark plasma sintering fracture toughness

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A cell marker-based clustering strategy(cmCluster)for precise cell type identification of scRNA-seq data

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Quantitative Biology 2023年第2期11卷 163-174页

作者： Yuwei Huang Huidan Chang Xiaoyi Chen Jiayue Meng mengyao han Tao Huang Liyun Yuan Guoqing Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Bio-Med Big Data CenterShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of ScienceShanghai 200031China Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000China

Background:The precise and efficient analysis of single-cell transcriptome data provides powerful support for studying the diversity of cell functions at the single-cell *** most important and challenging steps are cell clustering and recognition of cell *** the precision of clustering and annotation are considered separately in most current studies,it is worth attempting to develop an extensive and flexible strategy to balance clustering accuracy and biological explanation ***:The cell marker-based clustering strategy(cmCluster),which is a modified Louvain clustering method,aims to search the optimal clusters through genetic algorithm(GA)and grid search based on the cell type annotation ***:By applying cmCluster on a set of single-cell transcriptome data,the results showed that it was beneficial for the recognition of cell populations and explanation of biological function even on the occasion of incomplete cell type information or multiple data *** addition,cmCluster also produced clear boundaries and appropriate subtypes with potential marker *** relevant code is available in GitHub website(huangyuwei301/cmCluster).Conclusions:We speculate that cmCluster provides researchers effective screening strategies to improve the accuracy of subsequent biological analysis,reduce artificial bias,and facilitate the comparison and analysis of multiple studies.

关键词： single-cell RNA-seq clustering cell markers novel cell types

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全球风电产业链的贸易格局演变与风险传导模拟

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资源科学 2024年第9期46卷 1822-1835页

作者：李威龙韩梦瑶中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

【目的】日益复杂动荡的国际形势及频繁多变的贸易摩擦显著加剧了全球贸易中断风险,解析全球风电产业链的贸易演变特征与风险传导机制为网络韧性提升及外生风险防控提供了重要的借鉴参考。【方法】本文利用复杂网络方法刻画了2000—202... 详细信息

【目的】日益复杂动荡的国际形势及频繁多变的贸易摩擦显著加剧了全球贸易中断风险,解析全球风电产业链的贸易演变特征与风险传导机制为网络韧性提升及外生风险防控提供了重要的借鉴参考。【方法】本文利用复杂网络方法刻画了2000—2021年全球风电产业链的贸易格局演变特征,结合网络韧性检验测度了风电产业链中不同生产环节贸易网络的鲁棒性,基于级联失效模拟解析了不同国家(地区)的供应风险对风电产业链的影响程度。【结果】(1)全球风电产业链整体贸易规模不断扩大,国家(地区)之间的贸易联系日益密切,全球风电产业链网络复杂性呈上升趋势;(2)中国逐渐成为全球风电组件出口的主要节点,与众多国家(地区)建立了紧密的贸易联系,在全球风电产业链中扮演着日益重要的角色;(3)在塔筒和发电机贸易网络中,源自中国的供应风险对全球风电产业链的级联影响相对较大,而在叶片和齿轮箱贸易网络中,源自美国及德国的供应风险对全球风电产业链的级联影响相对较大。【结论】随着国际形势日益严峻及风电需求逐渐扩张,优化产业布局,加强技术创新,开拓新兴市场,对于系统性防范化解全球风电产业链的潜在风险具有启示意义及实践价值。

关键词：风电产业链贸易格局网络韧性供应链风险风险传导

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