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Effect of Shade on Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Minerals in Soybean lines Varying in Seed Germinability in the Early Soybean Production System

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 84-95页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui James R. Smith Anne M. Gillen Daniel K. Fisher Alemu mengistu 不详

The cause of poor seed quality (germination) of soybean produced in the Early Soybean Production System in the midsouth U.S.A. is still not completely understood. Temperature, solar radiation, and soybean genotype may all be important factors involved. The objective of this research was to evaluate seed composition, mineral level, and nitrogen assimilation in high and low germinability soybean plant introductions in a full-sunlight (unshaded) and a low-light intensity (shaded) environments. Shade netting was employed in field plots that reduced light intensity by about 50% and air temperature by about 10?F/6?C (10%). A two-year field experiment was conducted on soybean accessions with high germinability (PI 587982A and PI 603723), low germinability (PI 80480 and PI 84976-1), and on soybean cultivars (DSR-3100 RR STS and Pella 86). Results showed that shade resulted in higher total oil, linoleic and linolenic acids, and lower protein and oleic acid. Shade also resulted in lower nitrogen assimilation, leaf chlorophyll concentration, but unshade resulted in higher total seed boron, iron, and nitrogen concentrations. Seed structural boron was positively correlated with germination and protein. Structural boron percentage was consistently higher under shade than under unshade in PI 80480, PI 84976-1, DSR-3100 RR STS, and Pella 86, but consistently higher under unshade than under shade in higher germinability lines PI 587982A and PI 603723, suggesting that different distribution mechanisms of structural boron exist between genotypes. The positive correlation between germination and structural B and between protein and structural B signify a possible role of B in seed quality traits. Our research demonstrated that light intensity, combined with temperature, can alter seed constituents. Higher germinability lines had higher germination rates and lower percentages of hardseededness, desirable traits for soybean seed.

关键词： Comp Nitrogen Assimilation Seed Composition Seed Nutrition Seed Oil Seed Protein Soybean Nutrition

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Influence of Planting Date on Seed Protein, Oil, Sugars, Minerals, and Nitrogen Metabolism in Soybean under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Environments

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第5期2卷 702-715页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui Krishna N. Reddy Anne M. Gillen Daniel K. Fisher Alemu mengistu 不详

Information on the effect of planting date and irrigation on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition in the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS) is deficient, and what is available is inconclusive. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of planting date on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and minerals in soybean grown under irrigated (I) and non-irrigated (NI) conditions. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in Stoneville, MS in 2007 and 2008. Soybean was planted during second week of April (early planting) and second week of May (late planting) each year. Results showed that under irrigated condition, early planting increased seed oil (up to 16% increase) and oleic acid (up to 22.8% increase), but decreased protein (up to 6.6% decrease), linoleic (up to 10.9% decrease) and linolenic acids (up to 27.7% decrease) compared to late planting. Under I conditions, late planting resulted in higher sucrose and raffinose and lower stachyose compared with early planting. Under NI conditions, seed of early planting had higher protein (up to 4% increase) and oleic acid (up to 25% increase) and lower oil (up to10.8% decrease) and linolenic acids (up to 13% decrease) than those of late planting. Under NI, stachyose concentration was higher than sucrose or raffinose, especially in early planting. Under I, early planting resulted in lower leaf and seed B, Fe, and P concentrations compared with those of late planting. Under NI, however, early planting resulted in higher accumulation of leaf B and P, but lower seed B and P compared with those of late planting. This research demonstrated that both irrigation and planting date have a significant influence on seed protein, oil, unsaturated fatty acids, and sugars. Our results suggest that seed of late planting accumulate more B, P, and Fe than those of early planting, and this could be a beneficial gain. Limited translocation of nutrients from leaves to seed under NI is undesirable. Soybean pro

关键词： Mineral Nutrition Oligosaccharides Raffinose Stachyose Seed Composition Sucrose

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Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibrils and Nanocrystals from Corn Silk

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2018年第5期35卷 357-360页

作者： YANG Xue JIANG Shuai YU Jianyong LIU Lifang College of Textiles Donghua University The Key Lab of Textile Science &Technology Ministry of EducationDonghua University Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology Donghua University

For the value-added utilization of discarded agricultural wastes,corn silk( CS) obtained abundantly in the farming field has been tested as a new source of cellulosic materials. Cellulose microfibril( CMF) and cellulose nanocrystal( CNC) were isolated from CS by ethanol and alkali pretreatments,and acid *** characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy( SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR),X-ray diffraction( XRD), thermogravimetric analysis( TGA) and transmission electron microscopy( TEM). After chemical pretreatments,the lignin,hemicelluloses and other non-structural components were removed. The degree of crystallinity and thermal stability of CMF and CNC were increased compared to raw CS. The crystallinity indexes of CS,CMF and CNC were 45. 90%,65. 77%,and 73. 75% respectively. The CNC was flat and rod like shape with diameter and aspect ratio range of 13. 96-33. 69 nm and 34. 34-23. 02 nm respectively. The nanocrystals had an alternative potential to be used as reinforcing filler for bio-nanocomposites preparation.

关键词： agricultural waste corn silk(CS) cellulose microfibril(CMF) cellulose nanocrystal(CNC) new cellulose source

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Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 976-988页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui Xinhua Yin Alemu mengistu Angela M. McClure Don D. Tyler Krishna N. Reddy Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Jackson USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA. Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science The University of Tennessee Jackson USA Department of Plant Sciences The University of Tennessee Jackson USA Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee Jackson USA

Previous research has shown that the effect of potassium fertilizer on soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones) is still largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium application on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones under Midsouth environmental conditions. A three-year experiment was conducted in two locations (Milan, TN and Jackson, TN). Potassium (K) rates were applied in the form of K2O at a rate of 0 (Control, C), 45 (T1), 90 (T2), 134 (T3), and 179 (T4) kg·ha-1 in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that increasing the K application rate did not result in consistent effects on yield. However, increasing K application rate did increase protein, oleic acid, and individual and total isoflavone concentrations at both locations in 2008 and 2009. In Jackson in 2010, the increase of K rate did not change oleic acid, but resulted in an increase in glycitein and genistein isoflavone concentrations. In 2010, increasing K application rate increased protein concentrations, decreased individual and total isoflavones, and did not change oleic acid concentration at Milan. At the highest rate of K, 179 kg·ha-1, yield and some seed composition constituents were negatively impacted. Generally, K concentration in leaves at V5, R1, R3, and seed at harvest maturity stage (R8) increased with the increase of K rate applications. The research demonstrated that K application can alter seed composition, but this alteration depended on location, environmental stress factors, mainly heat and drought, K level in soil, and K application rate. Higher rates of K application may negatively impact seed composition constituents.

关键词： Fatty Acids Isoflavones Oil Oleic Acid Potassium Fertilizer Protein Seed Composition

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Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Beef from Arsi, Borana and Harar Cattle Breeds in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 139-156页

作者： Timketa Dagne Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu mengistu Urgea Leta Travis Gene O’Quinn Jessie L. Vipham Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

This study was conducted to determine proximate composition and profile of fatty acid of beef from Arsi, Borana and Harar Cattle breeds in Ethiopia. A total of 39 bulls with three age categories were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from mixed crop livestock system (Arsi and Harar cattle breeds) and Ranch (Borana cattle breed). Complete randomized design was used for the study. Longissimus dorsi muscle was used to evaluate proximate composition and profile of fatty acid. The result of the study indicated that mean of percentage of dry matter, ash, crude fat and crude protein were ranging 22.43 - 24.26, 0.32 - 1.28, 4.32 - 7.88, 17.21 - 22.76, respectively. At age younger than 3 years, Harar bulls contain more crude fat compared to Arsi bulls while the vice versa was true for crude protein. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher than saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the three breeds studied across all age categories. However, significantly higher (P 0.01) PUFA and lowest (P

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Eating Quality of Beef from Arsi, Borana, and Harar Cattle Breed, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 255-268页

作者： Timketa Dagne Tefera Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu mengistu Urge Leta Travis Gene O’Quinn Jessie L. Vipham Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objective of this study was to evaluate the eating qualities of Arsi, Borana, and Harar Cattle breeds in Ethiopia. A total of 39 bulls with age categories of - 6, and 7 - 9 years were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from mixed crop-livestock systems (Arsi and Harar) and Ranch (Borana) and slaughtered to evaluate the eating quality. WBSF device was used to evaluate instrumental tenderness while sensory panel testing was used to evaluate sensory tenderness, juiciness and flavor. The color of the meat was evaluated using Hunter Lab Mini Scan EZ while water holding capacity was evaluated using filter papers. A complete randomized design was used for the study. Breed significantly affected (P 0.0001) instrumental tenderness with beef from Harar and Boran bulls were very tender (18.55 ± 5.34, 20.34 ± 4.06N, respectively) while beef from Arsi bulls intermediate in tenderness (40.60 ± 0.51N). Beef from all age group of Harar and Boran breeds were

关键词： Beef Tenderness Juiciness Flavor Color

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Retraction Note:Tree species diversity predicts aboveground carbon storage through functional diversity and functional dominance in the dry evergreen Afromontane forest of Hararghe highland,Southeast Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 588-588页

作者： mengistu Teshome Wondimu Zebene Asfaw Nigussie Muktar Mohammed Yusuf Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Oda Bultum UniversityChiroEthiopia

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article as it contains material that substantially overlaps with the following article(Mensah et al.2016).mengistu Teshome Wondimu does not agree to this *** Asfaw Nigussie and M... 详细信息

关键词： forest evergreen aboveground

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Effect of Increased Nitrogen Application Rates and Environment on Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Minerals in Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i>) Seed Grown under Mississippi Delta Conditions

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1115-1135页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui Hamed K. Abbas M. Wayne Ebelhar Alemu mengistu Michael J. Mulvaney Cesare Accinelli W. Thomas Shier USDA Agricultural Research Service Crop Genetics Research Unit Stoneville MS USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Crop Genetics Research Unit Jackson TN USA Agronomy Department West Florida Research and Education Center University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Information on the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and environment on sesame seed composition and nutrition is scarce. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on sesame seed yield, protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral nutrition. A two-year (2014, 2015) field experiment was conducted. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate) solution (UAN, 32% N) was applied by side dressing to four sesame varieties (S-34, S-35, S-38, S-39) at rates of 44.7, 67.2, 89.6 and 112.0 kg·ha-1. Rate of 44.7 kg·ha-1 was used as control since this rate is traditionally recommended in the region. Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015. Increased protein and oleic acid were accompanied by lower total oil and linoleic acid. Increased nitrogen application also resulted in higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35, but either a decline or no clear change was observed in seed levels of these nutrients in S-38 and S-39. In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, and higher S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in some varieties. A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn. A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid. Thus, increased nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in higher seed protein, oleic acid, and some mineral nutrients, but lower oil and linoleic acid. However, this effect depended on variety and environmental conditions. Because higher protein and oleic acid are desirable traits for sesame seed nutritional value and oil stability, regional breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response.

关键词： Sesame Varieties Nitrogen Application Seed Protein and Oil Seed Fatty Acids Seed Mineral Nutrition

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Effect of Age and Breeds of Cattle on Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Arsi, Boran, and Harar Cattle in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 367-383页

作者： Timketa Dagne Tefera Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu mengistu Urge Letta Travis G. O’Quine Jessie L. Vipham Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age and breed of cattle on carcass and meat characteristics in Ethiopia. A total of 39 (Arsi 11, Boran 14 and Harar 14) cattle breeds with age categories of <3, 4 - 6, and 7 - 9 years were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from their respective production system of mixed crop livestock system (Arsi and Harar) and Ranch (Boran). Parameters such as live and carcass weight, meat yield percent, fat characteristics, and primal beef cuts were evaluated. Complete randomized design was used for the study. The live weight of bulls at <3, 4 - 6 and 7 - 9 years ranged 135 - 183, 167 - 181, and 155 - 433 kg, respectively. The carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat yield percent, forequarter, hindquarter, rib eye area, and fat thickness ranged 57 - 209.73 kg, 41.8% - 51.6%, 32% - 58%, 11.7 - 56.42 kg, 14.04 - 45.34 kg, 4.78 - 10.25 square inches and 0.18 - 0.38 inches, respectively. At an early age category (<3 years) meat yield percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar breeds were 50.86, 30 and 18.72, respectively, and as age category shifted from one age category to the next Harar increased by 13× and Boran by 2.9× and Arsi decreased by -0.93×. The mean rib percentage of Arsi, Boran and Harar were in the range of 7.98 - 9.57, 8.62 - 10.44 and 7.08 - 8.83, respectively. Breed and age of bulls had significantly affected primal meat cuts. Meat yield was predicted from live and hot carcass weight with coefficient determination (R2) of 70.66% and 74.75%, respectively. From the study, it was concluded that age and breeds of cattle had significantly influence on carcass and meat characteristics. Therefore, to determine whether variations were due to genetic or environmental cause’s evaluation of the three breeds under similar feeding condition was recommended.

关键词： Breed Age Carcass Meat Yield Percent Fat Characteristics

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Milk Market Performances and Cofounding Factors along Milk Value Chain in Pastoral Area:A Case of Borana Pastoralists,Borana Zone,Ethiopia

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2021年第1期3卷 36-40页

作者： Dirriba mengistu Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agricultural Research Center YabelloEthiopia

The study was conducted in Borana zone with the objectives understanding the milk market performance and challenges along the value *** primary data was collected from 123 households that drawn proportionally following multistage sampling based randomly selected ***,relevant information was collected from different sectors besides relevant literature ***,Focused Group Discussions,key informant interview and visual observations were also undertaken to collect the primary *** the course of data collection,different set of checklists were used for different groups of actors to guide survey data collection,group discussions and key informant *** study found that input supply,natural calamity,marketing system,declining of livestock productivity,infrastructure and hygiene are among the major challenges along the dairy value *** all,the dominance of value chain actors by pastoralists coupled with fragmented milk marketing system was the critical factors that stunted the milk market system in the study *** a result,the performance of milk value chain is fragmented and ***,the supply of milk to the market become meager even though the milk selling practices have been ***,the dilution of pure drought resistant Borana cattle called“Qorti”is at its critical level of its extinction which challenges the milk ***,it is important to enhance the milk marketing,encouraging milk supply and improving milk productivity.

关键词： Challenge Milk Market Value chain Pastoral Rangeland

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