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略论唐代宰相制度

史学集刊 2025年第1期 88-97页

作者：孟宪实中国人民大学历史学院北京100872

在中国古代政治制度史中,宰相制度无疑是一个重要课题。众所周知,在讨论中国的皇帝制度时,有一个重要的观点是讨论“君权”与“相权”的斗争,而君权的不断增长、相权的不断被削弱,正是君主专制持续发展的重要途径。事实上,各个时期的宰... 详细信息

在中国古代政治制度史中,宰相制度无疑是一个重要课题。众所周知,在讨论中国的皇帝制度时,有一个重要的观点是讨论“君权”与“相权”的斗争,而君权的不断增长、相权的不断被削弱,正是君主专制持续发展的重要途径。事实上,各个时期的宰相制度既有变迁,又各具特色,从每个朝代的宰相制度是否能够得出君主专制获得发展的结论,显然是需要具体论证的。唐代宰相制度的研究,通常是在三省制的背景下展开的,而唐代的宰相制度也有自己的发展变化。唐代宰相制度经过三个历史时期,政事堂时期是兼职宰相时期,中书门下时期是专职宰相时期。自唐后期至北宋,是首相制时期。唐代宰相制度的变化,是不是君相斗争的结果?而从兼职宰相到专职宰相再到首相制,宰相的职权明显是处在加强的进程中,按照君相斗争的习惯思路,难道是君主在君相斗争中败下阵来?恐怕不能得出这样的结论。此外,唐宋历史的关系,向来有“唐宋变革论”,强调唐宋之别,但从宰相制度来看,唐宋历史的联系性似乎更突出。

关键词：唐代政事堂中书门下首相制

Testing High-Dimensional Nonparametric Behrens-Fisher Problem

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2022年第3期35卷 1098-1115页

作者： meng Zhen LI Na yuan Ao Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biostatistics Bioinformatics and BiomathematicsGeorgetown UniversityWashington 20057USA

For high-dimensional nonparametric Behrens-Fisher problem in which the data dimension is larger than the sample size,the authors propose two test statistics in which one is U-statistic Rankbased Test(URT)and another is Cauchy Combination Test(CCT).CCT is analogous to the maximumtype test,while URT takes into account the sum of squares of differences of ranked samples in different dimensions,which is free of shapes of distributions and robust to *** asymptotic distribution of URT is derived and the closed form for calculating the statistical significance of CCT is *** simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite sample power performance of the statistics by comparing with the existing *** simulation results show that our URT is robust and powerful method,meanwhile,its practicability and effectiveness can be illustrated by an application to the gene expression data.

关键词： Cauchy combination test nonparametric Behrens-Fisher problem rank-based test U-statistic

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Service composition based on discrete particle swarm optimization in military organization cloud cooperation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2016年第3期27卷 590-601页

作者： An Zhang Haiyang Sun Zhili tang yuan yuan School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University

This paper addresses the problem of service composition in military organization cloud cooperation（MOCC）. Military service providers（MSP） cooperate together to provide military resources for military service users（MSU）. A group of atom services, each of which has its level of quality of service（QoS）, can be combined together into a certain structure to form a composite service. Since there are a large number of atom services having the same function, the atom service is selected to participate in the composite service so as to fulfill users＇ will. In this paper a method based on discrete particle swarm optimization（DPSO） is proposed to tackle this problem. The method aims at selecting atom services from service repositories to constitute the composite service, satisfying the MSU＇s requirement on QoS. Since the QoS criteria include location-aware criteria and location-independent criteria, this method aims to get the composite service with the highest location-aware criteria and the best-match location-independent criteria. Simulations show that the DPSO has a better performance compared with the standard particle swarm optimization（PSO） and genetic algorithm（GA）.

关键词： service composition cloud cooperation discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO)

Adapting Nanotech Research as Nano-Micro Hybrids Approach Biological Complexity,A Review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第5期32卷 387-401页

作者： Sascha Vongehr Shaochun tang Xiangkang meng Institute of Materials Engineering National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University

Today＇s emergence of nano-micro hybrid structures with almost biological complexity is of fundamental interest. Our ability to adapt intelligently to the challenges has ramifications all the way from fundamentally changing research itself, over applications critical to future survival, to posing globally existential dangers. Touching on specific issues such as how complexity relates to the catalytic prowess of multi-metal compounds, we discuss the increasingly urgent issues in nanotechnology also very generally and guided by the motto ＇Bio Is Nature＇s Nanotech＇. Technology belongs to macro-evolution; for example integration with artificial intelligence （AI） is inevitable. Darwinian adaptation manifests as integration of complexity, and awareness of this helps in developing adaptable research methods that can find use across a wide range of research. The second half of this work reviews a diverse range of projects which all benefited from ＇playful＇ programming aimed at dealing with complexity. The main purpose of reviewing them is to show how such projects benefit from and fit in with the general, philosophical approach, proving the relevance of the ＇big picture＇ where it is usually disregarded.

关键词： Complex hybrid structures Catalysis Macro-evolution Optimization Image analysis Simulation Statistical analysis Error analysis Critique of technology

Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Bimetallic CobaltPalladium Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity towards Formic Acid Electro-oxidation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第1期31卷 30-36页

作者： Nanting Li Shaochun tang Xiangkang meng Institute of Materials Engineering National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing University

In this work,we report the growth of uniformly dispersed bimetallic cobalt-palladium nanoparticles(NPs) on reduced graphene oxide(RGO) nanosheets to prepare CoPd-RGO composites via a two-step procedure,where firstly formed Co NPs are used as seeds for the subsequent growth of *** generation of Co NPs on RGO is performed by an in-situ reduction reaction with the reducer ethylene glycol under oil bath at180 ℃.According to composition,size and microstructure analyses,NPs in the resulting CoPd-RGO have an average particle size of 5 nm,and Pd is added to one side of Co NPs,thus forming Co-Pd bimetallic *** involved formation mechanism is *** composite is used as an electro-catalyst for the formic acid oxidation in alkaline electrolyte,and the catalytic performance is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry *** results show that the composite has the highest electrocatalytic activity,the best electrochemical stability and the highest resistance to CO poisoning than those of the monometallic composite and commercial Pd black at the same *** is due not only to the small size of NPs with Co-Pd bimetallic interfaces providing more active atoms accessible for reactants,but also to the electric synergistic effect between metals and graphene.

关键词： Composite materials Nanoparticles Electric propert

TWO-STAGE FOURTH-ORDER ACCURATE TIME DISCRETIZATIONS FOR 1D AND 2D SPECIAL RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMICS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第5期38卷 768-796页

作者： Yuhuan yuan Huazhong tang Center for Applied Physics and Technology HEDPSand LMAMSchool of Mathematical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

This paper studies the two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretization[*** and ***,SIAM ***.,38(2016)]and its application to the special relativistic hydrodynamical *** analysis reveals that the new two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretizations can be *** the aid of the direct Eulerian GRP(generalized Riemann problem)methods and the analytical resolution of the local“quasi 1D”GRP,the two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretizations are successfully implemented for the 1D and 2D special relativistic hydrodynamical *** numerical experiments demonstrate the performance and accuracy as well as robustness of our schemes.

关键词： Time discretization Shock-capturing scheme GRP method Relativistic hydrodynamics Hyperbolic conservation laws

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基于语料库的中外药企英文简介对比研究

语言与文化研究

语言与文化研究 2025年第1期33卷 33-36页

作者：唐瑞娟高远合肥职业技术学院基础教育学院合肥230012

以国外十家知名药企英文简介和中国十家知名药企英文简介为主要研究内容,提取简介概述部分的内容自建语料库,部分对比研究借助语料库工具Antconc3.5.9,尝试从中外药企英文简介概述部分的文本内容、高频词表、词汇密度、简介药企形象构... 详细信息

以国外十家知名药企英文简介和中国十家知名药企英文简介为主要研究内容,提取简介概述部分的内容自建语料库,部分对比研究借助语料库工具Antconc3.5.9,尝试从中外药企英文简介概述部分的文本内容、高频词表、词汇密度、简介药企形象构成维度和要素以及文化差异方面对中外药企的英文简介作对比分析,归纳总结中外药企英文简介的共性和差异,提出应对的建议,以期进一步优化中国药企英文简介。

关键词：简介概述高频词表词汇密度企业形象的构成维度和要素文化差异

On Regularity of Incompressible Fluid with Shear Dependent Viscosity

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2012年第5期33卷 673-680页

作者： Hongjun yuan Qiu meng Institute of Mathematics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

The authors consider a non-Newtonian fluid governed by equations with p-structure in a cubic domain.A fluid is said to be shear thinning(or pseudo-plastic) if 1 *** case p > 2 is considered in this *** improve the regularity results obtained by Crispo,it is shown that the secondorder derivatives of the velocity and the first-order derivative of the pressure belong to suitable spaces,by appealing to anisotropic Sobolev embeddings.

关键词： Non-Newtonian fluid Regularity Shear dependent viscosity

The Strong Solution for the Viscous Polytropic Fluids with Non-Newtonian Potential

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第2期40卷 237-250页

作者： Qiu meng Hongjun yuan Institute of Mathematics and Statistics Beihua University Institute of Mathematics Jilin University

The authors study an initial boundary value problem for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of viscous heat-conductive fluids with non-Newtonian potential in a bounded smooth domain. They prove the existence of unique local strong solutions for all initial data satisfying some compatibility conditions. The difficult of this type model is mainly that the equations are coupled with elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic, and the vacuum of density causes also much trouble, that is, the initial density need not be positive and may vanish in an open set.

关键词： Compressible Navier-Stokes equations Viscous polytropic fluids Vacuum Poincare type inequality Non-Newtonian potential