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环境与职业医学 2015年第3期32卷 284-287,F0004页

作者： Daniel Krewski Margit Westphal melvin e.andersen Gregory M.Paoli Weihsueh A.Chiu Mustafa Al-Zoughool Maxine C.Croteau Lyle D.Burgoon Ila Cote 王晓宇张伊人汪源金泰廙 McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada Risk Sciences International Ottawa Ontario Canada Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA National Center for environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC USA 不详

[目的]2011年,美国环境保护署启动了Nex Gen项目,为下一代的风险科学建立了新的模式。[方法]Nex Gen框架建立于三个基石之上:由于基础生物学和毒理学的重要进展,人们获得了有关毒性通路的新数据;从人群健康角度来看,大多数的不良健康结... 详细信息

[目的]2011年,美国环境保护署启动了Nex Gen项目,为下一代的风险科学建立了新的模式。[方法]Nex Gen框架建立于三个基石之上:由于基础生物学和毒理学的重要进展,人们获得了有关毒性通路的新数据;从人群健康角度来看,大多数的不良健康结局均涉及数种影响因素;重新关注新型风险评估方法,以期更好地为风险管理决策提供信息。[结果]Nex Gen框架分为三个阶段:第一阶段(目标)重点关注问题的提出和范围,将风险背景和风险管理决策可选方案纳入考虑范畴;第二阶段(风险评估)旨在运用新的毒性检测工具和技术确定关键的毒理学通路的扰动,以及采用先进的风险评估方法去更好地描述风险及其不确定性;第三阶段(风险管理)包括采用合理的风险管理决策原则,发展符合法律规范、经济效益、合理建议、以社区为基础或高技术含量的循证人群健康风险管理策略。[结论]对一系列案例研究原型的分析表明,实践中已开始采用Nex Gen框架的诸多方面。

关键词：风险管理决策科学人群健康评估方法环境保护署基础生物学社区为基础影响因素

Suspect and non-targeted screening of chemical pollutants in Botswana's aquatic environments

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emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 363-373页

作者： Kgato P.Selwe Charlotte R.Head Gothatamang N.Phokedi Jens e.T.andersen J.Brett Sallach Caroline e.H.Dessent Department of Chemistry University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUnited Kingdom Department of environment and Geography University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUnited Kingdom Department of Biology University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyBotswana

Chemical pollution in the aquatic systems of Botswana has been sparsely studied despite its potential ecological ***,we perform a study of water samples collected from 13 locations distributed across Botswana to obtain the first overview of the nature and distribution of chemical contaminants across the country's aquatic *** resolution mass spectrometry was applied using nontargeted and suspect screening methods to qualitatively analyse samples.A total of 114 contaminants of emerging concern(CeCs)were identified including 68(59.6%)pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites;16(14.2%)pesticides;13(11.4%)psychoactive compounds and metabolites;11(9.7%)industrial chemicals and intermediates and lastly,5(4.4%)personal care ***,3,4-dimethylmethcathinone,and diazolidinyl urea represented the most commonly detected pharmaceutical,psychoactive drug and personal care product,*** pesticide dodemorph and three industrial chemicals(stearamide,pthalic acid and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate)were detected in all samples obtained.90 CeCs were detected in receiving water(from 7 sample locations),75 in wastewater(from 3 sample locations)and 60 in surface water(from 9 sample locations).Of the compounds detected,only 8 had been identified in environmental samples acquired in Botswana *** discuss the variations in the nature and frequency of chemical pollutants detected in this work in a geographical *** results indicate that Botswana's aquatic systems are subject to pollution,despite wastewater treatment and that in order to mitigate potentially harmful effects on both human and aquatic ecosystems,more investigations are required to correctly identify,track and tackle the sources of pollution.

关键词： emerging contaminants Chemical pollution Water analysis Pharmaceuticals LC-HRMS/MS

Translational initiatives in thrombolytic therapy

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Frontiers of Medicine 2017年第1期11卷 1-19页

作者： melvin e. Klegerman Department of lnWrnal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Houston TX 77054 USA

Once thrombi have formed as part of the pathology defining myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, deep venous thrombosis or other embolic disorders, the only clinically meaningful thrombolytic agents available for reversing the thrombogenic process are various plasminogen activators. These agents are enzymes that reverse fibrin polymerization underlying the coagulation process by converting endogenous plasminogen to plasmin, which cleaves the fibrin network to form increasingly smaller protein fragments, a process known as fibrinolysis. For the most part, the major clinically used thrombolytics, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase and streptokinase, as well as the experimentally investigated agent staphylokinase, are the products of recombinant DNA technology, which permits molecular optimization of clinical efficacy. In all cases of molecular optimization and targeting, however, the primary challenge of thrombolytic therapy remains hemorrhagic side effects, which are especially devastating when they occur intracerebrally. Currently, the best strategy to ameliorate this adverse effect is nanoparticulate encapsulation or complexation, and many strategies of this sort are being actively pursued. This review summarizes the variety of targeted and untargeted thrombolytic formulations that have been investigated in preclinical studies.

关键词： thrombolytics nanomedicine plasminogen activators

Developing in vitro test methodologies sufficient for chemical safety assessments in the 21 st century

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Developing in vitro test methodologies sufficient for chemic...

The Bamble Sector,South Norway:A review

中国毒理学会第六届全国毒理学大会

作者： melvin e.andersen Chief Science Officer The Hamner Institutes for Health SciencesResearch Triangle Park

The past 50 years witnessed steadily increasing pressures to reduce animal testing in assessing the safety of chemicals and ***,the major concerns were ethical due to the large numbers of animals used in these *** european Union(eU) has maintained this strong emphasis on ethics,enacting reduction/elimination of animals for much toxicity testing into *** North America, there was a realization that a regulatory system layering in-life study on in-life study was costly,expensive and slow:there were too many chemicals requiring testing and too few resources to get the testing *** US environmental Protection Agency(ePA) proactively developed plans for increased use of computational and molecular/cellular technologies in their computational toxicology framework paper in 2004.A US National Academy of Sciences(NAS) committee in 2007 then recommended a new testing strategy that would require only in vitro test *** past 5 to 6 years has seen the completion of early phases of high throughput(HT) screening,appearance of new methods for comparing in vitro bioactivity results with anticipated human exposures,and a flurry of activity-research,scientific meetings, and product commercialization-to hasten change from in life *** talk emphasizes a group of initiatives to make in vitro test results sufficient for safety assessment and notes some of the looming challenges. The US ePA’s ToxCast efforts on HT-screening,HT-exposure assessment with evolving tools for HT-provisional risk assessment has provided data sets to ignite a broad debate on the future of these *** genomic approaches support both dose response and identification of modes of action of *** tools may permit a transitional tiered-approach,triaging out many chemicals before moving to in life *** Hamner,we are pursuing case studies of compounds with known modes of action in order to develop the full suite of tools necessary for safety assessment

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 635-658页

作者： Timo G.Nijland Daniel e.Harlov Tom andersen TNO P.O.Box 49.2600 AA Delft.The Netherlands GeoForschungsZentrum Telegrafenberg14473 Potsdam.Germany Department of Geology.University of Johannesburg P.O.Box 524.Auckland Park 2006.South Africa Department of Geosciences.University of Oslo P.O.Box 1047.Blindern.0316 Oslo Norway

The Proterozoic Bamble Sector, South Norway, is one of the world＇s classic amphiboliteto granulite- facies transition zones. It is characterized by a well-developed isograd sequence, with isolated ＇granulite-facies islands＇ in the amphibolite-facies portion of the transition zone. The area is notable for the discovery of C02-dominated fluid inclusions in the granolite-facies rocks by Jacques Touter in the late 1960＇s, which triggered discussion of the role of carbonic fluids during granulite genesis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the Bamble Sector, with an emphasis on the Arendal-Froland-Nelaug-Tvedestrand area and off shore islands （most prominantly Tromay and Hisoy） where the transition zone is best developed. After a brief overview of the history of geological research and mining in the area, aspects of sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic petrology of the Bamble Sector are discussed, including the role of fluids. Issues relevant to current geotectonic models for SW Scandinavia, directly related to the Bamble Sector, are discussed at the end of the review.

关键词： Bamble SectorSouth NorwayCharnockiteAmphibolire- ro granulire-facies transitionCO2BrinesPrecambrian

Interactive effects of reproductive assets and ambient predation risk on the threat-sensitive decisions of Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 221-226页

作者： Jemma KATWAROO-andersen Chris K. eLVIDGe Indar RAMNARINe Grant e. BROWN Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada Department of Life Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Threat-sensitive behavioral trade-offs allow prey animals to balance the conflicting demands of successful predator detection and avoidance and a suite of fitness-related activities such as forag- ing, mating, and territorial defense. Here, we test the hypothesis that background predation level and reproductive status interact to determine the form and intensity of threat-sensitive behavioral decisions of wild-caught female Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata. Gravid and nongravid gup- pies collected from high- and low-predation pressure populations were exposed to serial dilutions of conspecific chemical alarm cues. Our results demonstrate that there was ＇no effect of reproduct- ive status on the response of females originating from a low-predation population, with both gravid and nongravid guppies exhibiting strong anti-predator responses to the lowest concentration of alarm cues tested. Increasing cue concentrations did not result in increases in response intensity. Conversely, we found a significant effect of reproductive status among guppies from a high- predation population. Nongravid females from the high-predation population exhibited a strong graded （proportional） response to increasing concentrations of alarm cue. Gravid females from the same high-predation population, however, shifted to a nongraded response. Together, these re- sults demonstrate that accrued reproductive assets influence the threat-sensitive behavioral deci- sions of prey, but only under conditions of high-ambient predation risk.

关键词： asset protection antipredator behavior fitness trade-offs ecological uncertainty chemical alarm cues.

Subtraction hemiarthoplasty in basal joint arthritis: A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第8期10卷 304-309页

作者： Henrik Constantin B?cker Christina e Freibott melvin Paul Rosenwasser Department of Orthopedic Surgery New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center

BACKGROUND Basal joint arthritis is a common disease which is especially present in postmenopausal women. A variety of procedures have been described once conservative treatment has failed. The purpose of our study is to present a novel surgical technique based on a clinical case with three-year follow-up which is highly effective, even after failure of previous procedures. CASe SUMMARY We present a case of a 39 year-old-woman who suffered from recurring, persistent, sharp left thumb pain for several years After two operative procedures, she presented again with intolerable, sharp pain over the trapeziometacarpal joint, and wished to proceed with a pain relieving procedure or arthroplasty. Intraoperatively, the articular surfaces appeared well, without any bare areas of bone or eburnation, resulting in the decision to perform a “subtraction hemiarthroplasty”. A shortening osteotomy of the os trapezium was performed by removing a slice of 8-9 mm bone, without damaging the joint cartilages. The osteotomy was stabilized using two screws, the ligament and capsular tissue was suture imbricated, and a cut down on the translation and a dorsal radial ligament reconstruction were performed. Three years after the final procedure, a long-term follow-up demonstrates excellent results, pain free with full range-of-motion. CONCLUSION Subtraction hemiarthroplasty with ligament tightening imbrication and reconstruction of the radial ligament led to excellent results in motion and pain.

关键词： Basal joint Arthritis Trapeziometacarpal Subtraction hemiarthroplasty Carpometacarpal joint Thumb Case report

Linking monitoring and modelling for river basin management:Danish experience with combating nutrient loadings to the aquatic environment from point and non-point sources

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3335-3347页

作者： KRONVANG Brian WINDOLF JФrgen GRANT Ruth andersen Hans e THODSeN Hans OVeSeN Niels B LARSeN SФren e National environmental Research Institute Aarhus University VejlsФvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark

Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus monitoring data point sources non-point sources models Action Plans Danish experience

Biomechanics of posterior shoulder instability-current knowledge and literature review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第11期9卷 245-254页

作者： Henrik Constantin B?cker Samuel e Galle Mauro Maniglio melvin Paul Rosenwasser Department of Orthopedic Surgery New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center Department of Orthopedics HFR Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg

Posterior instability of the shoulder is a rare condition and represents about 10% of shoulder instability. It has become more frequently recognized in the last year,even though it is more difficult to diagnose than anterior shoulder instability. As this form of shoulder pathology is somewhat rare,biomechanical knowledge is limited. The purpose of our study was to perform an extensive literature search,including PubMed and Medline,and to give an overview of the current knowledge on the biomechanics of posterior shoulder instability. The Pub Med/Medline databases were utilized,and all articles related to posterior shoulder instability and biomechanics were included to form a comprehensive compilation of current knowledge. A total of 93 articles were deemed relevant according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. As expected with any newly acknowledged pathology,biomechanical studies on posterior shoulder instability remain limited in the literature. Current biomechanical models are performed in a static manner,which limits their translation for explaining a dynamic pathology. Newer models should incorporate dynamic stabiliza-tion of both the rotator cuff and scapulothoracic joint. There is a current lack of knowledge with regards to the pathomechanism of posterior shoulder instability,with no consensus on appropriate treatment regimens. Further investigation is therefore required at both basic science and clinical levels.

关键词： Posterior shoulder instability Anatomy Shoulder complex Scapula Humerus Glenohumeral