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Controls of strike-slip fault on fractures:Insight from 3D discrete element simulation

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 146-164页

作者： Lianbo ZENG Zhe MAO Guoping LIU He TIAN Yingtao YAO Kewei ZU Shaoqun DONG mehdi ostadhassan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Exploration and Development Research Institute Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch CompanySINOPECZhengzhou 457001China Northeast Petroleum University Daqing 163318China

The fracture-cave reservoirs controlled by strike-slip faults are the main targets for oil and gas exploration of ultradeep carbonate in the Tarim *** is of great significance to clarify the distribution rules of fractures related to strike-slip faults for guiding the exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and *** this study,six groups of strike-slip fault 3D models based on discrete element numerical simulation method have been created to investigate characteristics of fault-related fracture development and distribution *** addition,we compared the modeling results to the measurement of fractures from the outcrop of a strike-slip fault in the Northern Tarim Basin to verify their *** results show that the stress environment is stable in the simple strike-slip section,and fractures intersecting with the strike-slip direction at a small angle are the principal *** the releasing stepover and double-bend sections,the maximum principal stress changes from horizontal to vertical during the formation of pull-apart zones,where the principal fractures intersect the strike-slip direction at a large *** maximum principal stress in the restraining stepover and double-bend section remains horizontal,but their strikes change significantly with the increment of fault ***,fractures intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures early on,while those parallel to or anti-intersecting the strike-slip direction at a small angle will become principal fractures *** are obvious differences in the development of fractures in different structural positions of strike-slip *** are mainly concentrated in the fault tips,connections,and fault plane,and the magnitude of the fault damage zone is relatively larger in the first *** with fault displacement,the principal damage zone(PDZ)shows stronger control on the distribution and development intensity of *** the in

关键词： Strike-slip fault Fault-related fracture Stepover Double-bend Discrete element method

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走滑断层对裂缝分布的控制——来自离散元数值模拟的启示

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第1期54卷 152-171页

作者：曾联波毛哲刘国平田鹤姚迎涛祖克威董少群 mehdi ostadhassan 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京102249 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京102249 北京大学能源学院北京100871 中国石化中原油田分公司勘探开发研究院郑州457001 东北石油大学大庆163318

走滑断层控制的缝洞储层是塔里木盆地超深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探的主要对象,走滑断层相关裂缝分布规律对指导超深层油气勘探开发具有重要意义.本文利用离散元数值模拟方法,对6组不同排列和活动方式的走滑断层相关裂缝发育规律进行了研究,... 详细信息

走滑断层控制的缝洞储层是塔里木盆地超深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探的主要对象,走滑断层相关裂缝分布规律对指导超深层油气勘探开发具有重要意义.本文利用离散元数值模拟方法,对6组不同排列和活动方式的走滑断层相关裂缝发育规律进行了研究,并与塔里木盆地北部地表露头区走滑断层实测结果进行了对比验证.走滑断层的纯走滑段应力分布稳定,其最大主应力保持水平,且方位不变,形成的优势裂缝走向与断层面呈小角度斜交.当走滑断层的叠接段或转折段为拉分区时,其最大主应力方位由水平变为垂直,形成的优势裂缝走向与断面大角度斜交.当走滑断层的叠接段或转折段为挤压区时,其最大主应力保持水平,但应力方位随断距增加而发生明显偏转.因而在走滑断层活动早期,主要发育与走滑断层呈小角度斜交的优势裂缝;在走滑断层活动后期,主要发育与主断面平行或者反向小角度相交的裂缝.在走滑断层的不同构造部位,裂缝发育程度存在明显差异.在走滑断层端部、连接部位和主断层面处裂缝相对发育,且前两者裂缝分布范围明显大于后者.相对于走滑断层的位移量,走滑断层的主位移带对裂缝发育的影响更大.在主位移带形成之前,走滑断层相关裂缝发育带宽度和裂缝密度随位移量的增加而快速增大,而在主位移带形成之后其增速显著降低.由于主位移带在拉分区和纯走滑段形成的时间要远早于挤压区,挤压区在主位移带形成之前吸收的应变量更大,因而挤压区裂缝最发育,其次是拉分区和纯走滑段.本文研究结果有助于认识不同排列和活动方式走滑断层相关裂缝发育规律.

关键词：走滑断层天然裂缝断层转折断层叠接主位移带离散元方法

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A cost-effective chemo-thermo-poroelastic wellbore stability model for mud weight design during drilling through shale formations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 768-779页

作者： Saeed Rafieepour Siavash Zamiran mehdi ostadhassan University of Tulsa TulsaOKUSA Southern Illinois University Carbondale CarbondaleILUSA University of North Dakota Grand ForksNDUSA

Drilling through chemically-active shale formations is of special importance due to time-dependent drilling fluideshale *** physical models presented so far include sophisticated input parameters,requiring advanced experimental facilities,which are costly and in most cases *** this paper,sufficiently-accurate,yet highly practical,models are presented containing parameters easilyderived from well-known data *** ion diffusivity coefficient,the chemical potential was formulated based on the functionality of water activity to solute concentration for common solute species in *** reflection coefficient and solute diffusion coefficient within shale membrane were predicted and compared with experimental *** thermally-induced fluid flow,a model was utilized to predict thermo-osmosis coefficient based on the energy of hydrogen-bond that attained a reasonably-accurate estimation from petrophysical data,***,specific surface area(SSA),and cation exchange capacity(CEC).The coupled chemo-thermo-poroelastic governing equations were developed and solved using an implicit finite difference ***-Coulomb failure criterion was adopted for mud weight required to avoid compressive shear failure and a tensile cut-off failure index for mud weight required to prevent tensile *** showed a close agreement between the suggested model and experimental data from pressure transmission *** from a numerical example for a vertical wellbore indicated that failure in shale formations was time-dependent and a failure at wellbore wall after 85 min of mudeshale interactions was *** was concluded that instability might not firstly occur at wellbore wall as most of the conventional elastic models predict;perhaps it occurs at other points inside the *** effect of the temperature gradient between wellbore and formation on limits of mud window confirmed that the upper limit was more sensitive to the

关键词： Chemo-thermo-poroelastic wellbore stability Shaleefluid interaction Chemo-osmosis Thermo-osmosis

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The application of Gaussian distribution deconvolution method to separate the overlapping signals in the 2D NMR map

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1513-1520页

作者： Kou-Qi Liu Zheng-Chen Zhang mehdi ostadhassan Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBejing100871China Instituteof Gscienes Marineand Land Gmechanics and GeoeconicsChiian Abrech-Universitat KielGmay Department of Geology Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashadIran

The 2D NMR(T_(1)-T_(2))mapping technique,which can be used to separate different proton populations from various sources(hydroxyls,solid organic matter,free water,and free HC)has gained attention in petroleum *** separate proton contributions,a fixed straight line is commonly employed to separate different regions representing proton sources on the ***,some of these regions(Region 1 and 2)might overlap which makes extracting the NMR signal amplitude from these regions *** order to solve this issue,in this study,we applied the Gaussian distribution deconvolution method to separate the T_(1)and T_(2)relaxation distributions and then derived the signal amplitude of each region instead of following the common fixed line ***,we employed this method to analyze several shale samples from the literature and compared the results following both methods to verify our ***,samples from the Bakken Shale were studied to separate signals from Region 1 and Region 2 and corelated the results with geochemical properties that were obtained from programmed(Rock Eval)*** demonstrated an improvement in their relation when our approach is employed compared to the fixed line technique to differentiate signal from overlapping *** means the Gaussian distribution deconvolution method can be used with confidence to provide us with more accurate petrophysical and geochemical understanding of complex formations.

关键词： 2D NMR Signal amplitude Gaussian distribution Shale formations

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Nanopore structure comparison between shale oil and shale gas:examples from the Bakken and Longmaxi Formations

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Petroleum Science 2019年第1期16卷 77-93页

作者： Kouqi Liu Liang Wang mehdi ostadhassan Jie Zou Bailey Bubach Reza Rezaee Department of Petroleum Engineering University of North Dakota State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin University

In order to analyze and compare the differences in pore structures between shale gas and shale oil formations, a few samples from the Longmaxi and Bakken Formations were collected and studied using X-ray diffraction, LECO TOC measurement, gas adsorption and field-emission scanning electron microscope. The results show that samples from the Bakken Formation have a higher TOC than those from the Longmaxi Formation. The Longmaxi Formation has higher micropore volume and larger micropore surface area and exhibited a smaller average distribution of microsize pores compared to the Bakken Formation. Both formations have similar meso-macropore volume. The Longmaxi Formation has a much larger meso-macropore surface area, which is corresponding to a smaller average meso-macropore size. CO_2 adsorption data processing shows that the pore size of the majority of the micropores in the samples from the Longmaxi Formation is less than 1 nm, while the pore size of the most of the micropores in the samples from the Bakken Formation is larger than 1 nm. Both formations have the same number of pore clusters in the 2–20 nm range, but the Bakken Formation has two additional pore size groups with mean pore size diameters larger than 20 nm. Multifractal analysis of pore size distribution curves that was derived from gas adsorption indicates that the samples from the Longmaxi Formation have more significant micropore heterogeneity and less meso-macropore heterogeneity. Abundant micropores as well as mesomacropores exist in the organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation, while the organic matter of the Bakken Formation hosts mainly micropores.

关键词： Shale gas Shale oil - Pore structure Gas adsorption Pore family Multifractal analysis

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Temporal variations in geochemistry of hydraulic fracturing fluid and flowback water in a tight oil reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3013-3021页

作者： Jie Tian Liang Wang Li-Pin Ni Li-Wei Mou Shu-Te Su mehdi ostadhassan College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina Geological Research Institute CNPC LoggingXi'an710000ShaanxiChina Exploration and Development Research Institute Xinjiang Oilfield BranchPetroChinaKaramay834000XinjiangChina Institute of Geosciences Marine and Land Geomechanics and GeotectonicsChristian-Albrechts Universit€atKiel24118Germany

Hydraulic fracturing facilitates the development and exploitation of unconventional *** this study,the injected hydraulic fracturing fluid(HFF)and flowback and produced water(FPW)in tight oil reservoirs of the Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin are temporally sampled from day 1 to day *** is used for fracturing,and HFF is *** chemical and isotopic parameters(including the water type,total salinity,total dissolved solids(TDS),pH,concentrations of Na^(+),Cl^(-),Ba^(+),K^(+),Fe^(2+)+Fe^(3+),and CO_(3)^(2-),dD,and δ^(18)O)are experimentally obtained,and their variations with time are systematically analyzed based on the flowback *** results show that the water type,Na/Cl ratio,total salinity,and TDS of the FPW change periodically primarily due to the HFF mixing with formation water,thus causing δD and δ^(18)O to deviate from the meteoric water line of *** of watererock interaction(WRI),the concentrations of Fe^(2+)+Fe^(3+)and CO_(3)^(2-)of the FPW increase over time,with the solution pH becoming more ***,based on the significant changes observed in the geochemistry of the FPW,three separate time intervals of flowback time are identified:Stage Ⅰ(37 days),where the FPW is dominated by the chemistry of the formation *** methodology implemented in this study can provide critical support for the source identification of formation water.

关键词： Tight oil reservoirs Isotope Flowback and produced water(FPW) Inorganic ions Hydraulic fracturing fluid(HFF)

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A new framework for selection of representative samples for special core analysis

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Petroleum Research 2020年第3期5卷 210-226页

作者： Abouzar Mirzaei-Paiaman Seyed Reza Asadolahpour Hadi Saboorian-Jooybari Zhangxin Chen mehdi ostadhassan National Iranian South Oil Company(NISOC) Department of Petroleum EngineeringAhvazIran Now at State University of Campinas(UNICAMP) CampinasSPBrazil Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCanada Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum University

Special core analysis(SCAL)measurements play a noteworthy role in reservoir *** to the time-consuming and costly character of these measurements,routine core analysis(RCAL)data should be inspected thoroughly to select a representative subset of samples for *** are no comprehensive guidelines on how representative samples should be *** this study,a new framework is presented for selection of representative samples for *** foundation of this framework is using methods of PSRTI,FZI*(FZI-star)and TEM-function for the early estimation of petrophysical static,dynamic,and pseudo-static rock types at RCAL *** global hydraulic element(GHE)approach is benefitted and a FZI*-based GHE method(i.e.,GHE*)is presented for partitioning *** framework takes into consideration different laboratory,reservoir engineering,geological,petrophysical and statistical factors.A carbonate reservoir case is presented to support our *** also show that the current forms of Lorenz and Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plots in reservoir engineering are not appropriate,and present new forms of them.

关键词： RCAL SCAL Sample selection Rock typing TEM-Function

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Maceral evolution of lacustrine shale and its effects on the development of organic pores during low mature to high mature stage:A case study from the Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin,northeast China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2709-2725页

作者： Liu Wang Bo Liu Long-Hui Bai mehdi ostadhassan Thomas Gentzis Bo-Yang Wang Yi-Zhang Wang Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjiang163318China Accumulation and Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas State Key Laboratory Cultivation BaseNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjiang163318China Core Laboratories Reservoir Geology Group6316 Windfern RoadHoustonTX77040USA Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd DaqingHeilongjiang163712China

Organic matter(OM)hosted pores are crucial for the storage and migration of petroleum in shale *** maturity and macerals type are important factors controlling the development of pores *** this study,six lacustrine shale samples with different thermal maturities from the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,of which vitrinite reflectance(R_(o))ranging from 0.58% to 1.43%,were selected for a comparative *** electron microscopy(SEM)and reflected light microscopy were combined to investigate the development of organic pores in different macerals during thermal *** results show that alginite and liptodetrinite are the dominant primary macerals,followed by *** a few primary organic pores developed in the alginite at the lowest maturity(R_(o)=0.58%).As a result of petroleum generation,oil-prone macerals began to transform to initial-oil solid bitumen at the early oil window(R_(o)=0.73%)and shrinkage cracks were ***-oil solid bitumen cracked to oil,gas and post-oil bitumen by primary cracking(R_(o)=0.98%).Moreover,solid bitumen(SB)was found to be the dominant OM when R_(o)>0.98%,which indicates that SB is the product of oil-prone macerals *** secondary bubble pores were observed on SB,which formed by gas release,while devolatilization cracks developed on migrated ***,at the late oil window(Ro?1.16%),migrated SB filled the interparticle pore *** further increase in temperature,the liquid oil underwent secondary cracking into pyrobitumen and gas,and spongy pores developed on the pyrobitumen at higher levels of maturity(Ro=1.43%),which formed when pyrobitumen cracked into *** and inertinite are stable without any visible pores over the range of maturities,verifying their low petroleum generation *** addition,it was concluded that clay minerals could have a catalytic effect on the petroleum generation,which may explain why or

关键词： Lacustrine shale Maceral evolution Organic pores Scanning electron microscopy Reflected light microscopy

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Microstructural analysis of organic matter in shale by SAXS and WAXS methods

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Petroleum Science 2022年第3期19卷 979-989页

作者： Kou-Qi Liu Zhi-Jun Jin Lian-Bo Zeng Meng-Di Sun Bo Liu Ho Won Jang Majid Safaei-Farouji Mohammadreza Shokouhimer mehdi ostadhassan Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjiang 163318China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea School of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea Department of Geology Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran

Characterizing the kerogen-hosted pore structures is essential to understand the adsorption,transport and storage potential in organic-rich shale *** this paper,we first separated the organic matter(kerogen)from the mineral matrix in four different shale samples of the Bakken Formation with different thermal maturities and then analyzed their chemical compositions using the wide-angle X-ray scattering(WAXS)***,we acquired small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)to characterize the structure of the organic matter and see how these two will *** WAXS results showed that the isolated kerogens have high purity(free of inorganic minerals)and retain different chemical ***,SAXS analysis revealed that the isolated kerogens have similar radius of gyration(R_(g))which is around 90Åand the molecules are in the compact *** on the pore size distribution analysis from the SAXS data,two main peaks were found in all of these four samples with one peak less than 40Åand the other one larger than 1000Å.Also,the TEM images revealed that Sample 1 is abundant in pores with sizes around 20 nm while Sample 2 does not have pores of that size,which agrees with the results from the pore size distribution that was obtained from the SAXS ***,this study exhibits how different analytical instruments can provide us with useful information from complex structures of geomaterials.

关键词： Isolated kerogen Bakken shale SAXS WAXS Pore structures

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A new method for evaluating the oil mobility based on the relationship between pore structure and state of oil

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 432-449页

作者： Longhui Bai Bo Liu Xiaofei Fu Qinhong Hu Qiuli Huo Liu Wang Qiming Wang Li Fumehdi ostadhassan Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at ArlingtonTX 76019USA Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Research Institute of Exploration and Development of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing 163712China

An accurate evaluation of the shale oil mobility is crucial to its cost-effective *** study presents a method to assess shale oil mobility by integrating the pore structure and oil states ***,a set of three discrete organic extracts(EOM-A,B and C)were obtained by sequential *** relationships among the EOMs and the oil states were inferred from the group compositions and fluorescence properties of the produced shale oil(free state).The results showed that EOMs A and B represent free oil in the open and closed pores,respectively,while the EOM-C represents adsorbed ***,NMR T_(1)-T_(2)map is used to determine the T_(2-cutoff)values that indicate the pore size ranges of different oil *** oil resides mainly in larger pore space(T_(2)>0.5 ms),while the adsorbed oil in smaller pore space(0.2 ms0.5 and T_(2-cutoff)>1.0 ms suggest that the free oil in connected pores has the highest *** work can provide a reference for evaluating the shale oil potential and prospectivity in other regions.

关键词： Qingshankou Formation Sequential extraction NMR T_(1)-T_(2) Free and adsorbed oil Shale oil mobility

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