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Ecological and floristic study of Hirmi woodland vegetation in Tigray Region,Northern Ethiopia

Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 615-633页

作者： mehari girmay Tamrat Bekele Sebsebe Demissew Ermias Lulekal Ministry of Mining and Petroleum of Ethiopia P.O.Box 486Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 3434Addis AbabaEthiopia

The dryland area in Ethiopia covers a substantial region endowed with diverse plant ***,the landmass has received less attention even if it has high ecological,environmental,and economic *** present study was conducted in Hirmi woodland vegetation,which is one of the dryland areas in Ethiopia,with the objective of investigating the floristic composition,plant community types,vegetation structure,communityenvironment relations and its regeneration *** and environmental data were collected from 80 sampling plots with a size of 25 m×25 m designated as the main *** at breast height(DBH),height,basal area,density,vertical structure,importance value index(IVI),and frequency were *** diversity and evenness were analyzed using Shannon diversity and evenness *** plant community types and vegetation-environment relationships were analyzed using classification and ordination tools,respectively.A total of 171 vascular plant species belonging to 135 genera and 56 families were *** 5.3%of the species were endemic and near-endemic to *** highest number of species was recorded in families Fabaceae(16.4%)and Poaceae(11.7%)followed by Asteraceae(7.0%),Combretaceae,Lamiaceae,and Moraceae(3.5%each).Five plant communities were *** to the results from ordination analysis,the floristic composition of these plant communities was significantly affected by altitude,slope,sand,silt,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and *** vegetation structure reveals that a large number of individual species was categorized in the lower DBH,frequency,and height *** highest Shannon diversity index and evenness values of the study area were 4.21 and 0.95,*** leiocarpa,Combretum hartmannianum,Ziziphus mucronata,Terminalia macroptera,and Acacia polyacantha were the species with high *** endemic plants were in the IUCN red list categories of Ethiopia and *** o

关键词： Diversity Dryland Hirmi woodland Regeneration status Plant communities

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Tropical dry forest dynamics in the context of climate change:syntheses of drivers,gaps,and management perspectives

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 276-291页

作者： Zenebe girmay Siyum Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Pan African UniversityLife and Earth Sciences InstituteUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

This review attempts to synthesize the available literature on tropical dry forests and their dynamics in the context of climate change and thereby identifies possible gaps and priority areas for further research and management *** dry forests(TDFs)occur in dryland environments,which are characterized by prolonged periods of dry *** experience distinct seasonality and high inter-annual variability in climatic variables,particularly *** the enormous ecological and livelihood importance of TDFs,these forests are highly threatened by global *** far,they have received far less attention from research and development interventions as compared to the humid tropical *** significance is still overlooked in many countries’national *** modeling frameworks show that drought,precipitation,and temperature are highlighted as strong drivers of tree growth and/or mortality in these ***-valued and sustainably managed TDFs have the potential to contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation,buffer against erosion and desertification,and contribute to economic development,food security,and poverty *** suffer notable disregard from research and development ***,greater awareness and appropriate policies and investments are needed at various levels to counteract the increasing vulnerability of people,forest ecosystems,and species living in these fragile *** research is also needed to generate knowledge on the status and significances of TDFs and their responses in the face of the changing climate so as to bring their sustainable management to the attention of policymakers and managers.

关键词： Climate change Dry forests Forest management Livelihood resilience Threats

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Influences of rootstock and agro-climatic condition on physico-chemical and bioactive compounds of Gunda Gundo orange(Citrus sinensis ***)in the Northern Ethiopia

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2021年第6期7卷 509-519页

作者： Negash Aregay Derbew Belew Amanuel Zenebe Atkilt Grima Mitiku Haile girmay Gebresamuel Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelleP.O.Box 231Ethiopia Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences Mekelle UniversityMekelleP.O.Box 231Ethiopia Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences Jimma UniversityJimmaP.O.Box 307Ethiopi Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityMekelleP.O.Box 231Ethiopia

Rootstocks have a significant influence on adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and quality of ***,choice of rootstock for a specific growing region is an important decision for a grower to make when establishing a commercial citrus *** study was undertaken to assess effects of rootstock and location on quality of orange *** study was conducted over two consecutive years(2017/18 and 2018/19).Scions from the Gunda Gundo orange grove were grafted on rough lemon and sour orange rootstocks and planted in Tigray and Afar,Ethiopia at four sites(Abala,Agulae,Adiha and Rama).The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with four *** on different physico-chemical and bioactive compounds were collected and analyzed using R software(version 4).Compared to sour orange,rough lemon rootstock revealed higher fruit mass(151.96 g,195.38 g),fruit length(62.27 mm,68.88 mm)and fruit diameter(65.58 mm,71.3 mm),in 2017/18,2018/19,*** the four locations(Abala,Agulae,Adiha and Rama),higher juice percentage was found in Adiha(43.47%in 2017/18)and Abala(49.87%,in 2018/19).In 2017/18 higher total soluble solid(TSS,13.87%),TSS/acid ratio(19.18)and fruit rag(32.77%),were obtained at the Rama *** the one hand,higher vitamin C(826.6 mg·kg^(-1))and total phenolic content(208 mg·kg^(-1 )GAE)were recorded at Agulae than Abala,Adiha and Rama sites from sour orange *** TSS,TSS/acid ratio and antioxidant were recorded from orange fruits at Rama *** was expected to have resulted from hot climate conditions at the ***,at a relatively cooler condition of the Agulae site,high phenolic,reduced ferric power and high vitamin C were *** lemon rootstock improved fruit size,while rootstock did not affect the contents of TSS,TSS/acid ratio across the sites in both harvesting years.

关键词： Orange Gunda Gundo Fruit quality Geographic location Rootstock

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Source of mycorrhizal inoculum influences growth of Faidherbia albida seedlings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 313-323页

作者： Emiru Birhane Mengsteab Hailemariam girmay Gebresamuel Tesfay Araya Kiros Meles Hadgu Lindsey Norgrove Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 50031432 AsNorway World Agroforestry Center ILRI CampusP.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesBern University of Applied SciencesLa¨nggasse 853052 ZollikofenSwitzerland Department of Agronomy University of Fort HarePBX1314Alice 5700South Africa

Poor land use management and practice inhibit the growth and establishment of tree seedlings in dryland *** assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)status of Faidherbia albida(Del.)*** grown on different land *** quantified the growth and nutrient uptake of *** seedlings inoculated with AM from different *** efforts were based on soil and fine root samples from the rhizosphere soils of *** *** root colonization was determined using the gridline intersect *** were extracted by the wet sieving and decanting method and identified to genus *** seedling experiment had a completely randomized onefactorial design with four treatments and five *** albida seedlings were grown in a *** in situ *** trees were colonized by AM *** root colonization of *** trees was significantly higher(P<0.0086)in area exclosures than on lands used for grazing or *** abundance was significantly higher(P<0.0014)in area exclosures followed by cultivated land and grazing *** was the dominant genus in all ***-inoculated *** seedlings grew better(P<0.05)than non-inoculated *** inoculated with AM from area exclosure had significantly(P<0.05)higher growth and nutrient uptake than those inoculated with AM from grazing and cultivated *** emphasizes the importance of the native soil AM potential for better establishment of seedlings to achieve optimum plant growth improvement and assist in rehabilitation of degraded arid lands.

关键词： Spore abundance AM colonization Inoculum types Land-use types Nutrient uptake Growth parameters

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Current and future predicting potential areas of Oxytenanthera abyssinica(***)using MaxEnt model under climate change in Northern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 59-73页

作者： Yikunoamlak Gebrewahid Selemawi Abrehe Esayas Meresa Gebru Eyasu Kiros Abay Gebrehiwot Gebreab Kiros Kidanemariam Gezu Adissu Gebrekidan Abreha girmay Darcha Mekelle Agricultural Research Center(MARC) Tigray Agricultural Research Institute(TARI)P.O.Box 256TigrayEthiopia Mekelle Soil Research Center(MSRC) Tigray Agricultural Research Institute(TARI)P.O.Box 1070TigrayEthiopia Humera Agricultural Research Center(HuARC) Tigray Agricultural Research Institute(TARI)P.O.Box 62TigrayEthiopia Abergele Agricultural Research Center(AARC) Tigray Agricultural Research Institute(TARI)P.O.Box 44TigrayEthiopia Shire-Mytsebri Agricultural Research Center(SmARC) Tigray Agricultural Research Institute(TARI)P.O.Box 241TigrayEthiopia

Introduction:Climate change will either improve,reduce,or shift its appropriate climatic habitat of a particular species,which could result in shifts from its geographical *** the potential distribution through MaxEnt modeling has been developed as an appropriate tool for assessing habitat distribution and resource conservation to protect bamboo ***:Our objective is to model the current and future distribution of Oxytenanthera abyssinica(***)based on three representative concentration pathways(RCP)(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5)for 2050s and 2070s using a maximum entropy model(MaxEnt)in Northern *** modeling procedure,77 occurrence records and 11 variables were retained to simulate the current and future distributions of Oxytenanthera abyssinica in Northern *** evaluate the performance of the model,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)was ***:All of the AUCs(area under curves)were greater than 0.900,thereby placing these models in the“excellent”*** jackknife test also showed that precipitation of the coldest quarter(Bio19)and precipitation of the warmest quarter(Bio18)contributed 66.8%and 54.7%to the *** the area of current distribution,1367.51 km2(2.52%),7226.28 km2(13.29%),and 5377.26 km2(9.89%)of the study area were recognized as high,good,and moderate potential habitats of Oxytenanthera abyssinica in Northern Ethiopia,and the high potential area was mainly concentrated in Tanqua Abergele(0.70%),Kola Temben(0.65%),Tselemti(0.60%),and Tsegede(0.31%).Kafta Humera was also the largest good potential area,which accounts for 2.75%.Compared to the current distribution,the total area of the high potential regions and good potential regions for Oxytenanthera abyssinica under the three RCPs(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5)would increase in the 2050s and ***,the total area of the least potential regions under the three RCPs(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5)in 2050s and 2070s would

关键词： Oxytenanthera abyssinica MaxEnt model Climate change

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基于线性变截面剪切梁的结构系统识别分析

基于线性变截面剪切梁的结构系统识别分析

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作者： Eyerusalem Abadi girmay（萨林）天津大学

学位级别：硕士

在地震工程中,简单梁模型对于模拟结构单元和结构整体的响应非常有用。例如,剪切梁模型适用于较长波长下的框架结构响应建模,而对于剪力墙结构,铁木辛柯梁模型更适用。因为实际结构是由许多结构元素构成的三维结构,而梁模型是一维的连续... 详细信息

在地震工程中,简单梁模型对于模拟结构单元和结构整体的响应非常有用。例如,剪切梁模型适用于较长波长下的框架结构响应建模,而对于剪力墙结构,铁木辛柯梁模型更适用。因为实际结构是由许多结构元素构成的三维结构,而梁模型是一维的连续体,梁模型只适合长波长波动,且其对结构设计细节和结构的横向边界的反射不敏感。模型的简单性是在参数化结构系统识别和健康监测中梁模型的一个优势,因为它们是由更少的参数定义的,而这些参数可以从不确定性更小的观察到的响应估计。这种用于结构健康监测的梁模型的例子有均质或非均质的剪切梁和铁木辛柯梁。然而,这些模型中的梁截面均为等截面,不适用于锥形结构。不难发现锥形结构建筑,如一些高层建筑、特殊形状的建筑、古建筑结构和工业烟囱。本论文的研究动力是把结构简单梁模型扩展到锥形结构上的应用。众所周知,在许多情况下,非均匀梁可以达到比均匀梁更好的强度和重量分布,有时可以满足特殊的建筑和功能要求。锥形梁的动力分析一直是众多科学研究的焦点。大量的方法被用来分析锥形弯曲梁和锥形铁木辛柯梁的动力特性。De Rosa和Auciello提出了具有线性变截面的欧拉-伯努利梁存在旋转和轴向柔性末端时的动力学行为。而运动方程则用贝塞尔函数求解。横截面的高度和宽度都应按照线性规律变化。此外,Banerjee和Williams利用伯努利-欧拉理论和贝塞尔函数得到了在边界条件被固定时任何变截面梁的轴向、扭转和弯曲振动的精确动力学刚度表达式。Zhou和Cheng给出了任意载荷作用下的伯努利-欧拉圆锥梁的完全解,并展开成泰勒级数。而利用瑞利-里兹方法得到了本征频率方程。De Rosa和Lippiello使用单元离散法计算了在任意的旋转和轴向弹性约束下的锥形弯曲梁的自由振动。***等人进一步研究了大振幅锥形梁的非线性自由振动。采用MaxMin法和同伦扰动法计算了锥形梁的固有频率和相应位移。***等人利用连续传质矩阵法研究了非线性锥形梁的自由振动问题。且使用了不同的边界条件。***用有限差分法研究了有预扭和无预扭的矩形截面锥形悬臂梁的振动特性。一些学者已经用锥形梁模型来确定梁的动力特性。而据我所知,使用锥形剪切梁模型进行系统识别还未被报道过。锥形弯曲和锥形铁木辛柯梁模型在机械工程和航空航天工程等不同领域的应用激起本项目研究者们的兴趣。由于结构或建筑作为一个整体的变形与剪切梁接近,本文目的是用一个新的锥形剪切梁来表示结构,并将其用于结构系统识别,而锥形梁模型可以为锥形结构提供更好的质量和强度分布,并且,它适用于具有锥形几何特点的古建筑和/或锥形材料特性结构（如旧金山的地标泛美金字塔）的长周期响应。本文工作的目的是在用于结构系统识别和健康监测的简单梁模型体系中增加另一种模型,该模型适用于线性变截面（例如金字塔）和剪切变形为主的结构。本文还介绍了该模型利用地震记录在独特的金字塔形建筑上的应用。为了解决这些问题,本文中在频域用贝塞尔函数求解了梁的动力响应解析解。本文以分数阶贝塞尔函数的形式,介绍了由基础运动激励的均质线性变截面悬臂剪切梁响应的解析解。运动方程是将物理系统的运动描述为时间函数的方程。动态变量用于描述数学函数的空间坐标和时间。从锥形梁的动平衡出发,推导出其运动方程。在未指定边界条件下,以1/2阶和-1/2阶贝塞尔函数和两个常数在频域解析求解运动方程。在此基础上,确定了均匀悬臂锥形梁的常数和固有频率。此外,一般的解决方案是推导出传播算子矩阵（也称为传递矩阵）均匀锥形剪切梁,然后锥形剪切梁被用作构建块算得具有分段常数材料属性或分层锥形剪切梁的非齐次传播算子。均匀梁的解析解以无量纲模型参数的形式和作为渐变度的函数,对固有频率、频率比值和振型进行参数化研究,并利用脉冲响应的波形反演算法进行系统识别。该模型在美国加利福尼亚州旧金山市的标志性建筑泛美大厦（Transamerica building）上的应用验证了该模型在真实建筑分析中的可行性。在49层之上有一个尖塔,它使该建筑有了完整金字塔的视觉效果。该建筑安装了监测仪器,并记录了1989年10月18日Loma Prieta地震。底层与49层的距离为199.3米。对观测到的响应进行分析表明,前五种振动模态在EW和NS方向为0-1.7Hz波段内,扭转响应在0-1.9Hz波段内。NS方向和EW方向观测到的基频均为0.28Hz,高阶模态的频率与基频之比为1:1.96:2.91:3.36:4.83,这与1:3:5:7（相当于一个均匀截面剪切梁）有明显的不同。观测到的脉冲从地下室到49层的传播时间NS方向的为1.35秒,EW方向的为1.44秒。该建筑首先被建为一个均匀的截断的金字塔,而剪切波速是由观察到的基频和几何形状决定的。模型频率比为1:2.1:3.3:4.5:5.7..,这些频率比与观测值非常

关键词：锥形剪切梁运动方程贝塞尔函数传递矩阵系统识别结构健康监测

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Effects of Manual, Cultural, Botanical and Chemical Treatments of Termite Control in Hamelmalo Agricultural College Area

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第1期11卷 64-74页

作者： Biniam Efriem Habteab Goitom Rayet Idris Yosief girmay Adungna Haile Department of Plant Protection Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Termites are the most serious pests of field and horticultural crops, forests, and wooden household furniture. In Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) the infestation of termite is very high resulting in great destruction of crop plants and wooden office and dormitory furniture. The devastating attack of termites should be managed by using best and ecofriendly management method. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of manual destruction of mounds and killing of termite queen and king, chemical chlorpyrifos, seed and leaves extract of neem and Lantana (as separate experiment) and smoke on termite control. Termite mounds were selected randomly inside HAC compound. The materials used were hand hoe, spade, fork, water, 20 L jar and protective clothes. The treatments were replicated three times. The botanical treatments were prepared at 2 L of highly concentrated extracts per 20 L of water each. Chlorpyrifos was applied at 20 ml per 20 L of water. Dried woody plants were used for smoke treatment. Careful digging was done to avoid king escape and queen rupture and they were killed by burning. Among all, the mechanical destruction and killing of king and queen and chlorpyrifos resulted in a complete control of the termite population. Except in the mounds treated by chlorpyrifos, the activity of termite population was very active and they closed the opened galleries immediately after treatment even though there were dead termite castes in all treatments. Living termite castes were counted by taking a medium size spade of broken mound pieces. The highest count was recorded from mounds treated by smoke. After two weeks the queen and king in every treatment mound were cheeked and killed for those who were alive. Except by the chlorpyrifos and manual destruction of mound (king and queen were killed before) all the royal families were alive and killed. Controlling of termite population in the field (outside their mound) is not possible due to the hidden fora

关键词： Termite Castes Mounds Cultural Mechanical Chlorpyrifos Lantana Seed and Leaf Extract Neem Leaf and Seed Kernel Extract

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GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract of the Seeds of Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3752-3760页

作者： Mussie Sium Demoz Kareru Patrick Gachoki Keriko Joseph Mungai Berhane girmay Negusse Department of Chemistry Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Chemistry College of Health Sciences Asmara Eritrea

Background: Steganotaenia araliacea is a multipurpose plant and has wider applications in the folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Previously the presence of antileukemic lignan lactones and saponins was detected in the stem bark, root and leaf of Steganotaenia araliacea. Besides, the diuretic and antibacterial activities of the plant were reported. However, there has been no attempt to examine the constituents of the seeds of Steganotaenia araliacea. This paper reports the first such study of both the essential oil and methanol extract of the seeds of the plant. Methods: The seeds of the plant were shade dried, pounded and thus extracted using methanol. Besides, the essential oil of the seeds was collected using steam distillation. The components of the methanol extract were studied both by GC-MS and preliminary phytochemical studies;the essential oil was running on GC-MS for analysis. Results: The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of the seeds identified the presence of α-linalool, α-pinene, m-cresol, p-menth-1-en-4-ol, p-menth-1-en-8-ol, myristicin and others. Besides, the methanol extract of the seeds showed the presence of falcarinol, apiol, scoparone, stigmasterol, myristicin etc. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of the seeds confirms the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarines, steroids, and phenols. Conclusion: This plant contains bioactive metabolites and thus can be used as an alternative and complementary medicine in treatment of different ailments. However, further studies on the bioactivity and toxicity of the plant should be done.

关键词： GC-MS Steganotaenia araliacea Essential Oil Phytochemicals

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Evaluation of water and ethanol extracts of Schinus molle *** immature Culex quinquefasciatus Say(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第6期 471-477页

作者： Kidanemariam girmay Bemnet Fikre Atsede Asmelash Biskut Getachew Emebet Tekle Nagappan Raja Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of GondarPost Box 196GondarEthiopia

Objective:To evaluate larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous and ethanol extract of different parts of Schinus molle against filarial vector,Culex quinquefasciatus(***)in the ***:The mortality rate of third,fourth instar larvae and pupal stages were tested at 20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/L of plant extract using WHO standard protocol with *** mortality rate was recorded continuously for 24,48 and 72 h post exposure period and percentage mortality was ***:Maximum percentage mortality of third instar was 83.3%in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period,93.3%percentage mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of immature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,100%mortality was recorded in water extract of leaf at 100 mg/*** fourth instar larvae,maximum percentage mortality of 63.3%was recorded in water extract of mature fruit and ethanol extract of immature and mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period 86.6%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,93.3%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** general immature ***,percentage mortality was increased with increase in exposure time and concentration of the plant extracts ***:From this laboratory study,Schinus molle plant parts were proved to have larvicidal and pupicidal activity against immature ***.

关键词： Schinus molle Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal Pupicidal Water Ethanol Extracts

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Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Potential of the Methanol Extracts of <i>Aloe camperi</i>, <i>Meriandra dianthera</i>and a Polyherb

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2015年第4期5卷 267-276页

作者： Mussie Sium Demoz Kareru Patrick Gachoki Keriko Joseph Mungai Berhane girmay Negusse Department of Chemistry College of Science Eritrea Institute of Technology Maekel Eritrea Department of Chemistry Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Chemistry School of Pharmacy College of Health Sciences Asmara Eritrea

The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activities of methanol extracts of Aloe camperi (AC), Meriandra dianthera (MD) and a polyherbal drug (PH) in diabetes induced Wistar albino rats. A single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes was confirmed by the elevated blood glucose levels determined after 72 h of induction. Animals with mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level more than 200 mg/dl were recruited for the experiment. The herbal extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg and standard drugmetformin (5 mg/kg) were administered orally to the diabetic rats for 21 days and the FBG level was estimated on 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The herbal extracts showed dose-dependent fall in FBG levels and the result exhibited very significant (P < 0.001) decreases in FBG level by the end of the experimental day as compared to the diabetic control. The highest antihyperglycemic effect was observed by MD extract at 400 mg/kg and was comparable to the standard drug. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also conducted on normal rats and thus glucose at 2 g/kg per body weight was loaded via oral gavage to all groups 30 min after extract administration. All the groups showed significant increase (P P The hyperglycemia with glucose challenge was significantly brought down (P < 0.001) by all herbal extracts at 60 and 120 min relative to the negative control. Moreover, acute oral toxicity tests was conducted based on the protocols of OECD-425 and thus the LD50 of the herbal extracts was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons, and values of P < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

关键词： Antihyperglycemia Fasting Blood Glucose Level Aloe camperi Meriandra dianthera Polyherb

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