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The Largest Chinese Cohort Study Indicates Homologous Recombination Pathway Gene Mutations as Another Major Genetic Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer with Heterogeneous Clinical Phenotypes

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Research 2024年第3期6卷 191-203页

作者： Yun Xu Kai Liu Cong Li Minghan Li Fangqi Liu Xiaoyan Zhou Menghong Sun megha Ranganathan Liying Zhang Sheng Wang Xin Hu Ye Xu Department of Colorectal Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiP.R.China Department of Pathology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiP.R.China Department of Pathology Tissue BankFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiP.R.China Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Precision Cancer Medical Center Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiP.R.China

While genetic factors were associated with over 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, mutations in CRC-susceptibility genes were identified in only 5% to 10% of these patients. Besides, previous studies on hereditary CRC were largely designed to analyze germline mutations in patients with single genetic high-risk factor, which limited understanding of the association between genotype and phenotypes. From January 2015 to December 2018, we retrospectively enrolled 2,181 patients from 8,270 consecutive CRC cases, covering 5 categories of genetic high-risk factors. Leukocyte genomic DNA was analyzed for germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. The germline mutations under each category were detected and analyzed in association with CRC susceptibility, clinical phenotypes, and prognoses. A total of 462 pathogenic variants were detected in 19.3% of enrolled CRC patients. Mismatch repair gene mutation was identified in 9.1% of patients, most prevalent across all high-risk groups. Homologous recombination (HR) gene mutations were detected in 6.5% of cases, penetrated in early-onset and extra-colonic cancer risk groups. Mutations in HR genes, including BARD1, RAD50, and ATM, were found to increase CRC risk with odds ratios of 2.8-, 3.1-, and 3.1-fold, respectively. CRC patients with distinct germline mutations manifested heterogeneous phenotypes in clinicopathology and long-term prognoses. Thus, germline mutation screenings should be performed for CRC patients with any of those genetic risk factors. This study also reveals that HR gene mutations may be another major driver for increased CRC risk.

关键词： susceptibility category Major

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氮乙酰葡萄糖胺（GlcNAc）诱导白念珠菌细胞死亡对微生物营养感应的启示（英文）

氮乙酰葡萄糖胺（GlcNAc）诱导白念珠菌细胞死亡对微生物营养感应...

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中国菌物学会2015年学术年会

作者：杜浛管国波李小玲 megha gulati 陶丽曹承俊 Alexander D.Johnson Clarissa J.Nobile 黄广华中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology School of Natural SciencesUniversity of California Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of CaliforniaSan Francisco

Single-celled organisms have different strategies to sense and utilize nutrients in their ever-changing *** opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a common member of the human microbiota,especially that of the gastrointestinal（GI）*** important question concerns how *** gained a competitive advantage over other microbes to become a successful commensal and opportunistic ***,we report that *** uses N-acetylglucosamine（GlcN Ac）,an abundant carbon source present in the GI tract,as a signal for nutrient *** placed in water,*** cells normally enter the G0 phase and remain viable for ***,they quickly lose viability when cultured in water containing only GlcN *** term this phenomenon GlcN Ac-induced cell death（GICD）.GlcN Ac triggers the upregulation of ribosomal biogenesis genes,alterations of mitochondrial metabolism,and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species（ROS）,followed by rapid cell death via both apoptotic and necrotic *** pathways,including the conserved c AMP signaling and GlcN Ac-catabolic pathways,are involved in *** Ac acts as a signaling molecule to regulate multiple cellular programs in a coordinated manner and therefore maximizes the efficiency of nutrient *** adaptive behavior allows ***’more efficient colonization of the gut.

关键词：白念珠菌细胞死亡氮乙酰葡萄糖胺营养感应

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On the road to new treatments for multiple sclerosis: targeting dendritic cell migration into the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2088-2090页

作者： megha Meena Nathalie Cools Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp

Distinct migratory pathways and trafficking of dendritic cells to the central nervous system (CNS): The immune system is a host defense mechanism protecting against invaders, such as bacteria and viruses, while maintaining tolerance to self. Nonetheless, a few sites throughout the body are believed to be immunologically inert, such as the testes, the eye and the brain. Indeed, experiments in the mid-20th century gave rise to the concept of the brain as a site of immune privilege. Originally, the immune privilege of the brain was thought to be absolute, attributed by a physical blood-brain barrier (BBB) protecting the CNS from the entry of pathogens and circulating immune cells. These views have changed and currently, the CNS is seen as an immune-specialized site regulated by immunological components into and within the CNS.

关键词： new treatments multiple sclerosis nervous system

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Fresh or aged:Short time anodization of titanium to understand the influence of electrolyte aging on titania nanopores

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第24期119卷 245-256页

作者： Tianqi Guo Saso Ivanovski Karan gulati The University of Queensland School of DentistryHerston QLD 4006Australia

Electrochemical anodization(EA)is a simple and cost-effective technique to fabricate controlled nanostructures on Ti substrates,such as TiO_(2)nanotubes and *** aging of organic EA electrolytes(repeated EA using non-target Ti before EA of target Ti)is recognized to influence the characteristics of the anodized ***,there is limited information about how surface topography and electrolyte aging dictate the formation and characteristics of the anodized *** the current study,short-time EA(starting at 10 s)of micro-machined Ti substrates was performed with electrolytes of various ages(fresh/unused,15 h aged and 30 h aged),followed by evaluation of the TiO_(2)nanopores(TNPs)characteristics in terms of topography,chemistry,stability and protein *** results showed that aligned TNPs were obtained earlier(120 s)with fresh electrolyte as compared to the aged electrolyte EA(600 s).Interestingly,TNPs fabricated using fresh electrolyte(at lower EA times)showed favorable wettability,protein adhesion capacity and mechanical properties compared with aged electrolyte *** findings of the study demonstrate how nanopore formation differs between fresh and aged electrolytes when performing EA of micro-machined Ti,which provides an improved understanding of electrolyte aging and its influence on anodized nanostructures.

关键词： Titanium Titania nanopores Electrochemical anodization Electrolyte aging Surface modification

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Neighborhood spaces in residential environments:Lessons for contemporary Indian context

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 20-33页

作者： Ritu gulati Faculty of Architecture Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityUttar Pradesh226007India

The importance of open and unbuilt neighborhood spaces in residential developments has been established by numerous *** a diverse nomenclature in varied contexts,these areas are indispensable yet often neglected and designated as leftovers in contemporary planning *** their usefulness in the Indian context of socially active and sometimes even intrusive communities,such spaces are rapidly losing their place in present-day residential environments due to the pressure of providing for the rapidly growing population coupled with mass migratory *** neighborhood spaces that impart physical,psychological,and perceptual comfort to residents have been present in spontaneously developed traditional Indian cities due to their inherent order and ***,some contemporary housing environments by eminent designers have also utilized the virtues of well-designed neighborhood *** study is a comparative analysis of three selected projects,which aspire to devise suitable methods for contemporary Indian context and achieve neighborhood comfort and an overall sense of belongingness among residents.

关键词： B.V.Doshi Charles Correa Contemporary Indian housing Raj Rewal Residential neighborhoods Traditional Indian housing

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Potential cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 778-788页

作者： Ram B. Shrestha megha N. Parajulee Texas A&M University AgriLife Research and Extension Center 1102 E. FM 1294 Lubbock TX 79403 United States

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, predation rate of convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, was determined by assigning a single predator randomly to each of four prey density treatments in the laboratory. Prey densities included 25, 50, 100, and 200 aphids per Petri dish arena. Predation response was recorded at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after assigning predators to their prey treatments. Rate of consumption increased through time, with all 25 aphids consumed during the first 4 h of the experiment. At the highest density, adult lady beetle consumed on average 49, 99, 131, 163, 183, and 200 aphids within 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Predators showed a curvilinear feeding response in relation to total available time, indicating that convergent lady beetles have the potential to suppress larger populations of aphids through continuous feeding by regulating their predation efficiency during feeding. The analysis of age-specific mortality in absence of prey revealed that lady beetles could survive for an extended period of time （more than 2 weeks） without prey. The ability of a predator to survive without prey delays or prevents the rebound of pest populations that is a significant factor in natural biological control. A two-year field sampling of 10 cotton arthropod predator species showed that spiders （27%） were the most dominant foliage dwelling predators in the Texas High Plains cotton followed by convergent lady beetles （23.5%）, hooded beetles （13.5%）, minute pirate bugs （11%）, green lacewings （9.5%）, bigeyed bugs （7.5%）, scymnus beetles （3%）, soft-winged flower beetles （2%）, damsel bugs （1.5%）, and assassin bugs （1.5%）. A field cage study showed that one H. convergens adult per plant released at prey density of one aphid per leaf kept the aphid population below economic threshold for the entire growing season.

关键词： Aphis gossypii biological control cotton IPM functional response Hippo-damia convergens natural suppression

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Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics

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生物活性材料(英文) 2023年第4期22卷 91-111页

作者： Wai-Sze Chan Karan gulati Ove APeters The University of Queensland School of DentistryHerstonQLD4006Australia

Nickel-titanium(NiTi)alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics,particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal *** advances have primarily focused on the design,shape,and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical *** far,extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments,however,limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in *** review summarizes the unique characteristics,current use,and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic *** discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added *** clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized,future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology.

关键词： Nitinol Endodontics Nickel Titanium Nanostructures

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Single-step nano-engineering of multiple micro-rough metals via anodization

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1320-1329页

作者： Divya Chopra Tianqi Guo Sašo Ivanovski Karan gulati The University of Queensland School of DentistryHerston QLD 4006Australia

Anodization is a cost-effective technique to nano-engineer various metals,however,optimizations have been mostly restricted to Al and Ti,and for easy to manage polished and flat substrates,limiting industrial ***,we aim at standardizing and simplifying anodization of ten metals,attempting to make metal nano-engineering more *** a world-first attempt,we synthesize a standard electrolyte to fabricate controlled nanostructures on various metals,taking a close look at the influence of the substrate topography,electrolyte composition,and electrolyte aging(repeated use of same electrolyte)towards designing a standard nano-engineering *** of curved substrates(metal wires)with micro-roughness allows for ease of industrial translation across various *** study is a step closer to standardizing anodization and fabrication of controlled nanotopography on various metallic surfaces,while maintaining scalability and ease of use.

关键词： electrochemical anodization nanopores nanotubes metal metal oxide nanostructures

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Development and validation of Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire in individuals with tinnitus associated with hyperacusis

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Journal of Otology 2020年第4期15卷 124-128页

作者： Prashanth Prabhu megha Kondli Nagaraj All India Institute of Speech and Hearing ManasagangothriMysuru570006India

Introduction:Hypersensitivity to sound and tinnitus are often co-morbid and can influence emotional well-being,hearing,sleep,concentration,cause anxiety,and interfere with speech perception in ***:A clear measure of sensitivity to sound is important as there is dearth in standard protocol for evaluating hyperacusis in individuals with *** there are a few questionnaires to assess hyperacusis,a direct application of these questionnaires in the Indian context would be ***:The study attempts to develop and validate an indigenous Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire(HHQ)for individuals with tinnitus associated with ***:A total of 25 questions were considered for ***,21 questions were subdivided into three sections of seven questions each,tapping,‘Functional,’‘Social,’and‘Emotional’aspects of the *** was administered on 77 individuals with tinnitus associated with hyperacusis in the age range of 20e55 years for further validation.A total score was obtained by adding all the three ***:The internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach’s Alpha(a)was a?0.85;and,a?0.83 for Functional,a?0.81 for Social,a?0.7 for Emotional subscales suggesting that the questionnaire can be used for the assessment of handicap associated with hyperacusis in individuals with ***,no significant difference in terms of gender and duration of tinnitus comparisons were ***:The obtained results suggest that HHQ will aid in the characterization and quantification of the handicap associated with hyperacusis in individuals with tinnitus.

关键词： Quality of life Annoyance Reduced tolerance Hypersensitivity

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Effects of environmental humidity on the survival and development of pine caterpillars, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis （Lepidoptera： Lasiocampidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 147-152页

作者： Rui-Dong Han megha Parajulee Zhong He Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Weifang Forestry Bureau of Shandong Province Weifang City Shandong Province China Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Lubbock Texas USA

The pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis is one of the most important pests on Pinus tabulaeformis and other pine species in North China. In the present study, effects of relative humidity （RH） on the development and survival of pine caterpillars and soil moisture （SM） on their diapausing larvae were investigated. Low RH （20%） deferred the development of eggs and larvae, reduced egg hatching and larval surviving compared to 40%, 60% and 80% RH. Both low （20%） and high （100%） RH reduced egg hatching, but only 20% RH deferred the development of larvae, prolonged developmental duration and reduced the body mass and body length of larvae. The SM influenced the survival of diapausing larvae significantly. The dry treatment significantly reduced the supercooling points （SCPs）, whereas increased the mortality and reduced body mass from 56.9 to 36.5 mg and body water content from 78% to 63% after 2 weeks＇ exposure. Therefore, higher RH is more favorable for the development of early instars and survival of diapausing larvae of the pine caterpillars.

关键词： cold hardiness Dendrolimus tabulaeformis development mortality relative humidit y

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