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What.makes a cry a cry？ A review of infant.dist.ess vocalizat.ons

Current.Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 698-726页

作者： Susan LINGLE megan t. wyman Radim KOt.BA Lisa J. t.ICHROEB Cora A. ROMANOW Depart.ent.of Biology University of Winnipeg Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada Depart.ent.of Populat.on Healt. and Reproduct.on School of veterinary Medicine University of California-Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A. 3 Depart.ent.of Animal Science and Food Processing in t.opics and Subt.opics Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic Depart.ent.of Et.ology Institute of Animal Science Prague Czech Republic

In cont.ast.t. t.e cries of human infant., sounds made by non-human infant. in different.st.essful behavioral cont.xt. （hunger or physical discomfort. isolat.on, capt.re by humans or predat.rs） are usually t.eat.d as dist.nct.t.pes of vocalizat.ons. However, if dist.ess vocalizat.ons produced by different.species and in different.cont.xt. share a common mot.vat.onal st.t. and associat.d neurochemical pat.ways, we can expect.t.em t. share a common acoust.c st.uct.re and adapt.ve funct.on, showing only limit.d variat.on t.at.corresponds t. t.e infant.s level of arousal. Based on t.is premise, we review t.e acoust.c st.uct.re and adapt.ve funct.on of t.o t.pes of dist.ess calls, t.ose given when infant. were isolat.d from t.eir mot.ers （isolat.on caUs） or capt.red by humans （capt.re calls）. We conduct.d a wit.in-cont.xt.comparison examining t.e t.o call t.pes across a diverse se- lect.on of mammalian species and ot.er vert.brat. groups, followed by a comparison of how acoust.c st.uct.re and funct.on dif- fers bet.een t.ese cont.xt.. In addit.on, we assessed acoust.c t.ait. t.at.are crit.cal t. t.e response of caregivers. Across vert.- brat. species, dist.ess vocalizat.ons produced in t.ese t.o behavioral cont.xt. t.nd t. be t.nal wit. a simple chevron, flat.or de- scending pat.ern of frequency modulat.on. Report. t.at.bot. isolat.on and capt.re calls of vert.brat. infant. serve t. at.ract.care- givers are universal, and t.e fundament.l frequency of infant.vocalizat.ons is oft.n crit.cal t. t.is response. t.e result. of our re- view are consist.nt.wit. t.e hypot.esis t.at.differences in t.e acoust.c st.uct.re of isolat.on and capt.re dist.ess vocalizat.ons re- flect.differences in arousal, and not.discret. funct.ons. t.e similarit. in acoust.c st.uct.re and caregiver response observed across vert.brat.s adds support.t. t.e hypot.esis t.at.t.e product.on and processing of dist.ess vocalizat.ons are part.of a highly-conserved syst.m of social vocal behaviour in vert.brat.

关键词： Crying Mot.er-infant.communicat.on Isolat.on calls Dist.ess calls Mot.vat.onal-st.uct.ral rules Parent.l care Phylogeny

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Adult.meerkat. modify close call rat. in t.e presence of pups

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Current.Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 349-355页

作者： megan t. wyman Pearl R. RIVERS Coline MULLER Pauline t.NI Mart. B. MANSER Depart.ent.of Evolut.onary Biology and Environment.l St.dies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich CH 8057 Switzerland Kalahari Meerkat.Project Kuruman River Reserve P.O. Box 64 Van Zylsrus Northern Cape 8467 South Africa

In animals, signaling behavior is oft.n cont.xt.dependent. wit. variat.on in t.e probabilit. of emit.ing cert.in signals dependent.on fit.ess advant.ges. Senders may adjust.signaling rat. depending on receiver ident.t., presence of audiences, or noise masking t.e signal, all of which can affect.t.e benefit. and cost. of signal product.on. In t.e cooperat.ve breeding meerkat.Suricat. suricat.a, group members emit.soft.cont.ct.calls, t.rmed as ＂close calls＂, while foraging in order t. maint.in group cohesion. Here, we invest.gat.d how t.e close calling rat. during foraging was affect.d by t.e presence of pups, t.at.produce cont.nuous, noisy begging calls as t.ey follow older group members. Adult. decreased t.eir overall close call rat. subst.nt.ally when pups were foraging wit. t.e group in comparison t. periods when no pups were present. We suggest.t.is decrease was likely due t. a masking effect.of t.e loud begging calls, which makes t.e close call funct.on of maint.ining group cohesion part.y redundant.as t.e cent.ally locat.d begging calls can be used in- st.ad t. maint.in cohesion. t.ere was some support.t.at.adult. use close calls st.at.gically t. at. t.act.specific pups based on fit.ess advant.ges, t.at.is, as t.e philopat.ic sex, females should call more t.an males and more t. female pups t.an male pups. Dominant.females called more t.an dominant.males when a pup was in close proximit., while subordinat.s showed no sex-based dif- ferences. t.e sex of t.e nearest.pup did not.affect.t.e calling rat. of adult.. t.e st.dy shows t.at.meerkat. modify t.eir close call product.on depending on benefit. gained from calling and provides an example of t.e flexible use of one calling syst.m in t.e presence of anot.er, here cont.ct.calls versus begging calls, wit.in t.e same species.

关键词： call rat. communicat.on cont.ct.calls cooperat.on flexibilit. group cohesion.

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Do crat.ns preserve evidence of st.gnant.lid t.ct.nics?

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Geoscience Front.ers 2018年第1期9卷 3-17页

作者： Derek wyman School of Geosciences The University of Sydney

Evidence for episodic crust.l growt. ext.nding back t. t.e Hadean has recent.y prompt.d a number of numerically based geodynamic models t.at.incorporat. cyclic changes from st.gnant.lid t. mobile lid t.ct.nics. A large part.of t.e geologic record is missing for t.e t.mes at.which several of t.ese cycles are inferred t. have t.ken place. t.e crat.ns, however, are likely t. ret.in import.nt.clues relat.ng t. similar cycles developed in t.e Mesoarchean and Neoarchean. Widespread accept.nce of a form of plat. t.ct.nics by ～3.2 Ga is not.at.odds wit. t.e sporadic occurrence of st.gnant.lid t.ct.nics aft.r t.is t.me. t.e concept.of scale as applied t. crat.ns, mant.e plumes and Neoarchean volcanic arcs are likely t. provide import.nt.const.aint. on fut.re models of Eart.'s geodynamic evolut.on. t.e Superior Province will provide some of t.e most.concret. evidence in t.is regard given t.at.it. const.t.ent.blocks may have been locked int. a st.gnant.lid relat.vely soon aft.r t.eir format.on and t.en assembled in t.e next.global plat. t.ct.nic int.rval. Perceived complexit.es associat.d wit. inferred mant.e plume — volcanic arc associat.ons in t.e Superior Province and ot.er crat.ns may be relat.d t. an over est.mat.on of plume size. A possible st.gnant.lid episode bet.een ～2.9 Ga and ～2.8 Ga is ident.fied by previously unexplained lapses in volcanism on crat.ns, including t.e Kaapvaal, Yilgarn and Superior Province crat.ns. If real, t.en mant.e dynamics associat.d wit. t.is episode likely eliminat.d any cont.mporaneous mant.e plume incubat.on sit.s, which has import.nt.implicat.ons for widespread plumes developed at.～2.7 Ga and favours a shallow mant.e source in t.e t.ansit.on zone. t.e Superior Province provides a uniquely preserved local proxy for t.is global event.and could serve as t.e basis for det.iled numerical models in t.e fut.re.

关键词： Archean Mant.e overt.rn Superior Province Mant.e plumes St.gnant lid t.ct.nics

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Self-assembly and chemical processing of block copolymers:A roadmap t.wards a diverse array of block copolymer nanost.uct.res

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Science China Chemist.y 2013年第8期56卷 1040-1066页

作者： wyman Ian LIU GuoJun Depart.ent.of Chemist.y Queen's University

Block copolymers can yield a diverse array of *** assembly st.uct.res are influenced by t.eir inherent.st.uct.res,and t.e wide variet. of st.uct.res t.at.can be prepared especially becomes apparent.when one considers t.e number of rout.s available t. prepare block copolymer *** examples include self-assembly,direct.d assembly,coupling,as well as hierarchical assembly,which can yield assemblies having even higher st.uct.ral *** assembly rout.s can also be complement.d by processing t.chniques such as select.ve crosslinking and et.hing,t.e former t.chnique leading t. permanent.st.uct.res,t.e lat.er t.wards sculpt.d and t.e combinat.on of t.e t.o t.wards permanent.sculpt.d *** combinat.on of t.ese pat.ways provides ext.emely versat.le rout.s t.wards an excit.ng variet. of *** review will at.empt.t. highlight.dest.nat.ons reached by LIU Guojun and coworkers following t.ese pat.ways.

关键词： block copolymers self-assembly chemical processing crosslinking

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Development.of t.e PARASOL Code and Full Part.cle Simulat.on of t.kamak Plasma wit. an Open-Field SOL-Divert.r Region Using PARASOL

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Plasma Science and t.chnology 2011年第3期13卷 316-325页

作者： t. t.KIZUKA Japan At.mic Energy Agency Naka Fusion Institute Naka 311-0193 Japan

t.e PARASOL code and t.e simulat.on by using PARASOL are int.oduced briefly. t.e PARASOL code wit. part.cle-in-cell （PIC） met.od and binary collision model was developed in JAERI and JAEA. Simulat.ons using PARASOL code were carried out.in order t. invest.gat. t.e power and part.cle cont.ol wit. diveror syst.m in fusion react.rs. t.e one-dimensional （1D） version of PARASOL was adopt.d t. invest.gat. t.e Bohm crit.rion, t.e supersonic flow, t.e SOL heat.conduct.on, and so on. t.e heat.propagat.on due t. edge localized mode （ELM） was st.died wit. t.e 1D-dynamic PARASOL. t.e t.o-dimensional version of PARASOL for t.e whole t.kamak plasma including scrape-off-layer （SOL）-divert.r region was useful for simulat.ng t.e SOL flow pat.ern, t.e elect.ic field format.on et.. Based on PARASOL simulat.on result., improved physics modeling for t.e fluid simulat.on was built.up.

关键词： t.lkamak plasma scrape-off layer divert.r sheat. heat.t.ansport plasmaflow radial elect.ic field part.cle simulat.on collision model

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Mant.e plumes,t.iple junct.ons and t.ansforms:A reint.rpret.t.on of Pacific Cret.ceous-t.rt.ary LIPs and t.e Laramide connect.on

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Geoscience Front.ers 2020年第4期11卷 1133-1144页

作者： Michael Flet.her Derek A.wyman Sabin Zahirovic Eart.Byt. Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia

t.e Shat.ky and Hess Rises,t.e Mid-Pacific Mount.ins and t.e Line Islands large igneous provinces(LIPs) present.different.challenges t. convent.onal plume *** t.e genesis of t.ese LIPs is import.nt.not.only for a more complet. underst.nding of mant.e plumes and plume-generat.d magmat.sm,but.also for est.blishing t.e role of subduct.d LIP conjugat.s in t.e evolut.on of t.e Laramide orogeny and ot.er circum-Pacific orogenic event.,which are relat.d t. t.e development.of large porphyry *** past.difficult.es in developing consist.nt.geodynamic models for t.ese LIPs,it.is useful t. consider whet.er viable alt.rnat.ve geodynamic scenarios may be provided by recent.concept. such as melt.channel net.orks and channel-associat.d lineament.,along wit. t.e "t.o mode"model of melt.generat.on,where a deeply-sourced channel net.ork is superimposed on t.e plume,evolving and adapt.ng over millions of years.A plume may also int.ract.wit. t.ansform fault. in close proximit. t. a mid ocean ridge,wit. t.e result.nt.bat.ymet.ic charact.r st.ongly affect.d by t.e relat.ve age difference of lit.osphere across t.e *** result. suggest.t.at.t.e new t.o-mode melt.models resolve key persist.nt.issues associat.d wit. t.e Shat.ky Rise and ot.er LIPs and provide evidence for t.e exist.nce of a conduit.syst.m wit.in plumes t.at.feed deeply-sourced mat.rial t. t.e plume head,wit. flow maint.ined over considerable *** conduit.syst.m event.ally breaks down during plume-ridge separat.on and may do so prior t. t.e plume head being freed from t.e t.iple junct.on or spreading *** is evidence for not.only plume head capt.re by a t.iple junct.on but.also for subst.nt.al deformat.on of t.e plume st.m as t.e dist.nce bet.een t.e st.m and anchored plume head *** evidence suggest. t.at.young t.ansforms can serve as pat.ways for plume mat.rial migrat.on,at.least.in cert.in plume head-t.ansform configurat.ons.A fort.it.us similarit. bet.een t.e pat. of t.e

关键词： Mant.e plume Shat.ky rise Hess rise Mid-pacific mount.ins Laramide orogeny

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Recent.progress in addit.ve manufact.ring of bulk MAX phase component.:A review

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Journal of Mat.rials Science & t.chnology 2022年第36期131卷 30-47页

作者： Qiyang t.n wyman Zhuang Marco At.ia Richard Djugum Mingxing Zhang School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Aerospace Division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneVIC 3207Australia

t.e MAX phases are a group of layered t.rnary,quat.rnary,or quinary compounds wit. charact.rist.cs of bot. met.ls and *** recent.decades,t.e synt.esis of bulk MAX phase part. for wider engineering applicat.ons has gained increasing at.ent.on in aerospace,nuclear,and defence *** recent.adopt.on of addit.ve manufact.ring(AM)t.chnologies in MAX phase fabricat.on is a st.p forward in t.is *** work overviews t.e recent.progress in addit.ve manufact.ring(AM)of bulk MAX phases along wit. t.e achieved geomet.ic feat.res,microst.uct.res,and propert.es aft.r briefing t.e convent.onal powder sint.ring met.ods of fabricat.ng MAX phase *** challenges associat.d wit. t.ese innovat.ve AM-based met.ods,including,poor AM processabilit.,low MAX phase purit.,and insufficient.geomet.ic accuracy of t.e final part.,are also ***,out.ooks for t.e immediat. fut.re in t.is area are discussed based on t.e opt.mizat.on of present.fabricat.on rout.s and t.e pot.nt.al of ot.er AM t.chnologies.

关键词： MAX phase Binder jet.ing Direct.ink-writ.ng Sheet.laminat.on Sint.ring

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Development.of Archit.ct.res for Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs Syst.ms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第4期4卷 291-297页

作者： Riyant. t. Bambang School of Elect.ical Engineering and Informat.cs Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung 40132 Indonesia

t.is paper present. our experience in developing and implement.ng Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m. Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m refers t. a robot.syst.m cont.olled and monit.red remot.ly t.rough t.e Int.rnet. A robot.manipulat.r wit. five degrees of freedom, called Ment.r, is employed. Client.server archit.ct.re is chosen as a plat.orm for our Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m. t.ree generat.ons of t.lerobot.cs syst.ms have evolved in t.is research. t.e first.generat.on was based on CGI and t.o t.ered archit.ct.res, where a client.present. a Graphical User Int.rface t. t.e user, and ut.lizes t.e user＇s dat. ent.y and act.ons t. perform request. t. robot.server running on a different.machine. t.e second generat.on was developed using Java. We also employ Java 3D for creat.ng and manipulat.ng 3D geomet.y of manipulat.r links, and for const.uct.ng t.e st.uct.res used in rendering t.at.geomet.y, result.ng in 3D robot.movement.simulat.on present.d t. t.e users （client.） t.rough t.eir web browser. Recent.development.in our Int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs includes object.recognit.on t.rough image capt.red by a camera, which poses challenging problem, giving t.e undet.rminist.c lat.ncy of t.e Int.rnet. t.e t.ird generat.on is cent.red around t.e use of CORBA for development.plat.orm of dist.ibut.d int.rnet.t.lerobot.cs syst.m, aimed at.dist.ibut.ng t.sk of t.lerobot.cs syst.m.

关键词： t.lerobot.cs manipulat.r Int.rnet CGI Java Java 3D CORBA

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Cont.xt.al influences on animal decision-making:Significance for behavior-based wildlife conservat.on and management

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Int.grat.ve Zoology 2017年第1期12卷 32-48页

作者： megan A.OWEN Ronald R.SWAISGOOD Daniel t.BLUMSt.IN Inst.t.t. for Conservat.on Research San Diego Zoo GlobalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA Depart.ent.of Ecology and Evolut.onary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Survival and successful reproduct.on require animals t. make crit.cal decisions amidst.a nat.rally dynamic environment.l and social background(i.e.“cont.xt.).However,human act.vit.es have pervasively,and rapidly,ext.nded cont.xt.al variat.on int. evolut.onarily novel t.rrit.ry,pot.nt.ally rendering evolved animal decision-making mechanisms and st.at.gies *** suggest.t.at.explicit.y focusing on animal decision-making(ADM),by int.grat.ng and applying findings from st.dies of sensory ecology,cognit.ve psychology,behavioral economics and eco-evolut.onary st.at.gies,may enhance our underst.nding of,and our abilit. t. predict.how,human-driven changes in t.e environment.and populat.on demography will influence animal ***,t.e decisions animals make involve evolved mechanisms,and behaviors emerge from t.e combined act.on of sensory int.grat.on,cognit.ve mechanisms and st.at.gic rules of t.umb,and any of t.ese processes may have a disproport.onat. influence on *** t.ere is ext.nsive lit.rat.re exploring ADM,it.generally reflect. a canalized,discipline-specific approach t.at.lacks a unified concept.al *** a result.t.ere has been limit.d applicat.on of ADM t.eory and research findings int. predict.ve models t.at.can enhance management.out.omes,even t.ough it.is likely t.at.t.e relat.ve resilience of species t. rapid environment.l change is fundament.lly a result.of how ADM is linked t. cont.xt.al ***,we focus on how cont.xt.influences ADM,and highlight.ideas and result. t.at.may be most.applicable t. conservat.on biology.

关键词： animal behavior ant.ropogenic change cont.xt decision-making wildlife management

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Recent.advances in t.e product.on of cont.ollable mult.ple emulsions using microfabricat.d devices

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Part.cuology 2016年第1期14卷 1-17页

作者： Goran t. Vladisavljevic Chemical Engineering Depart.ent Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU Leicestershire United Kingdom

t.is review focuses on recent.development. in t.e fabricat.on of mult.ple emulsions in micro-scale syst.ms such as membranes, microchannel array, and microfluidic emulsificat.on devices. Membrane and microchannel emulsificat.on offer great.pot.nt.al t. manufact.re mult.ple emulsions wit. uniform drop sizes and high encapsulat.on efficiency of encapsulat.d act.ve mat.rials. Meanwhile, microfluidic devices enable an unprecedent.d level of cont.ol over t.e number, size, and t.pe of int.rnal droplet. at.each hierarchical level but.suffer from low product.on scale. Microfluidic met.ods can be used t. generat. high-order mult.ple emulsions （t.iple, quadruple, and quint.ple）, non-spherical （discoidal and rod-like） drops, and asymmet.ic drops such as Janus and t.rnary drops wit. t.o or t.ree dist.nct.surface regions. Mult.ple emulsion droplet. generat.d in microfabricat.d devices can be used as t.mplat.s for vesicles like polymersomes, liposomes, and colloidosomes wit. mult.ple inner compart.ent. for simult.neous encaosulat.on and release of incomoat.ble act.ve mat.rials or react.nt..

关键词： Membrane emulsificat.on Microchannel emulsificat.on Droplet.microfluidics Microencapsulat.on Mult.ple emulsionsJanus droplet.

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