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Management of refractory ascites in cirrhosis:Are we out of date?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第28期8卷 1182-1193页

作者： Alagappan Annamalai Lauren Wisdom megan Herada Mazen Nourredin Walid Ayoub Vinay Sundaram Andrew Klein Nicholas Nissen Comprehensive Transplant Center Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with liver transplantations as it only possible *** the face of a significant organ shortage many patients die waiting.A major complication of cirrhosis is the development of portal hypertension and *** management of ascites has barely evolved over the last hundred years and includes only a few milestones in our treatment approach,but has overall significantly improved patient morbidity and *** mainstay to ascites management includes changes in diet,diuretics,shunt procedures,and large volume *** understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis and portal hypertension has significantly improved in the last couple of decades but the changes in ascites management have not seemed to mirror this newer *** herein review the history of ascites management and discuss some its current limitations.

关键词： Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Ascites Transhepatic portosystemic shunts Paracentesis

CD28 ligation increases macrophage suppression of T-cell proliferation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第4期9卷 341-349页

作者： Daniel Silberman Amanda Bucknum Thomas Bartlett Gabriella Composto megan Kozlowskil Amanda Walker Amy Werda Jackelyn Cua Arlene H Sharpe John E Somerville James E Riggs Department of Biology Rider University Lawrenceville NJ 08648 USA Department of Pathology Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02115 USA Immunosciences Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton NJ 08543 USA

When compared to spleen or lymph node cells, resident peritoneal cavity cells respond poorly to T-cell activation in vitro. The greater proportional representation of macrophages in this cell source has been shown to actively suppress the T-cell response. Peritoneal macrophages exhibit an immature phenotype （MHC class IIlo, B7lo） that reduces their efficacy as antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, these cells readily express inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, an enzyme that promotes T-cell tolerance by catabolism of the limiting amino acid arginine. Here, we investigate the ability of exogenous T-cell costimulation to recover the peritoneal T-cell response. We show that CD28 ligation failed to recover the peritoneal T-cell response and actually suppressed responses that had been recovered by inhibiting iNOS. As indicated by cytokine ELISpot and neutralizing monoclonal antibody （mAb） treatment, this ＇cosuppression＇ response was due to CD28 ligation increasing the number of interferon （IFN）-y-secreting cells. Our results illustrate that cellular composition and cytokine milieu influence T-cell costimulation biology.

关键词： CD28 costimulation macrophages suppression

Effect of airplane transport of donor livers on post-liver transplantation survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9154-9161页

作者： Yi Huang Gerry MacQuillan Leon A Adams George Garas megan Collins Albert Nwaba Linjun Mou Max K Bulsara Luc Delriviere Gary P Jeffrey School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Institute of Health Research University of Notre Dame

AIM To evaluate the effect of long haul airplane transport of donor livers on post-transplant outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who received a liver transplantation was performed in Perth, Australia from 1992 to 2012. Donor and recipient characteristics information were extracted from Western Australian liver transplantation service database. Patients were followed up for a mean of six years. Patient and graft survival were evaluated and compared between patients who received a local donor liver and those who received an airplane transported donor liver. Predictors of survival were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using cox *** One hundred and ninety-three patients received alocal donor liver and 93 patients received an airplane transported donor liver. Airplane transported livers had a significantly lower alanine transaminase(mean: 45 U/L vs 84 U/L, P = 0.035), higher donor risk index(mean: 1.88 vs 1.42, P < 0.001) and longer cold ischemic time(CIT)(mean: 10.1 h vs 6.4 h, P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between CIT and transport distance(r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001). Mean follow up was six years and 93 patients had graft failure. Multivariate analysis found only airplane transport retained significance for graft loss(HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.16-3.17). One year graft survival was 0.88 for those with a local liver and was 0.71 for those with an airplane transported liver. One year graft loss was due to primary graft non-function or associated with preservation injury in 20.8% of recipients of an airplane transported liver compared with 4.6% in those with a local liver(P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Airplane transport of donor livers was independently associated with reduced graft survival following liver transplantation.

关键词： Airplane transportation Cold ischemic time Graft survival Donor location Organ damage

美国2014年农业法案对美国土地休耕保护储备计划的影响

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世界农业 2017年第2期 162-163,195页

作者： megan Stubb 杨恺(摘译) 农业部管理干部学院北京102208

美国土地休耕保护储备计划(CRP)自开展以来,为减少水土流失、改善水质以及促进野生动物栖息地发展做出了重要贡献。美国2014年农业法案再次授权实施CRP,同时提出调减登记总额,放宽对一些耕牧行为的许可,废除了草原储备计划(GRP),还允许... 详细信息

美国土地休耕保护储备计划(CRP)自开展以来,为减少水土流失、改善水质以及促进野生动物栖息地发展做出了重要贡献。美国2014年农业法案再次授权实施CRP,同时提出调减登记总额,放宽对一些耕牧行为的许可,废除了草原储备计划(GRP),还允许CRP参与者有机会提前终止他们的合约。这些政策调整,将使CRP登记量显著降低,相继会导致环境效益的下降,美国国会面临着持续挑战。

关键词： 2014年农业法案美国土地休耕保护储备计划

A Capra hircus chromosome 19 locus linked to milk production influences mammary conformation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 697-706页

作者： Andrew Jiang Alex Ankersmit-Udy Sally-Anne Turner megan Scholtens Mathew D.Littlejohn Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos Colin G.Proser Russell G.Snell Klaus Lehnert Applied Translational Genetics Group School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Dairy Goat Co-operative HamiltonNew Zealand Cawthron Institute NelsonNew Zealand AL Rae Centre of Genetics and Breeding Massey UniversityHamiltonNew Zealand Dairy Cattle Breeding and Genetics School of Agriculture&EnvironmentMassey UniversityHamiltonNew Zealand

Background:Economically important milk production traits including milk volume,milk fat and protein yield vary considerably across dairy goats in New Zealand.A significant portion of the variation is attributable to genetic *** of genetic markers linked to milk production traits can be utilised to drive selection of highperformance animals.A previously reported genome wide association study across dairy goats in New Zealand identified a quantitative trait locus(QTL)located on chromosome *** most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)marker for this locus is located at position 26,610,610(SNP marker rs268292132).This locus is associated with multiple milk production traits including fat,protein and *** predicted effect of selection for the beneficial haplotype would result in an average production increase of 2.2 kg fat,1.9 kg protein and 73.6 kg milk *** outstanding question was whether selection for the beneficial allele would co-select for any negative pleiotropic *** adverse relationship between milk production and udder health traits has been reported at this ***,a genome wide association study was undertaken looking for loci associated with udder ***:The QTL and production associated marker rs268292132 was identified in this study to also be associated with several goat udder traits including udder depth(UD),fore udder attachment(FUA)and rear udder attachment(RUA).Our study replicates the negative relationship between production and udder traits with the high production allele at position 19:26,610,610(SNP marker rs268292132)associated with an adverse change in UD,FUA and ***:Our study has confirmed the negative relationship between udder traits and production traits in the NZ goat *** have found that the frequency of the high production allele is relatively high in the NZ goat population,indicating that its effect on udder conformation is not significantly

关键词： Capra hircus Milk production Pleiotropic effects Quantitaive trait loci Udder conformation

Acute short-term dim light exposure can lower muscle strength endurance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第3期4卷 270-274页

作者： Arnold G. Nelson Joke Kokkonen megan Mickenberg School of Kinesiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Exercise & Sport Science Department Brigham Young University-Hawaii Laie HI 96762 USA

Background： Since it has been shown that spending 18 h under dim light conditions can result in reduced handgrip endurance, it was questioned whether or not a shorter exposure to dim light （i.e., 1 h） would have similar influence upon muscular endurance. Therefore this study compared the number of weighted knee extension lifts that could be done after spending 1 h in either dim or bright light. Methods： Participants （5 women, 11 men, college students 19--26 years） performed knee extension lifts to exhaustion with a load approximating 40% of their body weight. The lifts to exhaustion were measured immediately following 1 h of exposure to each of the following three con- ditions： dark （DL）, room light （RL）, and room light plus 5 mg melatonin （RLM）. A minimum of 48 h separated each condition, and all par- ticipants started the exposures in a rested fed condition. Results： Average （±SD） number of knee extension lifts for RL （62.0 ± 22.0） was significantly （p 〈 0.05） greater than DL （51.4 ± 14.7） and RLM （57.8 ± 22.9）. The number of RLM knee extension lifts was not significantly different from DL. Exposure to 1 h of dim light immediately prior to activity can result in a reduction in thigh muscle endurance. The decline in performance to short-term dim light exposure was similar to that found following longer-term exposure. Conclusion： It appears that light intensity can influence muscle endurance, however, at this time this effect cannot be directly related to endogenous melatonin production.

关键词： Blood glucose Blood pressure Heart rate Knee extension endurance Light intensity Melatonin

High resolution strain mapping of a single axially heterostructured nanowire using scanning X-ray diffraction

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Nano Research 2020年第9期13卷 2460-2468页

作者： Susanna Hammarberg Vilgaile Dagyte Lert Chayanun megan O.Hill Alexander Wyke Alexander Bjorling Ulf Johansson Sebastian Kalbfleisch Magnus Heurlin Lincoln J.Lauhon Magnus T.Borgstrom Jesper Wallentin Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Solid State Physics and NanoLund Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA MAX IV Laboratory Lund UniversityBox 118Lund 22100Sweden

Axially heterostructured nanowires are a promising platform for next generation electronic and optoelectronic *** based on theoretical modeling have predicted more complex strain distributions and increased critical layer thicknesses than in thin films,due to lateral strain relaxation at the surface,but the understanding of the growth and strain distributions in these complex structures is hampered by the lack of high-resolution characterization ***,we demonstrate strain mapping of an axially segmented GalnP-lnP 190 nm diameter nanowire heterostructure using scanning X-ray *** systematically investigate the strain distribution and lattice tilt in three different segment lengths from 45 to 170 nm,obtaining strain maps with about 10^-4 relative strain *** experiments were performed using the 90 nm diameter nanofocus at the NanoMAX beamline,taking advantage of the high coherent flux from the first diffraction limited storage ring MAX *** experimental results are in good agreement with a full simulation of the experiment based on a three-dimensional(3D)finite element *** largest segments show a complex profile,where the lateral strain relaxation at the surface leads to a dome-shaped strain distribution from the mismatched interfaces,and a change from tensile to compressive strain within a single *** lattice tilt maps show a cross-shaped profile with excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with the *** contrast,the shortest measured InP segment is almost fully adapted to the surrounding GalnP segments.

关键词： strain mapping nanowire heterostructure X-ray diffraction(XRD) MAX IV finite element modeling

Towards an Artificial Intelligence Framework for Data-Driven Prediction of Coronavirus Clinical Severity

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第4期63卷 537-551页

作者： Xiangao Jiang megan Coffee Anasse Bari Junzhang Wang Xinyue Jiang Jianping Huang Jichan Shi Jianyi Dai Jing Cai Tianxiao Zhang Zhengxing Wu Guiqing He Yitong Huang Department of Infectious Diseases Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou325000China Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of MedicineNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA Department of Population and Family Health Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences Computer Science DepartmentNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA Columbia College Columbia UniversityNew YorkUSA Departments of Infectious Diseases Cangnan People’s HospitalWenzhou325800China Department of Gynaecology Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou325000China

The virus SARS-CoV2,which causes the Coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become a pandemic and has spread to every inhabited *** the increasing caseload,there is an urgent need to augment clinical skills in order to identify from among the many mild cases the few that will progress to critical *** present a first step towards building an artificial intelligence(AI)framework,with predictive analytics(PA)capabilities applied to real patient data,to provide rapid clinical decision-making ***-19 has presented a pressing need as a)clinicians are still developing clinical acumen given the disease’s novelty,and b)resource limitations in a rapidly expanding pandemic require difficult decisions relating to resource *** objectives of this research are:(1)to algorithmically identify the combinations of clinical characteristics of COVID-19 that predict outcomes,and(2)to develop a tool with AI capabilities that will predict patients at risk for more severe illness on initial *** predictive models learn from historical data to help predict specifically who will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),a severe outcome in *** experimental results based on two hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejang,China identify features most predictive of ARDS in COVID-19 initial presentation which would not have stood out to clinicians.A mild increase in elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(a liver enzyme)),a presence of myalgias(body aches),and an increase in hemoglobin,in this order,are the clinical features,on presentation,that are the most *** two centers’COVID-19 case series symptoms on initial presentation can help predict severe *** models that learned from historical data of patients from two Chinese hospitals achieved 70%to 80%accuracy in predicting severe cases.

关键词： SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 coronavirus infectious diseases artificial intelligence predictive analytics

P2X7 receptor activation causes phosphatidylserine exposure in canine erythrocytes

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World Journal of Hematology 2016年第4期5卷 88-93页

作者： megan Faulks Tracey A Kuit Reece A Sophocleous Belinda L Curtis Stephen J Curtis Lisa M Jurak Ronald Sluyter School of Biological Sciences University of Wollongong Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience University of Wollongong Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Albion Park Veterinary Hospital

AIM To determine if activation of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channel induces phosphatidylserine(PS) exposure in erythrocytes from multiple dog *** Peripheral blood was collected from 25 dogs representing 13 pedigrees and seven crossbreeds. ATP-induced PS exposure on canine erythrocytes in vitro was assessed using a flow cytometric Annexin V binding *** ATP induced PS exposure in erythrocytes from all dogs studied. ATP caused PS exposure in a concentrationdependent manner with an EC50 value of 395 μmol/L. The non-P2X7 agonists, ADP or AMP, did not cause PS exposure. The P2X7 antagonist, AZ10606120, but not the P2X1 antagonist, NF449, blocked ATP-induced PS *** The results indicate that ATP induces PS exposure in erythrocytes from various dog breeds and that this process is mediated by P2X7 activation.

关键词： Adenosine triphosphate Dog P2X1 receptor P2X7 receptor Phospholipid Purinergic receptor Red blood cells