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The stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 315-326页

作者： megan de Jager Frank Schröter Michael Wark Luise Giani Institut Für Biologie Und Umweltwissenschaften Carl Von Ossietzky Univer-sitätOldenburgGermany Institut Für Chemie Carl Von Ossietzky UniversitätOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC)produced by the hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of typically wet biomass is generally considered to be less effective for carbon(C)sequestration in soils compared to biochar(BC)by pyrolysis,due to a higher content of more easily decomposable *** the recalcitrance of HC is suggested to improve with increasing HTC production temperature,the way it interacts and becomes associated with soil organic matter(SOM)fractions of different stabilities against decomposition,may also influence its effectiveness for C sequestration in *** that respect,this study aimed to verify the potential of HCs from maize silage produced at different HTC temperatures(190,210 and 230℃)for C sequestration in a HC-amended sandy loam *** do this,we conducted a pot trial experiment and traced the fate of HC-derived C(HC-C)within different SOM fractions,namely the free-and occluded particulate organic matter(POMF and POMO,respectively)fractions and that comprising organic matter(OM)bound to clays(OMCl).Approx.1 year after applying 5%of the different HTC temperature HCs to the soil,the SOM fractions were isolated by density fractionation for each HC treatment(HC190,HC210 and HC230)and the control(absent of HC).All fractions and the HCs were analyzed for organic C(OC)content and isotopic signatures(δ^(13)C).From the δ^(13)C signatures,the amount of HC-C and native soil organic carbon(SOC)within each fraction was *** C contents and decreased H/C and O/C ratios were observed with increasing HTC production temperatures,which sug-gests a lower stability for the low temperature *** ca.1 year,a loss of~20-23%of the bulk soil TOC was found in the HC-amended *** POMF fraction of the HC-amended soils showed losses of 68-81%HC-C and 52-72%native SOC,which may be due to a positive priming effect caused by HC *** POM_(O) and OM_(Cl) fractions of the HC-amended soils contained more OC than the control,indicating the integration of HC-C together wi

关键词： Hydrochar Carbon sequestration Carbon stabilization Soil organic matter fractions Soil density fractionation δ^(13)C analysis

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Tuning the intentional corona of cerium oxide nanoparticles to promote angiogenesis via fibroblast growth factor 2 signalling

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 963-978页

作者： Lu Fu Rupeng Li John M.Whitelock megan S.Lord Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia

Inadequate angiogenesis is a hallmark of conditions including cardiovascular diseases,stroke and chronic diabetic wounds,which exhibit tissue ischaemia ensuring that therapeutic strategies to promote angiogenesis are of great ***,many angiogenic treatments involve the delivery of growth factors which have limited clinical success due to poor stability,high manufacturing cost and poor *** oxide nanoparticles(nanoceria)can either promote or inhibit angiogenesis depending on their surface corona ***,nanoceria were functionalized with an intentional heparin corona,a polysaccharide which binds and signals growth factors,of different chain lengths and surface grafting density to establish their effect on *** nanoparticles promoted angiogenesis in vivo with the surface grafting density positively correlated with angiogenesis over the widest concentration range;however,chain length did not play a *** heparin–nanoceria supported fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)signalling in vitro and promoted FGF2-mediated angiogenesis in *** nanoparticles were internalized by endothelial cells in vitro where they trafficked to the lysosomes and reduced cell viability suggesting that the angiogenic activity of heparin–nanoceria is mediated in the extracellular ***,this study adds to our knowledge of the angiogenic effects of heparin–nanoceria towards finding new angiogenic treatments.

关键词： cerium oxide nanoparticle endothelial angiogenesis

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The global interior

The global interior

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作者： megan Black.

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Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 333-336页

作者： Oranit GILAD Ronald R. SWAISGOOD megan A. OWEN Xiaoping ZHOU Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global Escondido CA 92027 USA China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda Wolong Sichuan 623006 China

Sociality is an important factor in both the mechanism and function of kin recognition, yet it is little explored in solitary species. While there may be future opportunities for nepotistic functions of kin discrimination among solitary species, the ability to discriminate kin from nonkin may still have important roles in social regulation. The solitary giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca offers a good model system to explore kin discrimination in a solitary mammal. As kin discrimination in many other mammals is olfactorily mediated, we investigated whether giant pandas are able to discriminate odor cues from daughters even after months and years of separation. Our results indicate that giant pandas are capable of discriminating between kin and nonkin using odor cues available in urine and body odor. Daughters preferentially investigated the odors of unrelated adult female pandas over the odors of their mothers, and mothers spent more time investigating the odors of unrelated age- matched female pandas over those from their daughters. Because these studies were conducted months or years after the mother-daughter period of dependency ended, it is still unclear what mechanism is used for recognition. Long-term olfactory memories and phenotype matching should both be considered, and further studies are required for such determination.

关键词： chemical communication giant panda kin discrimination.

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Documenting aftermath

Documenting aftermath

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作者： megan Finn.

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Benign vs malignant pancreatic lesions: Molecular insights to an ongoing debate

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第5期13卷 406-418页

作者： Mahmoud Aldyab Tony El Jabbour megan Parilla Hwajeong Lee Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065United States

Several benign conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis,and paraduodenal pancreatitis can present as mass lesions and may mimicpancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinically and radiologically. Thoroughhistologic examination with attention to certain morphologic features can assist indeciphering neoplastic from reactive, however small biopsies often remain achallenge. Variable histologic patterns in conventional PDAC may also confoundthe diagnosis of PDAC. Uncommon subtypes of pancreatic carcinoma such asadenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, medullarycarcinoma, hepatoid carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma necessitateexcluding metastasis from other sites prior to rendering the diagnosis ofpancreatic carcinoma. The use of immunohistochemical staining and molecularmarkers can aid in separating benign from malignant and PDAC from *** expresses a few non-specific epithelial and mucin immunomarkers such asCK7, CK19, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC5AC. However, the only immunohistochemicalmarker that is specific for PDAC in the right clinical context is *** of SMAD4 within atypical glands and ducts supports the diagnosis of PDACin a limited sample. Unfortunately, this finding is seen only in 50% of PDACcases. The identification of certain mutations can help support a diagnosis ofPDAC when benign conditions are in the differential. At the molecular level,KRAS oncogene mutations are seen in approximately 93% of PDACs. Subsequentneoplastic progression is driven by additional mutations of tumor suppressorgenes, such as CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4. Molecular markers can also providean insight to the prognosis. For instance, the loss of SMAD4 is associated with apoor outcome whereas mutations in MLL, MLL2, MLL3, and ARID1A are associatedwith improved survival.

关键词： Pancreas Pancreatitis Autoimmune SMAD4 Molecular

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Remembering your A, B, C’s: Alzheimer’s disease and ABCA1

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第3期12卷 995-1018页

作者： Cutler T.Lewandowski megan S.Laham Gregory R.J.Thatcher Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Illinois College of PharmacyChicagoIL 60612USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucsonAZ 85721USA

The function of ATP binding cassette protein A1(ABCA1)is central to cholesterol *** ABCA1 expression or activity is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and other *** approaches to boost ABCA1 activity have yet to be translated successfully to the *** risk factors for AD development and progression,including comorbid disorders such as type2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease,highlight the intersection of cholesterol transport and *** of ABCA1 can positively impact APOE lipidation,insulin sensitivity,peripheral vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity,and anti-inflammatory *** strategies towards ABCA1-boosting compounds have been described,with a bias toward nuclear hormone receptor(NHR)*** agonists display beneficial preclinical effects;however,important side effects have limited *** particular,ligands that bind liver X receptor(LXR),the primary NHR that controls ABCA1 expression,have shown positive effects in AD mouse models;however,lipogenesis and unwanted increases in triglyceride production are often *** longstanding approach,focusing on LXRβ*** selectivity,is over-simplistic and has *** approaches such as phenotypic screening may lead to small molecule NHR modulators that elevate ABCA1 function without inducing lipogenesis and are clinically translatable.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Drug discovery Liver X receptor Nuclear hormone receptor Type 2 diabetes

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Coaches’ Evaluations of Match Performance in Academy Soccer Players in Relation to the Adolescent Growth Spurt

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 359-366页

作者： megan Hill Sam Scott Darragh McGee Sean Cumming Department for Health University of BathBath BA27AYUK Sports Science and Medicine Department Southampton Football ClubSouthamptonUK

Individual differences in biological maturation present challenges for coaches involved with youth soccer *** in the same chronological age group vary in terms of stage of maturity(pre,circum-and post-pubescent)and rate of growth,but how this affects coaches’evaluations of player performance is *** aim of this study was to compare youth soccer coaches’evaluations of players match performances before,during and post growth spurt in a professional English soccer academy across four *** hundred and seventy-eight male soccer players in the under-9 to under-16 age-groups had their performances evaluated by their coach on a 4-point Likert *** each game,players were categorised by their maturity status estimated using percentage of predicted adult height at the time of observation.A one-way ANCOVA control-ling for the level of opposition and game outcome revealed that coaches’evaluations declined from the pre-to during growth spurt stages,however,this was only significant in the under 12 ***,coaches’evaluations increased again in the post-growth spurt stage,although only significant in the under 15 *** evaluations of player performance appear to vary in accordance with stage of maturity and rate of *** in youth soccer should understand the extent to which maturity status may adversely impact performance and consider this when making talent selection decisions.

关键词： Soccer Maturity Growth Adolescence Evaluation

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Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2012年第3期4卷 91-98页

作者： megan Crane David Iser Sharon R Lewin Department of Medicine Monash University Centre for Virology Burnet Institute Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital Australia Infectious Disease Unit

Liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals encompasses the spectrum from abnormal liver function tests,liver decompensation,with and without evidence of cirrhosis on biopsy,to non-alcoholic liver disease and its more severe form,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular *** can infect multiple cells in the liver,leading to enhanced intrahepatic apoptosis,activation and *** can also alter gastro-intestinal tract permeability,leading to increased levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide that may have an impact on liver *** review focuses on recent changes in the epidemiology,pathogenesis and clinical presentation of liver disease in HIV-infected patients,in the absence of co-infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus,with a specific focus on issues relevant to low and middle income countries.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Liver dis-ease Low-middle income settings

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AML1-ETO driven acute leukemia:insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches

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Frontiers of Medicine 2012年第3期6卷 248-262页

作者： megan A.Hatlen Lan Wang Stephen D.Nimer Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program Sloan-Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNY 10065USA

The AML1-ETO fusion transcription factor is generated by the t(8;21)translocation,which is present in approximately 4%-12% of adult and 12%-30% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia(AML)*** human and mouse models of AML have demonstrated that AML1-ETO is insufficient for leukemogenesis in the absence of secondary *** this review,we discuss the pathogenetic insights that have been gained from identifying the various events that can cooperate with AML1-ETO to induce AML in *** also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for t(8;21)positive AML that involve targeting the fusion protein itself,the proteins that bind to it,or the genes that it *** published studies suggest that a targeted therapy for t(8;21)positive AML is feasible and may be coming sometime soon.

关键词： AML1-ETO mouse model leukemia t(8,21) pathway hits mutation hematopoiesis Kasumi-1 CD34^(+)

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