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Use of a community-led prevention strategy to enhance behavioral changes towards Ebola virus disease prevention:a qualitative case study in Western Côte d’Ivoire

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： Lara Gautier Koffi Ange Houngbedji Jeanne Uwamaliya megan Coffee Department of Social and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health(ESPUM)University of MontrealQuébecCanada Public Health Research Institute(IRSPUM) University of MontrealQuébecCanada Centre d’Etudes en Sciences Sociales sur les Mondes Africains Américains et AsiatiquesUniversitéDenis DiderotParis-Sorbonne CitéFrance International Rescue Committee AbidjanCôte d’Ivoire International Rescue Committee 122 East 42nd StreetNew YorkNY 10168-1289USA

Background:Starting in December 2013,the Ebola virus disease(EVD)epidemic spread in West Africa through five countries(Sierra Leone,Liberia,Guinea,Nigeria,and Mali),killing over 11,300 *** partnership with Côte d’Ivoire’s Ministry of Health,the International Rescue Committee instigated a community-led strategy aimed at promoting behavior change in order to prevent potential Ebola outbreaks in the *** strategy was implemented in Western districts bordering Liberia,Guinea,and *** study aims to analyze the community-led strategy,to document lessons learned from the experience,and to capitalize on the ***:A case study in four districts of Western Côte d’Ivoire,***,Danané,Odiennéand Touba districts was carried *** data in 12 villages(i.e.,three villages per district)was collected from 62 healthcare workers,community leaders,and ordinary community *** was de-identified,coded and analyzed using a thematic ***:The community-led strategy was socially accepted in the *** though some community leaders reported that sensitization had been,at times,constrained by a lack of equipment,the people interviewed demonstrated accurate understanding of information about prevention *** practices were easily adopted,while others remained difficult to implement(e.g.,ensuring safe and dignified dead body management).Conclusion:This research demonstrates that sensitization efforts led by well-integrated and respected community leaders can be conducive of behavior *** learned from the community-led strategy could be applied to future disease outbreaks.

关键词： Community-led prevention behavior change Ebola virus Côte d’Ivoire

First complete genome sequence in Arborophila and comparative genomics reveals the evolutionary adaptation of Hainan Partridge(Arborophila ardens)

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 63-70页

作者： Chuang Zhou Shuai Zheng Xue Jiang Wei Liang megan Price Zhenxin Fan Yang Meng Bisong Yue Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment(Ministry of Education) College of Life SciencesSichuan University Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife College of Life SciencesSichuan University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal University

Background:The Hainan Partridge(Arborophila ardens,Phasianidae,Galliformes) is an endemic species of Hainan Island,China,and it is classified as globally vulnerable *** are at least 16 species in genus Arborophila and no genome sequence is ***:The whole genome of Hainan Partridge was de novo sequenced(with shotgun approach on the Illumina 2000 platform) and ***:The genome size of Arborophila ardens is about 1.05 Gb with a high N50 scaffold length of 8.28 Mb and it is the first high quality genome announced in Arborophila *** 9.19% of the genome was identified as repeat sequences and about 5.88 million heterozygous SNPs were detected.A total of 17,376 protein-coding genes were predicted and their functions were *** genome comparison between Hainan Partridge and Red Junglefowl(Gallus gallus) demonstrated a conserved genome *** phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Hainan Partridge possessed a basal phylogenetic position in Phasianidae and it was most likely derived from a common ancestor approximately 36.8 million years ago(Mya).We found that the Hainan Partridge population had experienced bottleneck and its effective population decreased from about 1,040,000 individuals 1.5 Mya to about 200,000 individuals 0.2 Mya,and then recovered to about 460,000 *** number of 1:1 orthologous genes that were predicted to have undergone positive selection in the Hainan Partridge was 504 and some environmental adaptation related categories,such as response to ultraviolet radiation were represented in GO distribution ***:We announced the first high quality genome in Arborophila genus and it will be a valuable genomic resource for the further studies such as evolution,adaption,conservation,not only on Hainan Partridge but also on Arborophila or Phasianidae species.

关键词： Hainan Partridge Arborophila ardens Comparative genomics Positive selection

A New Isoflavone Glucoside from Astragalus membranaceus

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1998年第6期9卷 537-538页

作者： Cao, ZZ Cao, Y Yi, YJ Wu, YP Len, ZK Li, D owen, NL Jiangsu Province Inst Mat Med Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China Brigham Young Univ Dept Chem & Biochem Provo UT 84602 USA

A new isoflavone glucoside, 3'-methoxy-5'-hydroxy-isoflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, was isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data.

关键词： Astragalus membranaceus isoflavone 3 '-methoxy-5 '-hydroxy-isoflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside

Variation of basic density,calorific value and volumetric shrinkage within tree height and tree age of Ugandan grown Eucalyptus grandis wood

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： owen Emmanuel Sseremba P.Mugabi A.Y.Banana B.C.Wessels M.Plessis Department of Forestry Biodiversity and TourismMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda Department of Forestry and Wood Science Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa

Insufficient knowledge on Ugandan grown Eucalyptus grandis *** ex Maiden wood properties,high demand,and processing challenges led to a study into its physical *** obtained the variation of basic density(BD),calorific value(CV)and volumetric shrinkage(VS)within tree height and tree-age of ***,and its appropriate use based on these *** with good boles were harvested from Kabarole District in western Uganda to produce specimens as prescribed by British Standards and ASTM standard wood testing *** data reviews and statistical analysis using ANOVA,Tukey’s test and multivariate analysis were done to obtain property estimates and their variation within trees and amongst tree *** mean BD of *** is 413.6,380.5,471.0,and 501.1 kg m^(−3)at 3,6,9,and 12 years,respectively,showing significant increase with tree age(p=0.003).The pattern of BD with tree height showed a reduction with tree height although with higher values in the middle portion of the *** CV increases(p=0.014)with tree age and reduces with tree height with values of 14,560.32,15,447.3,16,079.11,and 16,932.6 kJ kg^(−1)at 3,6,9,and 12 years,*** percentage VS was 11.02,9.84,12.31,and 14.45 for 3-,6-,9-,and 12-year-old trees,respectively,and it did not vary significantly(p=0.088)with tree *** on these property values,*** wood could be used for scaffolding,light constructions and fuel wood *** seasoning needs to be longer with well monitored drying schedules to reduce seasoning defects caused by the high *** studies on strength properties,seasoning schedules,panel products properties and tree-age chemical variations would improve the knowledge about its wood quality and would enhance its efficient utilization.

关键词： Eucalyptus grandis Age Calorificvalue Basic density Volumetric shrinkage Wood

Adult meerkats modify close call rate in the presence of pups

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 349-355页

作者： megan T. WYMAN Pearl R. RIVERS Coline MULLER Pauline TONI Marta B. MANSER Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich CH 8057 Switzerland Kalahari Meerkat Project Kuruman River Reserve P.O. Box 64 Van Zylsrus Northern Cape 8467 South Africa

In animals, signaling behavior is often context-dependent, with variation in the probability of emitting certain signals dependent on fitness advantages. Senders may adjust signaling rate depending on receiver identity, presence of audiences, or noise masking the signal, all of which can affect the benefits and costs of signal production. In the cooperative breeding meerkat Suricata suricatta, group members emit soft contact calls, termed as ＂close calls＂, while foraging in order to maintain group cohesion. Here, we investigated how the close calling rate during foraging was affected by the presence of pups, that produce continuous, noisy begging calls as they follow older group members. Adults decreased their overall close call rate substantially when pups were foraging with the group in comparison to periods when no pups were present. We suggest this decrease was likely due to a masking effect of the loud begging calls, which makes the close call function of maintaining group cohesion partly redundant as the centrally located begging calls can be used in- stead to maintain cohesion. There was some support that adults use close calls strategically to at- tract specific pups based on fitness advantages, that is, as the philopatric sex, females should call more than males and more to female pups than male pups. Dominant females called more than dominant males when a pup was in close proximity, while subordinates showed no sex-based dif- ferences. The sex of the nearest pup did not affect the calling rate of adults. The study shows that meerkats modify their close call production depending on benefits gained from calling and provides an example of the flexible use of one calling system in the presence of another, here contact calls versus begging calls, within the same species.

关键词： call rate communication contact calls cooperation flexibility group cohesion.

Elevated Stream Pathogenic Indicator Bacteria Concentrations in Livestock Grazing Areas across a Single National Forest

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Natural Resources 2017年第10期8卷 657-670页

作者： Lindsey Myers megan Fiske megan Layhee Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center Twain Harte CA USA

Livestock presence in proximity to forest streams has been shown to contribute pathogenic bacteria in excess of water quality standards established to protect human health. However, the degree to which livestock fecal contamination in streams on national forest lands is either a limited or a potentially widespread occurrence is still debated. This study provides additional insight into the matter. We analyzed water in small streams near known cattle grazing areas within the Stanislaus National Forest in the Sierra Nevada, California from 2012 to 2016. Fourteen stream sites were sampled before and after cattle were released onto the forest (four of these sites were sampled across multiple years) to compare indicator bacteria concentrations (fecal coliform—FC, Escherichia coli—EC) to standards established for recreational contact for surface waters. One control site was also sampled. There were 194 water quality violations of either state or federal regulatory standards for recreational contact, all of which occurred once cattle were on the forest. Mean (max) FC and EC concentrations were on orders of magnitude higher after cattle were released onto the forest [FC 1307 (30,000) and EC 1033 (17,000) MPN/100 mL] than during the time period before cattle were on the forest [FC 19 (220) and EC 17 (220) MPN/100 mL;FC, F1,210 = 105, p 1,210 = 85.5, p 0.001]. In addition, the presence of cattle, visual evidence of recent cattle-related disturbances, and sampling week were important predictor variables of FC and EC. These findings support the link between cattle presence and increased levels of stream pathogenic bacteria, and also demonstrate that stream pathogenic bacteria pollution occurs widely across the forest. This research indicates the need to consider alternative range management practices to better protect water quality and human health.

关键词： Cattle Escherichia coli Fecal Coliform Sierra Nevada Water Quality

The role of emergency incident type in identifying first responders' health exposure risks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第2期4卷 167-173页

作者： Emily J.Haas Katherine N.Yoon Alexa Furek megan Casey Susan M.Moore National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(NPPTL) National Institute for Ocupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)PittsburghPA 15236United States National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory(NPPTL) National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)MorgantownWV2605United States

Fire-based emergency management service(EMS)personnel are dispatched to various incidents daily,many of which have unique occupational *** fully understand the variability of incident types and how to best pre-pare and respond,an exploration of the *** system of incident types is *** study uses potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as a case example to understand if and how coding categories for incident call types may be updated to improve data standardization and emergency response decision *** received emergency response incident data generated by three fire department computer-aided dispatch(CAD)systems between March and September *** incident was labeled EMS,Fire,or *** the 162,766 incidents,approximately 8.1%(n=13,144)noted potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure within their narrative descriptions of which 86.3%were coded as EMS,9.9%as Fire,and 3.9%as *** assess coding variability across incident types,researchers used the original 3-incident type variable and a new 5-incident type variable reassigned by researchers into EMS,Fire,Other,Hazmat,and Motor *** regressions compared differences in potential exposure using the 3-and 5-incident type *** evaluating the 3-incident type variable,those respond-ing to a Fire versus an EMS incident were 84%less likely to be associated with potential exposure to *** the 5-incident type variable,those responding to Fire incidents were 77%less likely to be associated with a potential exposure than those responding to EMS *** in potential exposure between the 3-and 5-incident type models show the need to understand how incident types are *** demonstrates the need for data standardization to accurately categorize incident types to improve emergency preparedness and *** have implications for incident type coding at fire department municipality and national levels.

关键词： Emergencymedical se Firefighter Incident type Surveillance Telecommunicator

Generation of fertile sperm in a culture dish： clinica implications

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第4期13卷 618-619页

作者： Hoi-Hung Cheung owen M Rennert Section on Clinical and Developmental Genomics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health ＆ Human Development Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Spermatogenesis is a tightly regulated process of development for the generation of mature spermatozoa. Mammalian spermatogenesis occurs in the convoluted seminiferous tubules of the testes, where spermatogenic stem cells （SSCs） reside on sustentacular Sertoli cells of somatic origin, forming a germinal epithelial structure. Spermato genesis is accomplished in a complicated, timely controlled differentiation of SSCs into premeiotic primary spermatocytes, followed by formation of postmeiotic round spermatids and their subsequent maturation into spermatozoa.

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