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Contextual influences on animal decision-making:Significance for behavior-based wildlife conservation and management

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第1期12卷 32-48页

作者： megan a.owen Ronald R.SWAISGOOD Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo GlobalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Survival and successful reproduction require animals to make critical decisions amidst a naturally dynamic environmental and social background(i.e.“context”).However,human activities have pervasively,and rapidly,extended contextual variation into evolutionarily novel territory,potentially rendering evolved animal decision-making mechanisms and strategies *** suggest that explicitly focusing on animal decision-making(ADM),by integrating and applying findings from studies of sensory ecology,cognitive psychology,behavioral economics and eco-evolutionary strategies,may enhance our understanding of,and our ability to predict how,human-driven changes in the environment and population demography will influence animal ***,the decisions animals make involve evolved mechanisms,and behaviors emerge from the combined action of sensory integration,cognitive mechanisms and strategic rules of thumb,and any of these processes may have a disproportionate influence on *** there is extensive literature exploring ADM,it generally reflects a canalized,discipline-specific approach that lacks a unified conceptual *** a result,there has been limited application of ADM theory and research findings into predictive models that can enhance management outcomes,even though it is likely that the relative resilience of species to rapid environmental change is fundamentally a result of how ADM is linked to contextual ***,we focus on how context influences ADM,and highlight ideas and results that may be most applicable to conservation biology.

关键词： animal behavior anthropogenic change context decision-making wildlife management

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Widespread glacier advances across the Tian Shan during Marine Isotope Stage 3 not supported by climate-glaciation simulations

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Fundamental Research 2023年第1期3卷 102-110页

作者： Qing Yan Lewis a.owen Chuncheng Guo Zhongshi Zhang Jinzhe Zhang Huijun Wang Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Marine Earthand Atmospheric ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695United States NORCE Norwegian Research Centre Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Whether there were more extensive glaciations during the Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)3 relative to MIS 2 across the Tian Shan in Central Asia is intensely debated because of the uncertainty in chronological data and fully understanding the driving *** help resolve the ongoing debate,we assess the climate sensitivity of the glaciers and reconstruct the extent of glaciation during MIS 2 and 3 across the Tian Shan,using a glacier-resolving(250×250 m)ice sheet model asynchronously coupled with a global climate *** results demonstrate that the equilibrium-line altitude(ELA)over the Tian Shan decreases by∼180 m for every 1°C cooling under a modern precipitation regime,but precipitation reduction greatly lowers the sensitivity of the glaciers to temperature decrease(e.g.,the effect of 2°C cooling is broadly offset by a 50%decrease in precipitation).Under the modeled colder/drier-than-present climate,the model predicts an ELA depression(∆ELA)of∼75 m(162 m)over the Tian Shan during MIS 3 interstadials(stadials).The extent of MIS 3 glaciation is much smaller than that during MIS 2(i.e.,∆ELA=∼726 m).The more extensive glaciation during MIS 2 is largely attributed to the enhanced summer ***,through a site-to-site model-data comparison,we find that the closest match between the modeled glacier margin and the locations of the glacial deposits previously argued to be MIS 3 is generally achieved under MIS 2 climatic *** results suggest more extensive glacier advances over the Tian Shan during MIS 2 than MIS 3 on a regional scale,although MIS 3 glaciation may still occur in individual glacier *** pattern suggests general synchronicity with the timing of maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last glacial,which should be further tested in a multimodel framework in the future.

关键词： Glacier modeling Glacier sensitivity MIS 3 MIS 2 Tian Shan Paleoclimate modeling

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Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 333-336页

作者： Oranit GILAD Ronald R. SWAISGOOD megan A. owen Xiaoping ZHOU Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global Escondido CA 92027 USA China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda Wolong Sichuan 623006 China

Sociality is an important factor in both the mechanism and function of kin recognition, yet it is little explored in solitary species. While there may be future opportunities for nepotistic functions of kin discrimination among solitary species, the ability to discriminate kin from nonkin may still have important roles in social regulation. The solitary giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca offers a good model system to explore kin discrimination in a solitary mammal. As kin discrimination in many other mammals is olfactorily mediated, we investigated whether giant pandas are able to discriminate odor cues from daughters even after months and years of separation. Our results indicate that giant pandas are capable of discriminating between kin and nonkin using odor cues available in urine and body odor. Daughters preferentially investigated the odors of unrelated adult female pandas over the odors of their mothers, and mothers spent more time investigating the odors of unrelated age- matched female pandas over those from their daughters. Because these studies were conducted months or years after the mother-daughter period of dependency ended, it is still unclear what mechanism is used for recognition. Long-term olfactory memories and phenotype matching should both be considered, and further studies are required for such determination.

关键词： chemical communication giant panda kin discrimination.

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Modelling internal air systems ingas turbine engines

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航空动力学报 2007年第4期22卷 505-520页

作者： J Michael owen Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath

Rotating-disc systems can be used to model,experimentally and computationally,the flow and heat transfer that occur inside the internal cooling-air systems of gas turbine *** rotating-disc systems have been used successfully to simplify and understand some of the complex flows that occur in internal-air systems,and designers have used this insight to improve the cooling effectiveness,thereby increasing the engine efficiency and reducing the *** this review paper,three important cases are considered:hot-gas ingress;the pre-swirl system;and buoyancy-induced ***,or ingestion,occurs when hot gas from the mainstream gas path is ingested into the wheel-space between the turbine disc and its adjacent *** seals are fitted at the periphery of the system,and sealing flow is used to reduce or prevent ***,too much sealing air reduces the engine efficiency,and too little can cause serious overheating,resulting in damage to the turbine rim and blade *** the flow is three-dimensional and unsteady,there are encouraging signs that simple ‘orifice models’ could be used to estimate the amount of ingress into the *** a pre-swirl system,the cooling air for the gas-turbine blades is swirled by stationary nozzles,and the air is delivered to the blades via receiver holes in the rotating turbine *** the air reduces its temperature relative to the rotating blades,and the designer needs to calculate the air temperature and pressure drop in the *** designer also needs to calculate the effect of this swirling flow on the heat transfer from the turbine disc to the air,as this has a significant effect on the temperature distribution and stresses in the *** experimental and computational studies have given a better understanding of the flow and heat transfer in these ***-induced flow occurs in the cavity between two co-rotating compressor discs when the temperature of the discs is higher than

关键词：燃气涡轮机车空气动力学数学模型旋转式圆盘系统

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世界常规石油储量现状——常规石油产量很决将会开始下滑，可轻易获取廉价石油的时代可能已经终结

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世界石油工业 2011年第6期18卷 25-30页

作者： Nick a.owen 牛津大学史密斯企业与环境学院

目前，各机构公布的世界常规石油储量数据存在很大差异，石油储量和品质等级缺乏国际标准、商业可采储量定义不明、某些金融或政治因素引发的蓄意误报以及技术评估自身存在的不确定性造成了数据资源的不准确性。通过对2P常规石油储量数... 详细信息

目前，各机构公布的世界常规石油储量数据存在很大差异，石油储量和品质等级缺乏国际标准、商业可采储量定义不明、某些金融或政治因素引发的蓄意误报以及技术评估自身存在的不确定性造成了数据资源的不准确性。通过对2P常规石油储量数据进行回顾和对公开储量数据进行更正，得出世界石油最终可采储量约为2万亿bbI，2P常规石油储量在8500亿～9000亿bbJ；常规石油累计产量已达1．15万亿bbI，超过最终可采储量的55％，可能已经达到峰值平台期，这表明，可轻易获取廉价石油的时代可能已经终结。

关键词：石油储量石油产量世界廉价可采储量国际标准品质等级储量定义

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Mapping super-resolution image quality

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 178-180页

作者： megan A.Steves Ke Xu Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The local quality of super-resolution microscopy images can be assessed and mapped by rolling Fourier ring correlation,even when image quality varies within a single image.

关键词： image resolution Mapping

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Recent advances and future therapy development for Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1877-1878页

作者： megan Hong Gal Bitan Department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Over 55 million people globally live with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or related dementias(ADRD)and the number is expected to double every twenty *** i l recent l y,onl y symptomatic treatments were available to patients with AD,including acetylcholine esterase inhibitors,of which the last one,galantamine,was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2001.

关键词： Alzheimer globally patients

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Prime gradient noise

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Computational Visual Media 2021年第3期7卷 349-362页

作者： Sheldon Taylor owen Sharpe Jiju Peethambaran Graphics&Spatial Computing Lab Dept.of Math&CSSaint Mary’s UniversityHailifaxNSCanadaB3H3C3

Procedural noise functions are fundamental tools in computer graphics used for synthesizing virtual geometry and texture ***,a procedural noise function should be compact,aperiodic,parameterized,and randomly *** lattice noise functions such as Perlin noise,however,exhibit periodicity due to the axial correlation induced while hashing the lattice vertices to the *** this paper,we introduce a parameterized lattice noise called prime gradient noise(PGN)that minimizes discernible periodicity in the noise while enhancing the algorithmic *** utilizes prime gradients,a set of random unit vectors constructed from subsets of prime numbers plotted in polar coordinate *** map axial indices of lattice vertices to prime gradients,PGN employs Szudzik pairing,a bijection F:N2→*** of Szudzik pairing functions are used in higher *** the core of PGN is the ability to parameterize noise generation though prime sequence offsetting which facilitates the creation of fractal noise with varying levels of heterogeneity ranging from homogeneous to hybrid multifractals.A comparative spectral analysis of the proposed noise with other noises including lattice noises show that PGN significantly reduces axial correlation and hence,periodicity in the noise *** demonstrate the utility of the proposed noise function with several examples in procedural modeling,parameterized pattern synthesis,and solid texturing.

关键词： procedural noise procedural texture Perlin noise prime numbers

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Snapshot of HIV pathogenesis in China

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 953-961页

作者： Nitin K SAKSENA megan STEAIN Retroviral Genetics Division Centre for Virus Research Westmead Millennium Institute The University of Sydney Westmead NSW 2145 Sydney Australia

Several reviews have focused on the nature of HIV infection and its spread in various geographical regions of China. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of multiple HIV-1 subtypes, consequent emergence of recombinant and novel forms of HIV-1 in China, and the implications this may have on HIV diversity and the development of effective vaccines. In addition it also examines the dissemination of primary drug resistance in therapy na?ve patients, as well as co-infections with two other important viruses-hepatitis B and C. The main purpose of this review is to provide a current snapshot of HIV-1 pathogenesis in China and possibly shed some light on the future of HIV evolution, and potential challenges for future vaccine and anti-retroviral therapeutics against HIV strains in this area.

关键词： HIV recombination circulating recombinant forms co-infections AIDS.

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Detecting the ?ngerprints of observed climate change on surface ozone variability

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Science Bulletin 2019年第6期64卷 359-360页

作者： owen R.Cooper Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

At the surface, tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that adversely impacts human health, natural vegetation and crop yield and quality. This important trace gas also plays key roles as a greenhouse gas, and as the primary source of the hydroxyl (OH) radical, which determines the lifetime of many other trace gases in the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone has a variety of sources including photochemical production from anthropogenic and naturally occurring precursor gases, and transport from the stratosphere. As a result of 让s high reactivity and its wide range of sources,*sozone lifetime can vary from minutes in the polluted boundary layer to several weeks in the mid- and upper troposphere.

关键词： tropospheric ozone greenhouse gas polluted boundary layer

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