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Operational Implementation of the ATOVS Processing Procedure in KMA and Its Validation

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第3期20卷 398-414页

作者： Myoung-Hwan AHN mee-ja kim Chu-Yong CHUNG Ae-Sook SUH RemoteSensing Research Laboratory/Meteorological Research Institute RemoteSensing Research Laboratory/Meteorological Research InstituteRemoteSensing Research Laboratory/Meteorological Research InstituteRemoteSensing Research Laboratory/Meteorological Research Institute Seoul 156-720KoreaSeoul 156-720KoreaSeoul 156-720KoreaSeoul 156-720Korea

The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has processed the data from the advanced TOVS (ATOVS) onboard NOAA-16 satellite since May 2001. The operational production utilizes the AAPP (ATOVS and AVHRR Processing Package) of EUMETSAT and IAPP (International ATOVS Processing Package) of the University of Wisconsin. For the initial guess profiles, the predicted fields (usually 6 to 12 hour forecasted fields) from the global aviation model of NOAA/NCEP are used. The average number of profiles retrieved from the ATOVS data is about 1,300 for each morning and afternoon orbit at about 18 and 06 UTC, respectively. The retrieved temperature and dew point temperatures are provided to forecasters in real time and used for initialization of prediction models. With the advanced microwave sensor (AMSU; Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit), accuracy of the ATOVS products is expected to be better than that of the TOVS products, especially in cloudy conditions. Indeed, the preliminary results from a validation study with the collocated radiosonde data during a 8-month period, from May to December 2001, for the East Asia region show an improved accuracy of the ATOVS products for cloudy skies versus the TOVS, especially for higher altitudes. The RMS (Root Mean Square) difference between the ATOVS products and radiosonde data is about 1.3°C for both clear and cloudy conditions, except for near the ground and at higher altitudes, at around 200 hPa. There is no significant temporal variation of the error statistics at all pressure levels. In case of the water vapor mixing ratio, the largest difference is shown at lower altitudes, while the accuracy is much better for the clear sky cases than the cloudy sky cases. The bias and RMSE at lower altitudes is about 0.557 g kg−1 and 2.5 g kg−1 and decrease significantly with increasing altitude.

关键词： ATOVS Processing and validation temperature and humidity profiles

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Effect of Meteorological Data Assimilation on Regional Air Quality Forecasts over the Korean Peninsula

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 262-284页

作者： Yunjae CHO Hyun mee kim Eun-Gyeong YANG Yonghee LEE jae-Bum LEE Soyoung HA Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Air Quality Forecasting Center National Institute of Environmental ResearchIncheon 22689Republic of Korea National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80305USA University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD 21250USA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA

The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),a type of online coupled chemistry-meteorology model(CCMM),considers the interaction between air quality and meteorology to improve air quality *** data assimilation(DA)can be used to reduce uncertainty in meteorological field,which is one factor causing prediction uncertainty in the *** this study,WRF-Chem and three-dimensional variational DA were used to examine the impact of meteorological DA on air quality and meteorological forecasts over the Korean *** nesting model domains were configured over East Asia(outer domain)and the Korean Peninsula(inner domain).Three experiments were conducted by using different DA domains to determine the optimal model domain for the meteorological *** the meteorological DA was performed in the outer domain or both the outer and inner domains,the root-mean-square error(RMSE),bias of the predicted particulate matter(PM)concentrations,and the RMSE of predicted meteorological variables against the observations were smaller than those in the experiment where the meteorological DA was performed only in the inner *** indicates that the improvement of the synoptic meteorological fields by DA in the outer domain enhanced the meteorological initial and boundary conditions for the inner domain,subsequently improving air quality and meteorological *** to the experiment without meteorological DA,the RMSE and bias of the meteorological and PM variables were smaller in the experiments with *** effect of meteorological DA on the improvement of PM predictions lasted for approximately 58-66 h,depending on the ***,the uncertainty reduction in the meteorological initial condition by the meteorological DA contributed to a reduction of the forecast errors of both meteorology and air quality.

关键词： meteorological data assimilation regional air quality forecast particulate matter concentration optimal model domain forecast error WRF-Chem

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New anti-mesenteric delta-shaped stapled anastomosis: Technical report with short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2592-2601页

作者： Jong Lyul Lee Yong Sik Yoon Hyun Gu Lee Young Il kim Min Hyun kim Chan Wook kim In ja Park Seok-Byung Lim Chang Sik Yu Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoul 05505South Korea Department of Surgery Gangdong Kyung Hee University HospitalSeoul 05278South Korea

BACKGROUND Medical treatment for Crohn’s disease(CD)has continuously improved,which has led to a decrease in surgical recurrence *** these advancements,25%of patients will undergo repeat intestinal *** of CD com-monly occurs on the mesentery side of the anastomosis *** To compare the new anti-mesenteric side-to-side delta-shaped stapled anasto-mosis(DSA)with the conventional stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis(CSA).METHODS This retrospective study included CD patients who underwent ileo-ileal or ileo-colic anastomosis between january 2020 and December *** DSA technique employed a stapler to maintain the concept of anti-mesentery side-to-side ana-stomosis by performing a 90°vertical closure of the open window compared with the CSA *** the corner where the open window is closed,the DSA avoids forming a pouch and creates an anastomosis resembling a delta shape within the intestinal *** compared demographics,preoperative condition,operative findings,and operative outcomes for the two *** The study included 175 patients,including 92 in the DSA group and 83 in the CSA *** two groups were similar in baseline characteristics,preoperative medical treatment,and operative findings except for the Montreal classification *** 30-days postoperative complication rate was signi-ficantly lower in the DSA group compared with the CSA group(16.3%vs 32.5%,P=0.009).Ileus incidence was significantly lower in the DSA group than in the CSA group(4.3%vs 14.5%,P=0.033),and the hospital stay was shorter in the DSA group than in the CSA group(5.67±1.53 days vs 7.39±3.68 days,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The DSA technique was feasible and showed comparable postoperative outcomes with lower short-term complic-ations compared with the CSA *** studies on CD recurrence and long-term complications are warranted.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Surgery Anastomosis Complication Recurrence

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Defining and tracing subtypes of patient-derived xenograft models in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Cancer Communications 2024年第8期44卷 915-920页

作者： Sangyeop Hyun Youngmin Han jae Yun Moon Young-Ah Suh Won-Gun Yun Wooil Kwon Jong-Eun Lee Daeun kim ja-Lok Ku Jin-Young jang Daechan Park Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Molecular Science and Technology Research Center Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea DNA Link Inc. SeoulRepublic of Korea Korean Cell Line Bank Laboratory of Cell BiologyCancer Research InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea

Patient-derived xenograft(PDX)models have been used to explore therapeutic opportunities for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)[1].Although original tumor characteristics are altered by cancer-stromal interactions... 详细信息

关键词： adenocarcinoma ductal xenograft

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Flexible thermocouple using a thermoelectric graphene fiber with a seamless junction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 15-22页

作者： Seungwon kim Soomook Lim Myeong Hee Jeong Wonjoon kim Seunghyun Baik Ji Won Suk School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Smart Fab.Technology Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea

Temperature is an important physical variable that indicates the condition of the human body and artificial *** wearable applications require the development of temperature sensors with different form *** this study,a fiber-shaped thermoelectric temperature sensor is fabricated using a continuous graphene fiber whose two halves possess different reduction states.A seamless junction is formed by partially reducing a wet-spun graphene oxide fiber with hydroiodic acid(HI)solutions of different ***-half of the fiber is mildly reduced with 0.97 wt%HI,while the other half is highly reduced with 30.6 wt%*** different reduction states of the graphene composite fiber result in different Seebeck coefficients,allowing for the fabrication of a fiber-shaped graphene thermocou-ple without any laborious *** flexible graphene thermocouple exhibits high sensitivity with a thermopower of 12.5μV K^(-1)in the temperature range of room temperature to∼70℃.Furthermore,it exhibits high linearity with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.995 and fast response with a time constant of 0.24 *** to its mechanical robustness and flexibility,the stand-alone graphene ther-mocouple can be knitted into a cotton fabric glove,which presents a fast response to environmental changes without any external power *** work offers a unique fabrication method for producing a high-performance,flexible thermocouple that features a seamless and clear junction without the use of additional *** alternative method eliminates the complicated assembly processes typically required for conventional thermocouples.

关键词： Graphene fiber Thermocouple Reduced graphene oxide Flexible temperature sensor Seebeck coefficient

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Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma expressing cytokeratin 19:Comparison with other liver cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第34期18卷 4751-4757页

作者： Jung Il Lee Jin-Woo Lee Joon mee kim ja Kyung kim Hyun Jung Chung Young Soo kim Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineInha UniversityIncheon 400-711South Korea Department of Pathology School of MedicineInha UniversityIncheon 400-711South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineGangnam Severance HospitalSeoul 135-720South Korea

AIM:To investigate whether expressing biliary phenotype predicted poor outcome after the surgical treatment in primary liver cancers. METHODS:Out of 204 patients that underwent liver resection due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver specimens of 70 patients with HCC were evaluated for biliary components by cytokeratin (CK) 19 immunostain (CK19 - HCC and CK19 + HCC). CK19 positivity was defined as membranous and/or cytoplasmic expression in ≥ 5% of tumor cells with moderate or strong intensity. Patients with other primary liver cancers, such as com- bined HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC), intrahe- patic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who received curative liver resection, were also included in the study. Clinical characteristics of CK19-HCC and CK19 + HCC patients, including survival outcome after curative liver resection, were compared with that of cHCC-CC and ICC patients. RESULTS: The overall survival (OS) rate of CK19 - HCC(n = 49) after the curative surgical treatment was 90.7%, and 80.4% at 1 and 5 years after the resection. OS rate of CK19 + HCC (n = 21) was 74.3%, 28.9% and OS rate of cHCC-CC (n = 22) was 66.7%, 32.2% at 1 and 5 years after the surgery. For ICC (n = 19), 1 and 5-year-OS rate was 50.2% and 14.3% after the cura-tive resection. The OS rates of CK19 + HCC and cHCC-CC were significantly lower than that of CK19-HCC, but higher than the OS rate of ICC (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in OS rate between CK19 + HCC and cHCC-CC. The disease free survival (DFS) rate of CK19-HCC was 72.0% and 54.5% at 1 and 3 years after the surgical treatment. DFS rate of CK19 + HCC was 53.3%, 34.3% and DFS rate of cHCC- CC was 51.5%, 39.2% at 1 and 3 years after the resection. For ICC, 1 and 3-year-DFS rate was 28.0% and 14.0% after the curative resection. DFS rate of CK19-HCC was significantly higher than that of ICC (P = 0.017), but marginally higher than DFS rate of either CK19 + HCC or cHCC-CC (P = 0.097, P = 0.089, respec-tively).

关键词： Cytokeratin 19 Hepatocellular carcinoma Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Liver cancers Hepa-tectomy

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Phosphorylated p70S6K in urothelial carcinoma of the tumor recurrence noninvasive low-grade bladder： correlation with

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 611-617页

作者： Soon-ja kim Jung Hoon kim Hui Seok Jung Tae-Jin Lee Kyung mee Lee In Ho Chang Department of Convergence Medicine and Pharmaceutical Biosciences Chung-Ang University Graduate School Seoul Department of Urology Department of Pathology Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.

We investigated whether inhibiting phosphorylated p70S6K （p-p70S6K） suppresses the proliferation and growth of noninvasive low-grade urothelial carcinoma （LG-URCa） in vitro and whether p-p70S6K can serve as a predictive biomarker for the recurrence of noninvasive LG-URCa of the bladder in patients. We constructed a tissue microarray （TMA） for 95 LG-URCa and 35 benign urothelium samples and performed immunohistochemical staining for p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1. A Cox regression model was used to investigate the predictive factors for recurrence of LG-URCa. We investigated the dose-dependent antiproliferative effect of rapamycin, its antiproliferative effect and the growth-inhibition effect of p70S6K siRNA transfection in RT4 and 253J cell lines. The pT1 staged group （P 〈 0.05; hazard ratio （HR）, 2.415） and the high p-p70S6K staining group （P 〈 0.05; HR, 2.249） were independent factors for predicting recurrence. Rapamycin inhibited RT4 and 253J cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner （r = -0.850, P 〈 0.001 in RT4 cells; r = -0.835, P 〈 0.001 in 253J cells）. RT4 and 253J cell proliferation and growth were inhibited by the transfection of p70S6K siRNA and rapamycin, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Transfection of p70S6K siRNA resulted in inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and growth that were similar to those of rapamycin. Our results suggest that inhibiting p70S6K phosphorylation is important to prevent recurrence and that p70S6K phosphorylation can be used as a molecular biomarker to predict recurrence of certain LG-URCa of the bladder.

关键词： bladder cancer p7OS6K

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AMPK-associated signaling to bridge the gap between fuel metabolism and hepatocyte viability

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3731-3742页

作者： Yoon mee Yang Chang Yeob Han Yoon Jun kim Sang Geon kim Inno- vative Drug Research Center for Metabolic and Inflammatory Disease College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 151-742South Korea Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 110-744South Korea

The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 pathway may serve as a key signaling flow that regulates energy metabolism; thus, this pathway becomes an attractive target for the treatment of liver diseases that result from metabolic derangements. In addition, AMPK emerges as a kinase that controls the redox-state and mitochondrial function, whose activity may be modulated by antioxidants. A close link exists between fuel metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. The relationship between fuel metabolism and cell survival strongly implies the existence of a shared signaling network, by which hepatocytes respond to challenges of external stimuli. The AMPK pathway may belong to this network. A series of drugs and therapeutic candidates enable hepatocytes to protect mitochondria from radical stress and increase cell viability, which may be associated with the activation of AMPK, liver kinase B1, and other molecules or components. Consequently, the components downstream of AMPK may contribute to stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential for hepatocyte survival. In this review, we discuss the role of the AMPK pathway in hepatic energy metabolism and hepatocyte viability. This information may help identify ways to prevent and/or treat hepatic diseases caused by the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, clinical drugs and experimental therapeutic candidates that directly or indirectly modulate the AMPK pathway in distinct manners are discussed here with particular emphasis on their effects on fuel metabolism and mitochondrial function.

关键词： Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Cell survival Energy metabolism Fatty liver Insulin resistance Glycogen synthase kinase 3β p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1

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Effect of Doubling the Ensemble Size on the Performance of Ensemble Prediction in the Warm Season Using MOGREPS Implemented at the KMA

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第5期30卷 1287-1302页

作者： Jun Kyung KAY Hyun mee kim Young-Youn PARK Joohyung SON Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Korea Meteorological Administration

Using the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System （MOGREPS） implemented at the Korea Meteorological Administration （KMA）, the effect of doubling the ensemble size on the performance of ensemble prediction in the warm season was evaluated. Because a finite ensemble size causes sampling error in the full forecast probability distribution function （PDF）, ensemble size is closely related to the efficiency of the ensemble prediction system. Prediction capability according to doubling the ensemble size was evaluated by increasing the number of ensembles from 24 to 48 in MOGREPS implemented at the KMA. The initial analysis perturbations generated by the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter （ETKF） were integrated for 10 days from 22 May to 23 June 2009. Several statistical verification scores were used to measure the accuracy, reliability, and resolution of ensemble probabilistic forecasts for 24 and 48 ensemble member forecasts. Even though the results were not significant, the accuracy of ensemble prediction improved slightly as ensemble size increased, especially for longer forecast times in the Northern Hemisphere. While increasing the number of ensemble members resulted in a slight improvement in resolution as forecast time increased, inconsistent results were obtained for the scores assessing the reliability of ensemble prediction. The overall performance of ensemble prediction in terms of accuracy, resolution, and reliability increased slightly with ensemble size, especially for longer forecast times.

关键词： ensemble prediction ensemble size ensemble transform Kalman filter

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Nuclear Planetology:Especially Concerning the Moon and Mars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第10期12卷 1313-1380页

作者： Kyeong ja kim Nobuyuki Hasebe Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Daejeon305-350 Korea Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda UniversityShinjukuTokyo 169-8555 Japan

To approach basic scientific questions on the origin and evolution of plan- etary bodies such as planets, their satellites and asteroids, one needs data on their chemical composition. The measurements of gamma-rays, X-rays and neutrons emit- ted from their surface materials provide information on abundances of major elements and naturally radioactive gamma-ray emitters. Neutron spectroscopy can provide sen- sitive maps of hydrogen- and carbon-containing compounds, even if buried, and can uniquely identify layers of carbon-dioxide frost. Nuclear spectroscopy, as a means of compositional analysis, has been applied via orbital and lander spacecraft to extrater- restrial planetary bodies： the Moon, Venus, Mars, Mercury and asteroids. The knowl- edge of their chemical abundances, especially concerning the Moon and Mars, has greatly increased in recent years. This paper describes the principle of nuclear spec- troscopy, nuclear planetary instruments carried on planetary missions so far, and the nature of observational results and findings of the Moon and Mars, recently obtained by nuclear spectroscopy.

关键词： nuclear planetology: planetary remote sensing -- elemental mapping --nuclear science payloads -- chemical abundance

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