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Performance of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score,Comparison with Vibration-controlled Transient Elastography Data,and Development of a Simple Algorithm to Predict Significant Liver Fibrosis in a Community-based Liver Service:A Retrospective Evaluation

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 800-808页

作者： Tina Reinson Janisha Patel mead mathews Derek Fountain Ryan M.Buchanan Christopher DByrne Nutrition and Metabolism Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CenterUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Hepatology Department University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK St Mary’s Surgery SouthamptonUK Core Minutes Ltd RingwoodUK Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Background and Aims:Liver fibrosis is a key risk factor for cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver *** National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for assessment for advanced(≥F3)liver fibrosis in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease recommend the use of enhanced liver fibrosis(ELF)test,followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE).Performance of ELF at predicting significant(≥F2)fibrosis in real-world practice is *** assess the accuracy of ELF using VCTE;investigate the optimum ELF cutoff value to identify≥F2and≥F3;and develop a simple algorithm,with and without ELF score,for detecting≥***:Retrospective evaluation of patients referred to a Community Liver Service for VCTE,Jan-Dec *** included:body mass index(BMI),diabetes status,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,ELF score and biopsy-validated fibrosis stages according to ***:Data from 273 patients were available.n=110 patients had *** showed fair performance for≥F2 and≥F3,area under the curve(AUC)=0.70,95%confidence interval(CI)0.64-0.76 and AUC=0.72,95%CI:0.65-0.79 ***≥F2 Youden's index for ELF=9.85 and for≥F3,ELF=*** ALT,BMI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)to predict≥F2 showed good performance(AUC=0.80,95%CI:0.69-0.92),adding ALBA to ELF improved performance(AUC=0.82,95%CI:0.77-0.88).Results were independently ***:Optimal ELF cutoff for≥F2 is 9.85 and 9.95 for≥***,BMI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)can stratify patients at risk of≥*** is improved by adding ALBA.

关键词： Primary health care Retrospective evaluation Liver disease Diabetes Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Hyperparameters Tuning of Machine Learning Models for Big COVID-19 Data Analysis

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 160-183页

作者： Hend S. Salem Mohamed A. mead Ghada S. El-Taweel Department of Computer Sciences Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt

Analyzing big data, especially medical data, helps to provide good health care to patients and face the risks of death. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public health worldwide, emphasizing the need for effective risk prediction models. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise in analyzing complex data patterns and predicting disease outcomes. The accuracy of these techniques is greatly affected by changing their parameters. Hyperparameter optimization plays a crucial role in improving model performance. In this work, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to effectively search the hyperparameter space and improve the predictive power of the machine learning models by identifying the optimal hyperparameters that can provide the highest accuracy. A dataset with a variety of clinical and epidemiological characteristics linked to COVID-19 cases was used in this study. Various machine learning models, including Random Forests, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, and Neural Networks, were utilized to capture the complex relationships present in the data. To evaluate the predictive performance of the models, the accuracy metric was employed. The experimental findings showed that the suggested method of estimating COVID-19 risk is effective. When compared to baseline models, the optimized machine learning models performed better and produced better results.

关键词： Big COVID-19 Data Machine Learning Hyperparameter Optimization Particle Swarm Optimization Computational Intelligence

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The role of miRNA in retinal ganglion cell health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 516-522页

作者： Ben mead Stanislav Tomarev School of Optometry and Vision Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

miRNA are short non-coding RNA responsible for the knockdown of proteins through their targeting and silencing of complimentary m RNA *** mi RNA landscape of a cell thus affects the levels of its proteins and has significant consequences to its *** in this mi RNA landscape have been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and have also garnered interest as targets for *** ganglion cells are the sole projection neuron of the retina with their axons making up the optic *** are a focus of study not only for their importance in vision and the myriad of blinding diseases characterized by their dysfunction and loss,but also as a model of other central nervous system diseases such as spinal cord injury and traumatic brain *** review summarizes current knowledge on the role of mi RNA in retinal ganglion cell function,highlighting how perturbations can result in disease,and how modulating their abundance may provide a novel avenue of therapeutic research.

关键词： exosome extracellular vesicle glaucoma miRNA neurodegenerative disease optic neuropathy retina retinal ganglion cell

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Extracellular vesicles as a potential therapeutic for age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1876-1880页

作者： Lorraine L.C.Chow Ben mead School of Optometry and Vision Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Age-related macular degeneration is a major global cause of central visual impairment and seve re vision *** an aging population,the already immense economic burden of costly anti-vascular endothelial growth fa ctor treatment is likely to *** addition,current conventional treatment is only available for the late neovascular stage of age-related macular degeneration,and injections can come with potentially devastating complications,introducing the need for more economical and ris kfree *** recent years,exosomes,which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles of an endocytic origin,have shown immense potential as diagnostic biomarkers and in the therapeutic application,as they are bestowed with characte ristics including an expansive cargo that closely resembles their parent cell and exceptional ability of intercellular communication and targeting neighboring *** are currently undergoing clinical trials for various conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases;however,exosomes as a potential therapy for seve ral retinal diseases have just begun to undergo scrutinizing investigation with little literature on age-related macular degeneration *** article will focus on the limited literature availa ble on exosome transplantation treatment in age-related macular degeneration animal models and in vitro cell cultures,as well as briefly identify future research *** literature on exosome therapy using agerelated macular degeneration rodent models includes laser retinal injury,N-methyl-N-nitrosourea,and royal college of surgeon models,which mimic inflammatory and degenerative aspects of agerelated macular *** have shown promising results in preserving retinal function and morphology,as well as protecting photoreceptors from *** from their respective cellular origins may also act by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cyto kines,mRNAs,and proteins involved in photo

关键词： age-related macular degeneration exosomes extracellular vesicles miRNA neuroprotection photoreceptors retina retinal pigment epithelium

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Frictional shear stress of ZnO nanowires on natural and pyrolytic graphite substrates

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Friction 2022年第12期10卷 2059-2068页

作者： Lizhen HOU Maofen HOU Tursunay YIBIBULLA James Lee mead Sergej FATIKOW Shiliang WANG Han HUANG Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education School of Physics and Electronic ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Division Microrobotics and Control Engineering Department of Computing ScienceUniversity of OldenburgOldenburg D-26129Germany School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

The friction behaviour of ZnO nanowires on natural graphite(NG)and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG)substrates was tested in ambient conditions by use of optical microscopy based *** on the step-free and waviness-free NG substrate exhibit a diameter-independent nominal frictional shear stress of 0.48 MPa,and this provides a benchmark for studying how the surface topography of graphite influences nanowire *** on the HOPG substrate present a significant diameter-dependent frictional shear stress,increasing from 0.25 to 2.78 MPa with the decrease of nanowire diameter from 485 to 142 *** waviness of HOPG has a limited effect on the nanowire friction,as a nanowire can fully conform to the *** surface steps on the HOPG can significantly enhance the nanowire friction and lead to a much higher frictional shear stress than that on NG due to mechanical blocking and the presence of a Schwoebel barrier at step *** surface steps,however,can also generate small wedge-shaped gaps between a nanowire and substrate,and thus reduce the nanowire *** the decrease in nanowire diameter,the capacity for the nanowire to better conform to the substrate reduces the length of the wedge-shaped gaps,leading to the observed increase in nanowire *** results have improved our understanding of the unique friction behaviour of *** an improved understanding is expected to benefit the design and operation of nanowire-friction-based devices,including bio-inspired fibrillar adhesives,soft grippers,rotary nanomotors,and triboelectric nanogenerators.

关键词： frictional shear stress nanowires graphite surface step waviness

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Retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by growth factors and exosomes:lessons from mesenchymal stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 228-229页

作者： Ben mead Stanislav Tomarev Section of retinal ganglion cell biology laboratory of retinal cell and molecular biologynational eye institutenational institutes of healthBethesdaMDUSA

Retinal ganglions cells （RGCs） are responsible for propagating electrochemical information from the eye to the brain along their axons which make up the optic nerve. The loss of RGCs is characteristic in several conditions such as glaucoma and trau- matic optic neuropathy and leads to visual loss and blindness. While no therapy exists to directly treat RGCs, the use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） has shown promise in eliciting significant RGC neuroprotection.

关键词： BMSCs Retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by growth factors and exosomes lessons from mesenchymal stem cells PDGFR

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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection and axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 371-373页

作者： Ben mead Ben A.Scheven Neurotrauma Research Group Neurobiology SectionSchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Birmingham School of Dentistry University of Birmingham

Retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） are responsible for propagat- ing signals derived from visual stimuli in the eye to the brain, along their axons within the optic nerve to the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus and visu- al cortex of the brain. Damage to the optic nerve either through trauma, such as head injury, or degenerative dis- ease, such as glaucoma causes irreversible loss of function through degeneration of non-regenerating RGC axons and death of irreplaceable RGCs, ultimately leading to blindness （Berry et al., 2008）. The degeneration of RGCs and their axons is due to the loss of the necessary source of retrogradely transported neurotrophic factors （NTFs） being hindered by axonal injury. NTFs are survival factors for neurons and play a pivotal part in axon regeneration. Stem cells particularly mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been shown to possess a natural intrinsic capacity for paracrine support, releasing multiple signalling mol- ecules including NTFs. By transplanting MSCs into the vitreous, they are positioned adjacent to the injured reti- na to provide paracrine-mediated therapy for the retinal neuronal cells （Johnson et al., 2010a; mead et al., 2013）. Additionally, MSCs may be pre-differentiated into sup- portive glial-like cells, such as Schwann cells, which could further increase their potential for paracrine support of injured neurons （Martens et al., 2013）. Thus, MSCs have received considerable attention as a new cellular therapy for both traumatic and degenerative eye disease, acting as an alternative source of NTFs, protecting injured RGCs and promoting regeneration of their axons （Figure 1）.

关键词： DPSCs RGCs BMSCs stem Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection and axon regeneration cell

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解决一维材料黏附行为的实验方法综述

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Engineering 2023年第5期24卷 39-72,I0001,I0002页

作者： James L.mead Shiliang Wang Sören Zimmermann Sergej Fatikow Han Huang Department of Computing Science University of OldenburgOldenburg D-26129Germany School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

一维(1D)材料(如纳米管和纳米线)的黏附行为在集成一维组件的新型器件以及基于一维阵列的仿生黏合剂的有效制造、功能和可靠性中起着决定性作用。本文汇编并批判性地评估了最近的实验技术,旨在表征由一维材料形成的界面的粘附行为(包括... 详细信息

一维(1D)材料(如纳米管和纳米线)的黏附行为在集成一维组件的新型器件以及基于一维阵列的仿生黏合剂的有效制造、功能和可靠性中起着决定性作用。本文汇编并批判性地评估了最近的实验技术,旨在表征由一维材料形成的界面的粘附行为(包括当这些材料与衬底或邻近的一维材料接触时)。讨论了一维材料与表面的构象以及与之相关的多粗糙度接触的发生,并探讨了界面附着和剥离过程中黏附和摩擦的耦合。考虑了一维材料作为增强剂在纳米复合材料中的应用以及相关的界面表征技术。研究了样品制备和黏附测试过程中存在的环境条件对一维界面相互作用的潜在影响,并最终改变了一维材料的粘附行为。最后,简要介绍了当前的挑战和未来的方向,包括测试环境的系统调查和通过表面改性改变附着力。

关键词：一维材料纳米复合材料一维阵列界面相互作用样品制备表面改性新型器件增强剂

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HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention in India : Modeling the Costs and Consequences

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丛书名： Health, Nutrition, and Population Series

2004年

作者： Over A. mead.

ISBN: (纸本)0821356577

How should governments respond to the increasing domestic and international pressures to finance antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients? Once prohibitively expensive outside rich countries, antiretroviral therapy is now increasingly affordable, especially in India where patent laws and a dynamic pharmaceutical industry have facilitated the production and marketing of some of the best available drug combinations at prices below a dollar a day. This title projects the future implications of three alternative AIDS treatment financing policies for the health burden of AIDS in India and for its overall health expenditures. The Indian government's 2004 treatment initiative contains elements of all three of these options. Written by an interdisciplinary team of AIDS experts, the book presents new data on the supply and demand for antiretroviral treatment in India and new models of the epidemiological effects and the financial costs of alternative policies. The book shows that the lower prices of antiretroviral therapy, plus the fact that therapy can reduce transmission by the treated patient, imply that such therapy could save healthy years of life at a cost of between $146 and $280 per year. However, these conclusions depend on the assumption that treatment has no effect on risk behavior in key populations which account for most of the epidemic's spread. Sensitivity analysis reveals that multiplier effects due to behavioral responses would overwhelm the direct biological effects of treatment, leading the authors to recommend that India proceed cautiously. Careful monitoring of the population's response to treatment availability should suggest how to maximize the beneficial effects of treatment on risk behavior and to avoid the perverse effects

关键词： AIDS (Disease)

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A laterally sensitive colloidal probe for accurately measuring nanoscale adhesion of textured surfaces

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Nano Research 2019年第2期12卷 389-396页

作者： Soren Zimmermann Waldemar Klauser James mead Shiliang Wang Han Huang Sergej Fatikow Department of Computing Science University of Oldenburg Oldenburg D-26129 Germany School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Changsha 410083 China

Adhesiion assessment of nanoscale contacts is a critical capability for the development of future nanoelectromechanical systems and nanobiotechnology devices. However, experimental approaches to investigate interactions on micro- and nanostructured surfaces have predominantly been restricted to capturing adhesion force in the normal direction. This provides limited information about the multidimensional nature of surface texture and related interaction mechanisms. Here the design, fabrication, and application of a unique atomic force microscope probe is presented that consists of a focused ion beam-milled cantilever decorated with a colloidal particle. The probe is specifically developed for characterizing textured surfaces with lateral force feedback. Pull-off tests that map the adhesive interaction in microscale cavities are performed to exami ne the capability of the probe. Normal and lateral adhesive forces duri ng nano scale contact are accurately obtai ned and the adhesi on en ergy of the con tact interface is thus determi ned. An in-depth un dersta nding of the effects of surface texture and the correlati on of adhesi on and fricti on is dem on strated. The proposed methodology en ables dedicated in vestigatio ns of in terfacial in teracti on on various norvplanar surfaces. It can be used for un dersta nding the complex in terplay of adhesi on, con tact, and fricti on forces at nano scale, which may facilitate significant advances in challenging research areas such as fibrillar adhesion.

关键词： nanoscale adhesion friction atomic force microscope colloidal probe lateral sensitivity

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