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Identification of the Amplification Mechanism in the First Free-Electron Laser as Net Stimulated Free-Electron Two-Quantum Stark Emission

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第5期26卷 86-89页

作者： S. h. Kim 6300 Roundrock Trail 4203 Plano Texas 75023 USA

We find that the electron phase with respect to the incident laser radiation must be random in the first freeelectron laser （FEL） and, hence, the incident laser radiation works as a relaxation force to keep a Maxwellian distribution. We formulate the threshold laser intensity for amplification which agrees with the measured value in the order of magnitude in the first FEL. The magnetic wiggler must produce an electric wiggler whose period is the same as that of the magnetic wiggler. We find that net stimulated free-electron two-quantum Stark （FETQS） emission driven by this electric wiggler is the mechanism responsible for the measured gain and the measured laser intensity at the plateau in the first FEL.

关键词： gamma-ray bursts gamma-rays relativity

Microvascular Changes in the Retrobulbar Optic Nerve in Idiopathic Intracranial hypertension

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眼科学报 1999年第1期15卷 7-12页

作者： Xinzu Gu, X.h. Lin, h.G. Saddati, Y.Zhong, h.Y.hsu, A.A.SadunZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060 , China Department of Ophthalmology, USC School of Medicine , Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles , CA 90033 Correspondence: Xinzu Gu, md, PhD, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences 54 Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510060 China

Purpose : To examine the microvascular changes in the retrobulbar optic nerve in idio-pathic intracranial hypertension (PTC).Methods: Both optic nerves from a 29-year-old man with a two year history of PTC were examined histologically and morphometrically. A semi-automated image analysis system and paraphenylenediamine (PPD) stain were employed to resolve sufficiently the microvascular images for counts and ***: There were 150 vessels distributed in the optic nerves which revealed the following: The average lumen of the vessels in outer sectors were larger than those of the inner sector vessels (168. 17μm2vs. 46. 99μm2; p = 0. 0338;OD; and 251. 96μm2vs. 130.02μm2;p = 0.029;OS) while in the normal control optic nerve the outer and inner area lumens were reversed in size-differential, but this did not show a statistical difference. The thickness of the PTC optic nerve vessel walls in the outer sectors was also greater than that of the walls in the inner sectors (4. 95μm vs. 2. 67μm;

关键词：神经微脉管轴突退化原发性颅骨内高血压

Erythrocyte invasions and receptor heterogeneity in field isolates of Nanay river basin Iquitos

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第8期5卷 589-593页

作者： Kuppusamy Chenniappan Sarah h Johns Laboratorio de Investigacion deproductos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia UNAPPampa chicaIquitosPeru 065

Objective:To determine whether the requirements for sialic acid varies and whether several types of silaic acid independent receptors utilized for invasion mechanisms of fresh filed isolates collected around Nanay river basin,***:The field isolates were cultured as described previously by Jensen and Trager and MR4 protocol with little *** erythrocytes preparation and subsequent enzyme treatment was done as described previously by *** little *** assay was performed as described previously by Sharma et al with little ***:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand *** we observed that an equal numbers of neuraminidase sensitive and resistant invasion receptor-ligand interaction profiles as the most common receptor-ligand invasion *** resistance trypsin sensitive chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_RT_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interaction profile was found in seven isolates,Five field isolates and one reference strain showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistant(NM_RT_SCT_R) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, six isolates including one reference strains dd2 showed neuraminidase sensitive,trypsin and chymotrypsin resistance(NM_ST_RCT_R) indicating its dependence on sialic acids and independence of trypsin and chymotrypsin sensitive *** isolates showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_ST_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, seven isolates were neuraminidase resistant,trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistance (NM_RT_SCT_R) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions,indicating its dependence on trypsin sensitive ***:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand interactions.A full understanding of theses invasion mechanisms may allow the developm

关键词： Nanay river basin Invasion Sialic acid Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Microbial desulfurization of fuel oil

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第5期47卷 365-369页

作者： h. D. Blankespoor Biology Department of hope College Holland

Culture conditions of desulfurization microbes were investigated with a bioreactor controlled by computer. Factors such as ph, choice of carbon source, optimal concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur sources were determined. The addition of carbon in a culture with a constant ph greatly improved the growth of Rhodococcus. Cells and cell debris from microbes rested using a sulfur-specific pathway were used to desulfurize diesel oil treated by hy-drodesulfurization (acquired from the Research Institute of Fushun Petroleum with total sulfur level at 205μg/mL). Strains lawq, IG, X7B, ZT, ZCR, and a mixture of No. 5 and No. 6, were used in the biodesulfurization process. The reduction of total sulfur was between 10.6% and 90.3%.

关键词： dibenzothiophene (DBT) biodesulfurization (BDS) hy-drodesulfurization (hDS) fuel oil.

麻醉住院医师行随机药物检测可降低药物成瘾的发生率：来自一项研究的初步结果

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麻醉与镇痛 2013年第6期9卷 1-6页

作者： Michael G. Fitzsimons, md Keith h. Baker, md, PhD Edward Lowenstein, md Warren M. Zapol, md 邱必军(译) 俞卫锋(校) Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts 不详

麻醉住院医师中药物滥用的发生率为1％～2％，并且近80％的培训计划中会有一个或更多的住院医师存在这个问题。教育与管制上的努力对降低药物滥用的发生率是失败的。为了患者的身体健康，麻醉医师负有远离成瘾性药物的职业责任。我们制... 详细信息

麻醉住院医师中药物滥用的发生率为1％～2％，并且近80％的培训计划中会有一个或更多的住院医师存在这个问题。教育与管制上的努力对降低药物滥用的发生率是失败的。为了患者的身体健康，麻醉医师负有远离成瘾性药物的职业责任。我们制定了一个项目拟通过对录用前的麻醉科住院医师进行随机尿液检测以降低药物滥用的发生率。虽然存在逻辑和文化上的障碍，但我们证明该计划的可行性。仍需要大型的多中心研究来决定是否需要制定一项随机尿液检测项目以降低麻醉科住院医师药物滥用的发生率。

关键词：住院医师麻醉医师发生率药物成瘾药物检测随机药物滥用尿液检测

The Prospects of Blue Economy to Promote Bangladesh into a Middle-Income Country

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第3期8卷 355-369页

作者： md. Monjur hasan B. M. Sajjad hossain md. Jobaer Alam K. M. Azam Chowdhury Ahmad Al Karim Nuruddin md. Khaled Chowdhury School of Law and Political Science Ocean University of China Qingdao China Department of Law Gono Bishwabidyalay (University) Savar Dhaka Bangladesh University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Oceanography University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China Ministry of Foreign Affairs Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Geology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Geosciences Texas Tech University Lubbock USA

This paper draws attention to the prospects of sea-based economy to promote Bangladesh in a middle-income country through the sustainable use of marine resources. About three-fourths of the earth is covered by the seas. It plays the vital role in two important functions from ancient time known as the means of communication and the source of huge living and non-living natural resources. At present, the countries are becoming very much concerned about their marine resources to resolve many of the present and future challenges of their economies. Generally for Bangladesh, ocean is contributing a significant role to its overall socio-economic progress through rising up the economic activities across the country and especially to the coastal zone at southern part. This paper investigates how much Bangladesh is capable to take of or handle the challenges to become a middle income country through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, it has attempted with a closer-look to find out the barriers or limitations of these activities from different angles if exist.

关键词： Blue Economy Sustainable Development Marine Resources Middle-Income Country Bangladesh

Regulating lithium nucleation and growth by zinc modified current collectors

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Nano Research 2020年第1期13卷 45-51页

作者： Na Zhang Seung-ho Yu héctor D.Abruna Baker Laboratory Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul02841Republic of Korea

Lithium metal is commonly regarded as the“holy Grail”anode material for high energy density rechargeable ***,the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites has posed safety concerns and thus greatly hindered its large-scale *** we have modified the surface of a commercial anode current collector,Cu foil,with a thin layer of Zn by a facile electroplating method,in order to regulate the Li nucleation and the following growth *** of the formation of a solid solution buffer layer and Li-Zn alloy phases,the Li nucleation overpotential was dramatically reduced,realizing a uniform Li nucleation and a smooth Li plating *** a result,significantly improved long-term cycling performance with a high Coulombic efficiency was achieved by the lithiophilic Zn coated Cu foil as a current *** cells of Li-LiFePO4 and Li-S using the Li deposited on the Zn modified Cu as the anode,showed increased capacity with low voltage hysteresis and greatly enhanced cycling stability,ascribed to the uniform Li deposition and formation of a stable SEI *** work demonstrates the feasibility of employing lithiophilic modified Cu foils as Li metal current collectors for practical applications.

关键词： lithium metal anode lithium dendrite current collector zinc layer

New horizons in genetics and nutrition

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中国临床营养杂志 2000年第1期8卷 49-50页

作者： Peter Ftirst, md, PhD, (University of hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany(德国) University of hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

From the emergence of the genus "homo" over 2 million years age,until the agricultrural revoution of roughly 10. 000 years age our ancestors were hunter-gatherers,so the adaptive pressures inherent in that environmental niche have exerted defining influence on human genetic make up. The portion of our genome that determines basic anatomy and physio1ogy has remained relatively unchanged over the past 40. 000 years. Consequently, the complex interrelationship between energy intake, energy expenditure and specific physical activity requirements for current humans remains very similar to that orginally selected for stone age men and women who lived by gathering and *** hypothesis set forth by Eaton and Konner suggests that our genes, adapted over millions of years to the lifestyle of our prehis toric ancestors oprly tolerate the dramatic changes in our medern Iifestyle like stress, reduced physical activity, consumption of chemi cals including drugs; the profound alteration in our ha habits having occurred over the past few hundred years, fat consumption having increased from about 20 % of energy intake in the 1 850ies to about 50% toclay. It is calculated that the diet of our Paleolithic forefathers contained 5 to 10 times as much fiber as does the contemporary diet,5 to 10 times as much - 3 fatty acids,vitamins and antioxidants and up to 3 times as much protein. In contrast modern ha contains lo to 2O times as much whium salts and at least 4 times as much saturated *** changes in diet together with smoking, hypertension,obesity and intolerance have conspired to create the present epidemic of chronic diseases which account for more than half of all deaths and huge health costS in affluent Western *** with these dramatic changes data from around the wold indicate that the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases vary among individuals, families and nations. Inded, the susceptibility to chronic diseases such as coronary artere dise

关键词：遗传学营养学生理学基因组

Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of japonica Rice Varied with Production Areas in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第10期12卷 1748-1756页

作者： YANG Xiao-yu LIN Zhao-miao LIU Zheng-hui md A Alim BI Jun-guo LI Gang-hua WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua DING Yan-feng College of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops

Northeast of China and Jiangsu Province are major production areas of japonica rice in *** from northeast of China is well-known for its good-eating and appearance quality,and that from Jiangsu Province is viewed as ***,little is known concerning the difference in physicochemical and sensory properties of rice between the major two production *** of 16 commercial rice samples showed marked differences in physicochemical properties,including chalky grain rate,contents of amylose and protein and pasting properties between the two main *** rice contained more shortchain amylopectin as compared with Jiangsu ***,Jiangsu rice is comparable to northeastern rice in terms of sensory quality including overall acceptability and textural properties of springiness,stickiness and hardness as evaluated by trained *** results indicated the limitation of conventional index of physicochemical properties,and suggested the necessity of identification of new factors controlling rice sensory *** addition,the taste analyzer from Japan demonstrates limitation in distinguishing the differences between northeastern and Jiangsu rice,and therefore needs localization to fit China.

关键词： rice sensory property physicochemical property production environment