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Wildfire in Australia during 2019-2020, Its Impact on Health, Biodiversity and Environment with Some Proposals for Risk Management: A Review

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第6期12卷 391-414页

作者： md. Kamrul Haque md. Abul Kalam Azad md. Yeamin Hossain Tareq ahmed Minhaz Uddin md. Mukhtar Hossain Department of Crop Science and Technology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Fisheries Faculty of Agriculture University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science Sylhet Agricultural University Sylhet Bangladesh School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China

Wildfire is closely associated with human society and having its effect on earth as well as on its environment for more than 350 million years. It is a very common phenomenon from the ancient period, has hazardous effects on both environment and human life. This study mainly focuses on the review of wildfire of Australia during 2019-2020 regarding its distribution, status of fatality influences on different environmental factors, consequences and some proposals for its mitigation. In this review paper, a modified edition of the principled review methodology was followed in compiling the most reliable data to support the bushfire in Australia belonging to its causes of occurrences and impacts. The bushfire was started in mid-June in 2019, and it is still now burning in hundreds of places of different parts of Australia, and the forest of New South Wales, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland and Victoria were being burnt deadly. The accumulating data exposed the year 2019 as the driest and warmest year with lowest rainfall that might be the potential causes of bushfires in Australia. Moreover, maximum forest land of Australia is covered by naturally grown Eucalyptus trees which are generally flammable and supply oil type fuel during bushfires. Bushfire deteriorates the quality of soil, water and air of the locality up to many hundreds or thousands of kilometers away in increasing the emission of toxic substances and carbon rate. Around more than 3 billion native vertebrates, 143 million mammals, 2.46 billion reptiles, 181 million birds, 51 million frogs were burnt out by bushfires of 2020 in Australia. More than US$110 billion financial loss has been determined due to this fire of Australia. In some cases, it is also helpful for forest land. Sometimes it helps to continue the forest ecosystem by burning unwanted plants, animals and microscopic compounds. To reduce the hazard needs proper land regulation, combination of social governance, sufficient fundin

关键词： Temperature Rainfall Human Health Biodiversity Environmental Effects

Landslide initiation and runout susceptibility modeling in the context of hill cutting and rapid urbanization: a combined approach of weights of evidence and spatial multicriteria

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 1919-1937页

作者： RAHMAN md.Shahinoor ahmed Bayes DI Liping Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems George Mason University BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Department of Earth SciencesUniversity College London (UCL) Department of Disaster Science and Management Faculty of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Dhaka

Rainfall induced landslides are a common threat to the communities living on dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Extreme population pressure, indiscriminate hill cutting, increased precipitation events due to global warming and associated unplanned urbanization in the hills are exaggerating landslide events. The aim of this article is to prepare a scientifically accurate landslide susceptibility map by combining landslide initiation and runout maps. Land cover, slope, soil permeability, surface geology, precipitation, aspect, and distance to hill cut, road cut, drainage and stream network factor maps were selected by conditional independence test. The locations of 56 landslides were collected by field surveying. A weight of evidence(Wo E) method was applied to calculate the positive(presence of landslides) and negative(absence of landslides) factor weights. A combination of analytical hierarchical process(AHP) and fuzzymembership standardization(weighs from 0 to 1) was applied for performing a spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Expert opinion guided the decision rule for AHP. The Flow-R tool that allows modeling landslide runout from the initiation sources was applied. The flow direction was calculated using the modified Holmgren's algorithm. The AHP landslide initiation and runout susceptibility maps were used to prepare a combined landslide susceptibility map. The relative operating characteristic curve was used for model validation purpose. The accuracy of Wo E, AHP, and combined susceptibility map was calculated 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Landslide runout GIS Remote sensing Weights of evidence(Wo E) Analytical hierarchical process(AHP) Relative operating characteristic(ROC) Bangladesh

A Cyber Kill Chain Approach for Detecting Advanced Persistent Threats

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2497-2513页

作者： Yussuf ahmed A.Taufiq Asyhari md.Arafatur Rahman School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City UniversityBirminghamUK Faculty of Computing IBM CoEERASUniversity Malaysia PahangPahangMalaysia

The number of cybersecurity incidents is on the rise despite significant investment in security *** existing conventional security approaches have demonstrated limited success against some of the more complex *** is primarily due to the sophistication of the attacks and the availability of powerful *** devices such as the Internet of Things(IoT)are also increasing attack exposures due to the increase in *** the last few years,we have seen a trend moving towards embracing edge technologies to harness the power of IoT devices and 5G *** technology brings processing power closer to the network and brings many advantages,including reduced latency,while it can also introduce vulnerabilities that could be *** cities are also dependent on technologies where everything is *** interconnectivity makes them highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks,especially by the Advanced Persistent Threat(APT),as these vulnerabilities are amplified by the need to integrate new technologies with legacy *** behind APT attacks have recently been targeting the IoT ecosystems,prevalent in many of these *** this paper,we used a publicly available dataset on Advanced Persistent Threats(APT)and developed a data-driven approach for detecting APT stages using the Cyber Kill *** are highly sophisticated and targeted forms of attacks that can evade intrusion detection systems,resulting in one of the greatest current challenges facing security *** this experiment,we used multiple machine learning classifiers,such as Naïve Bayes,Bayes Net,KNN,Random Forest and Support Vector Machine(SVM).We used Weka performance metrics to show the numeric *** best performance result of 91.1%was obtained with the Naïve Bayes *** hope our proposed solution will help security professionals to deal with APTs in a timely and effective manner.

关键词： Advanced persistent threat APT Cyber Kill Chain data breach intrusion detection cyber-attack attack prediction data-driven security and machine learning

Performance Enhancement of CZTS Solar Cell with CuSbS₂ Back Surface Field: A Numerical Simulation Approach

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第9期15卷 497-513页

作者： md. Ferdous Wahid Nowshad ahmed md. Shahriar Rahman Abdullah Al Mamun md. Nuralam Howlader md. Motiur Rahman Tareq Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh

Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) solar cell (SC) has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years owing to its affordability, less toxic earth abundant constituents, remarkable conversion efficiency and promising prospects for the bulk manufacture of thin film solar cells. Moreover, CZTS exhibits a high absorption coefficient and possesses an optimal adjustable direct band gap, making it a promising candidate for various photovoltaic applications. Hence, in this study, a new configuration (CuSbS2/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/ Al: ZnO) is introduced for CZTS SC, which was simulated using SCAPS-1D. The utilization of CuSbS2 as the back surface field (BSF) and CdS as the buffer layer was investigated to enhance the performance of CZTS SC. Moreover, a comparative numerical analysis was carried out to contrast the SC configurations of CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/Al: ZnO and CuSbS2/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/Al: ZnO. In this study, the impact on SC parameters such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short- circuit current density (Jsc), Fill-factor (FF), and Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) by varying thickness, doping density, defect density of absorber and buffer layer, thickness and doping density of BSF, and operating temperature have been thoroughly investigated. The optimum structure consists of i-ZnO and Al: ZnO for the window layer, CdS for the buffer layer, CZTS for the absorber layer, and BSF layers with thicknesses of 50 nm, 200 nm, 50 nm, 2000 nm, and 50 nm, respectively. The designed SC with a BSF layer had a PCE of 28.76%, JSC of 32.53 mA/cm2, Voc of 1.01233 V, and FF of 87.35%. The structure without a BSF layer has a PCE of 24.21%, Voc of 0.898 V, JSC of 31.56 mA/cm2, and FF of 85.32%. Furthermore, an analysis of temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), C- V characteristics and the J-V curve was conducted, revealing the potential of CuSbS2 as a BSF and CdS

关键词： Solar Cell CZTS BSF Defect Density Doping Concentration SCAPS-1D

Impact of Extreme Precipitation Intensity on Tea Production in the North-East of Bangladesh

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第4期9卷 441-453页

作者： Murad ahmed Farukh md. Atiqur Rahman Sraboni Sarker md. Azharul Islam Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a flood prone country where precipitation amount is irregular but sometimes extreme. Among the climatic parameters, precipitation is assumed as one of the vital indicators of ongoing climate change scenarios and is equally important for tea production. In this study, 7 and 9 tea estates of Sylhet and Sreemangal were selected to analyze tea production in relation to extreme precipitation intensity. Precipitation patterns namely 90th, 95th and 99th percentile were analyzed to find out the contribution of extreme precipitation and tea production. To attain the objectives, 3 hourly, daily, monthly, and total precipitation data from 1971 to 2014 were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department and Bangladesh Agricultural Development Board. Tea production data were collected from Bangladesh Tea Board, Sylhet. To find out extreme level of precipitation 90th, 95th, 99th percentile precipitation days were identified and analyzed. The analyses show that 1974, 1976, 1977, 1993, 1988, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 were extreme precipitation years. The average precipitation of Sylhet was higher in 2000 than in 1992 and 2014. In Sreemangal, extreme precipitation was higher in 2014 than in 1992 and 2000. For both the regions, tea production was higher in 2000 and lower in 1992 and 2014. The result shows that more extreme precipitation was responsible for higher amount of tea production. The results suggest that extreme precipitation intensity was one of the responsible factors for higher amount of tea production in Sylhet and Sreemangal.

关键词： Extreme Precipitation Tea Production Percentile

Biogas generation from kitchen and vegetable waste in replacement of traditional method and its future forecasting by using ARIMA model

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第2期3卷 165-175页

作者： Pranta Roy md.Ashik ahmed md.Hakimuzzaman Shah Department of Civil Engineering Dhaka International UniversityDhakaBangladesh Ingram School of Engineering Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Department of Civil Engineering Khulna University of Engineering and TechnologyKhulnaBangladesh

Nowadays,traditional energy resources are going into a vulnerable condition *** that note biogas is an emerging subsidiary ***,cow-dung is used as a basic raw material to produce *** this study,various forms of putrescible waste like kitchen and vegetable waste were giving emphasis to produce biogas as a replacement of cow dung as well as good management of putrescible waste.2000 kg of kitchen and 1050 kg of vegetable waste were used in a biogas plant continuously for 15 days with a waste/water ratio of 1:*** 133.33 kg of kitchen and 70 kg of vegetable waste generated 2.27 kg and 1.17 kg of biogas per day ***,the average time of burning of biogas for kitchen and vegetable waste was 7.92 *** 4.08 *** day in some *** benefit-cost ratio was greater than 1 for both cases that’s why it can be reckoned as an efficacious *** Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)model was performed to forecast the amount of biogas generation for kitchen and vegetable waste for the next 10 *** residual sum of square(RSS)value of the ARIMA model for kitchen and vegetable waste was 0.028437 and 0.139524 respectively which indicates ***,predictions of the amount of biogas generation are plotted with a 95%confidence *** forecast indicates that biogas from kitchen waste is more proficient than vegetable waste for the next 10 ***,this putrescible waste can be a prominent raw material for next-gen biogas production.

关键词： Biogas Putrescible waste Benefit-cost analysis Waste management Forecasting

Knowledge Level about HIV/AIDS among the Villagers of Comilla District, Bangladesh

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第4期4卷 438-445页

作者： md. Shafiur Rahman md. Nuruzzaman Khan md. Nazrul Islam Mondal md. Shamsher Alam Kazi Mohiuddin ahmed md. Rafiqul Islam Department of Public Health First Capital University of Bangladesh Chuadanga Bangladesh Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh Faculty of Ecology Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Moscow Russia Department of Community Medicine Pabna Medical College Pabna Bangladesh

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has grown on an unprecedented scale since it was first recognized, and presently it is considered as a well known global public health crisis. In making the health policy where millions of populations are at risk, it is necessary to understand the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS. So, this study aimed at to investigate the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among the villagers. Data and necessary information were collected from one hundred villagers of Salmanpur from Comilla district, Bangladesh through a structured questionnaire. The collected data were used for univariate analysis, to carry out the description of the variables;and to justify the total score of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the respondents, Cronbach’s alpha (α) was calculated. The results revealed that almost all the respondents (92.00%) were ever heard about HIV/AIDS and half of them (51.00%) were known it as a communicable disease. Majority of the respondents (62.00%) believed that it is caused by heterosexual relation as well as sex with HIV positive persons. However, a good number of respondents were found unaware about the major causes and preventive ways of AIDS. Less than half of the respondents (45.00%) had medium knowledge (α = 0.34 - 0.66) and only 36.00% had the enough knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The knowledge level is increasing with the increase of education level, and the respondents who involved in agricultural works are found the lowest knowledge level (47.00%) about HIV/AIDS. The villagers were known about HIV/AIDS but they do not have accurate information about the ways in which AIDS virus can or cannot be transmitted. Therefore, effective programs should be taken to increase the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among the villagers in Bangladesh.

关键词： AIDS Villagers Sexually Transmitted Diseases Cronbach’s Alpha Bangladesh

Isolation and Characterization of Beneficial Microorganisms in Organic, Semi-Organic and Conventional Fertilizer Treated Agricultural Field Soil and Comparison of Bacterial Richness

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2020年第4期9卷 223-239页

作者： md. Mahfujur Rahman Laisa ahmed Lisa Sunzid ahmed md. Nazim Uddin Tuhina Hasan Sharmin Zaman Department of Microbiology Jagannath University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Jagannath University Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS) University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Horticulture Research Center Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) Gazipur Bangladesh

The effect of different farming systems on microbial communities in agricultural environment was investigated in the present study. Depending on the present farming trend, the microbial distribution in agricultural soils treated with organic, semi-organic and conventional fertilizers was analyzed. A total of 20 soil samples were collected from different types of agricultural fields of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI, Gazipur). Microorganisms playing beneficial roles in soil such as nitrogen fixation (e.g. Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp.), phosphate solubilization (e.g. Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Phosphobacteria) and auxin production (e.g. Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp. and Bacillus sp.) were evaluated from each of the samples. The results revealed that agricultural fields treated with chemical fertilizers showed lower microbial count than that of organic fertilizer treated agricultural fields’ soil samples. In addition, organic fertilizers amended field soils have higher phytohormone (Auxin) activities, phosphate solubilization bacteria and other bacterial richness compared to chemical fertilizer applied field soil.

关键词： Chemical Fertilizer Organic Fertilizers Bacterial Richness and Bacterial Diversity

Travelling Waves: Interplay of Low to High Reynolds Number and Tan-Cot Function Method to Solve Burger’s Equations

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第4期7卷 861-873页

作者： md. Kamrujjaman Asif ahmed Jahrul Alam Department of Mathematics University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Mathematics and Statistics Memorial University St. John’s Canada

We study the nonlinear parabolic equations for travelling wave solutions of Burger’s equations. The purpose of the present work is to study various types of Burger’s equations describing waves and those are based on nonlinear equations. We focus on to describe the analytic solution in the special pattern of travelling wave solutions using tan-cot function method. We discuss about inviscid and viscous version of Burger’s equation for fluid flow and investigate the effects of internal friction of a fluid via Reynolds number. By changing the velocity amplitude, the nature of flows with shock wave and disturbance are observed. For numerical solutions, the Crank-Nicolson scheme is introduced to establish the wave solutions.

关键词： Nonlinear PDEs Tan-Cot Function Method Travelling Wave Solutions Burg-er’s Equation Reynolds Number Crank-Nicolson Scheme