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Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer:Techniques,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1680-1705页

作者： Cristina Díaz del Arco m Jesús Fernández Aceñero Luis Ortega medina Department of surgical Pathology Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San CarlosHospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain Department of Legal medicine Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain

After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy(LB),this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor,such as nucleic acids,extracellular vesicles,tumor-educated platelets,and other ***,research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma,such as saliva,gastric juice,urine,or *** techniques are diverse,intricate,and *** m.s. be highly sensitive,and pre-analytical,patient,and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold,diagnostic method selection,and potential ***,the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several *** potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases,monitoring treatment response,early identification of relapses,or assessing patient *** the other hand,gastric cancer(GC)is a disease often diagnosed at advanced *** recent advances in molecular understanding,the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these *** application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcom.s.of these *** this comprehensive review,from a pathologist’s perspective,we provide an overview of the main options available in LB,delve into the fundamental principles of the m.s. studied techniques,explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC,and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

关键词： Liquid biopsy Gastric cancer Circulating tumor cells Cell-free DNA Circulating tumor DNA molecular

Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： mohamed s.selim Ahmed m.Azzam mohamed A.shenashen shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.m.s.afa sherif A.El-safty National Institute for materials science(NIms) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of Environmental Research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial ***,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(sWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial *** demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been *** minimum inhibitory concentration(mIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transm.s.ion electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and *** on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>*** of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal *** had the lowest mIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against ***,***,and ***,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both *** and ***).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely *** lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO *** work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

Comparative analysis of microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of biodegradable mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.minárik m.Zemková s.Šašek J.Dittrich m.Knapek F.Lukáˇc D.Koutný J.Jaroš R.Král Faculty of mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(sPs)and selective laser melting(sLm).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optim.s.d parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the sLm material and unmeasurably low porosity in the sPs *** main aim of the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the functional properties,such as mechanical strength,deformability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of∼110 mPa in tension and compression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the sLm and sPs materials,*** corrosion resistance of the sPs material in 0.1 m NaCl solution was superior to the sLm one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effect on the functional properties of the sLm *** the other hand,one of the primary outcom.s.of this study is that the sPs consolidation method is very effective in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might find practical applications.

关键词： magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy microstructure mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

spatial Attention Integrated EfficientNet Architecture for Breast Cancer Classification with Explainable AI

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Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 5029-5045页

作者： Chakravarthy s. Nagarajan B. Khan s.B. Venkatesan V.K. Ramakrishna m.T. Al m.s.arraf A. Aurungzeb K. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam 638402 India school of Computer science Engineering and Information systems (sCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India school of science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Manchester M54WT United Kingdom Adjunct Research Faculty Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Rajpura 140401 India Department of Computer science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Bengaluru 562112 India Department of management College of Business Administration Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

Breast cancer is a type of cancer responsible for higher mortality rates among women. The cruelty of breast cancer always requires a prom.s.ng approach for its earlier detection. In light of this, the proposed research leverages the representation ability of pretrained EfficientNet-B0 model and the classification ability of the XGBoost model for the binary classification of breast tumors. In addition, the above transfer learning model is modified in such a way that it will focus more on tumor cells in the input mammogram. Accordingly, the work proposed an EfficientNetB0 having a spatial Attention Layer with XGBoost (EsA-XGBNet) for binary classification of mammograms. For this, the work is trained, tested, and validated using original and augmented mammogram images of three public datasets namely CBIs-DDsm, INbreast, and mIAs databases. maximum classification accuracy of 97.585% (CBIs-DDsm), 98.255% (INbreast), and 98.91% (mIAs) is obtained using the proposed EsA-XGBNet architecture as compared with the existing models. Furthermore, the decision-making of the proposed EsA-XGBNet architecture is visualized and validated using the Attention Guided GradCAm-based Explainable AI technique. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： breast cancer deep-learning EfficientNet Explainable AI mammograms transfer learning

Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy:geometrical and optical approaches

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr s.slavich Georgy A.Ermolaev mikhail K.Tatm.s.evskiy Adilet N.Toksumakov Olga G.matveeva Dmitriy V.Grudinin Kirill V.Voronin Arslan mazitov Konstantin V.Kravtsov Alexander V.syuy Dmitry m.Tsymbarenko mikhail s.mironov sergey m.Novikov Ivan Kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn s.Volkov Kostya s.Novoselov m.s.ow Center for Advanced studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of materials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Department of Chem.s.ry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional materials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Department of materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent materials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The emergence of van der Waals(vdW)materials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,mechanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and *** success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW ***,the identification of the m.s. prom.s.ng among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative ***,we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical *** our approach,we found As2s3 as a highly anisotropic vdW *** demonstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two tim.s.as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcoming the century-long record set by *** these benefits,As2s3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that combines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase ***,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utm.s. anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

The CCD instrument background of the smILE sXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： m.W.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.W.Buggey s.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani s.sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The EsA and CAs smILE m.s.ion orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** soft X-ray Imager(sXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the sXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extrem.s.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt m.Gyrdymov s.Zähter P.Tavana m.m.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.shen A.Pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GsI Helmholtzzentrum für schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University mEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAs Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation m.s.ow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten tim.s.higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 meV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the em.s.ion has an FWHm of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short em.s.iontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are prom.s.ng for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.KRUPIN m.R.NURGALIEV A.R.NEmETs I.A.ZEm.s.V s.D.sUNTsOV T.B.mYALTON D.s.sERGEEV N.A.sOLOVEV D.V.sARYCHEV D.V.RYJAKOV s.N.TUGARINOV N.N.NAUmENKO National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman m.s.ow state Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JsC“sOLAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasm.s.the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regim.s. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regim.s. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 tim.s. The high ion heat transport regim.s.are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 tim.s.higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak L-mode electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

In silico identification of antiviral compounds for the treatment of chikungunya virus infection:qsar modelling and md simulation analysis

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medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 102-114页

作者： Hayder m Abdulhamza muthanna s.Farhan sara.s Hassan Hany Aqeel Al-Hussainy Amjad Ibrahim Oriabi Department of Pharmacy Kut University CollegeAlkutWasit52001Iraq Department of Pharmaceutical Chem.s.ry College of PharmacyUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq Al-manara College for medical sciences Department of PharmacyIraq Department of Pharmacy Hilla University CollegeBabylonIraq Dr Hany Akeel Institute Iraqi Medical Research CenterBaghdad10001Iraq

Chikungunya virus(CHIKV),transmitted by arthropods,has gained global recognition for its impact on public *** has expanded globally,including Africa,Asia,and the Indian subcontinent,and has a helicase protein in its genome that is crucial for its ***,the study targeted the helicase protein of CHIKV with 745 antiviral compounds using an mL-based QsAR model and molecular *** binders(5279172,78161839,6474310,and 5330286)were selected for mD simulation based on the control(silvestrol).All compounds had the highest binding scores,with 78161839 showing the m.s. consistent RmsD and the least conformational variation,indicating high *** also showed the lowest binding free energy(ΔG¼31.31 kcal/mol),indicating energetically favourable *** and FEL also depicted the stable complex confirmation of the protein and 78161839 complex during the 100 ns ***,this study aimed to identify helicase function antiviral binders that could be experimentally tested for treating CHIKV.

关键词： Chikungunya virus machine learning based QsAR molecular dynamic solution Helicase