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Effects of supplements differing in fatty acid profile to late gestational beef cows on cow performance,calf growth performance,and mRNA expression of genes associated with myogenesis and adipogenesis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1483-1497页

作者： Taoqi Shao Frank A.Ireland Joshua C.mccann Daniel W.Shike Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA

Background:Maternal nutrition during gestation affects fetal development,which has long-term programming effects on offspring postnatal growth *** a critical role in protein and lipid metabolism,essential fatty acids can influence the development of muscle and adipose *** experiment investigated the effects of late gestation supplements(77 d prepartum),either rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids(CON;155 g/cow/d EnerGII)or polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA;80 g/cow/d Strata and 80 g/cow/d Prequel),on cow performance and subsequent calf growth performance as well as mRNA expression in longissimus muscle(LM)and subcutaneous adipose tissue at birth and ***:There was no difference(P≥0.34)in cow body weight(BW)or body condition score from presupplementation through *** concentrations of C18:3n-3 and C20:4n-6 decreased(P≤0.05)to a greater extent from mid-supplementation to calving for PUFA compared with CON *** plasma C20:0,C20:5n-3,and C22:6n-3 were increased(P≤0.01)in PUFA during supplementation *** birth,PUFA steers had greater(P=0.01)plasma C20:*** differences(P≥0.33)were detected in steer birth BW or dam milk production,however,CON steers tended(P=0.06)to have greater pre-weaning average daily gain and had greater(P=0.05)weaning BW compared with *** mRNA expression in steers:MYH7 and C/EBPβin LM increased(P≤0.04)to a greater extent from birth to weaning for PUFA compared with CON;MYF5 in LM and C/EBPβin adipose tissue tended(P≤0.08)to decrease more from birth to weaning for CON compared with PUFA;SCD in PUFA adipose tissue tended(P=0.08)to decrease to a greater extent from birth to weaning than *** addition,maternal PUFA supplementation tended(P=0.08)to decrease MYOG mRNA expression in LM and decreased(P=0.02)ZFP423 in adipose tissue during the pre-weaning ***:Late gestation PUFA supplementation decreased pre-weaning growth performance of the subsequent steer progeny compared

关键词： Beef cattle Fatty acids Fetal programming Late gestation mRNA expression

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作者： Joy mccann.

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Rapid ongoing decline of Baird’s tapir in Cusuco National Park, Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 420-428页

作者： Niall P.mccann Phil M.WHEELER Tim COLES Michael W.BRUFORD School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences University of HullScarboroughUK Operation Wallacea Wallace HouseOld BolingbrokeUK

During the International Tapir Symposium 16-21 Oct 2011,the conservation of Baird's tapir(Tapirus baindi)in Honduras received a boost with the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Minister Direc-tor of the Honduran Instute of Conservation and Forestry(CF)and the Tapir Specialist Group(TSG)Despite this agreement,accelerating levels of hunting and habitat loss contimue to pose a threat to Baird's tapir in *** ongoing study in Cusuco National Park in northwestern Honduras has been monitoring changes in population dynamics of Baird's tapir since 2006 through the collection of occupancy *** study has iden-tified an increase in hunting pressure,coinciding with a drastic decline in the encounter rate with Baird's tapir ***,we examine the significance of a range of demographic variables on Baird's tapir occupancy in Cu-suco National Park using the software PRESENCE,and simulate the effects of different management strategies on the fiuture dynamics of the population using the stochastic simulation software VORTEX The predictions of the theoretical population models are compared to observed changes in occupancy *** found that non-intervention resulted in the local extinction of Baird's tapir within a very short time fiame,but that various in-tervention models enabled the population to recover to near carrying *** and extinction prob-ability were shown to respond marlkedly to the increase in hunting pressure;and occupancy models supported the fiuture population predictions generated by *** study suggests that immediate intervention is re-quired to reduce hunting pressure to near historical levels to prevent the imminent 1ocal extinction of the species.

关键词： Baird's tapir Honduras population viability analysis PRESENCE VORTEX

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第10期10卷 490-510页

作者： Lavanya Athithan Gaurav S Gulsin Gerald P mccann Eylem Levelt Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research CentreGlenfield HospitalLeicester LE3 9QPUnited Kingdom Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeeds LF9 7TFUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes(T2D)has increased worldwide and doubled over the last two *** features among the top 10 causes of mortality and morbidity in the *** disease is the leading cause of complications in diabetes and within this,heart failure has been shown to be the leading cause of emergency admissions in the United *** are many hypotheses and well-evidenced mechanisms by which diabetic cardiomyopathy as an entity *** review aims to give an overview of these mechanisms,with particular emphasis on metabolic inflexibility.T2D is associated with inefficient substrate utilisation,an inability to increase glucose metabolism and dependence on fatty acid oxidation within the diabetic heart resulting in mitochondrial uncoupling,glucotoxicity,lipotoxicity and initially subclinical cardiac dysfunction and finally in overt heart *** review also gives a concise update on developments within clinical imaging,specifically cardiac magnetic resonance studies to characterise and phenotype early cardiac dysfunction in T2D.A better understanding of the pathophysiology involved provides a platform for targeted therapy in diabetes to prevent the development of early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Cardiac metabolism Myocardial steatosis Myocardial strain

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Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 58-66页

作者： Masafumi Terada Kyle B.Kosik Ryan S.mccann Colin Drinkard Phillip A.Gribble College of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShiga 525-8577Japan Department of Athletic Training&Clinical Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536-0200USA School of Rehabilitation Sciences Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Westlake High School Athletics AustinTX 78746USA

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy ***:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants *** motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CSP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing ***:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CSP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CSP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with *** research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

关键词： Ankle sprain Joint instability Motor cortex Postural control

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Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemicals Produced by Animals on <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第9期12卷 173-192页

作者： AlBaraa Akram Glen mccann Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology De Montfort University Leicester UK

The problem of multidrug-resistant pathogens as bacteria, fungi and yeast in addition to the restriction of using antibiotics as growth promoting substances in food has attracted the attention to looking for alternative sources instead of conventional antibiotics like natural products which have antimicrobial activity. Much interests and researches have been focused on using natural antimicrobial peptides and chemicals extracted from animal secretions and some insect’s venoms as they exhibit antimicrobial activity against pathogens with lower resistance and higher synergistic effects if they were given in combination with blends of them. In this paper, some antimicrobial chemicals extracted from giraffes are shown in addition to their activity against Aspergillus fumigatus species using optical density analysis technique then their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) will be determined as well as ICs 50 to measure the potency to inhibit a biological function using programmes like Gene5, graph pad prism as well as testing antimicrobial activity of some chemicals which are provided in animal secretions.

关键词： Antimicrobials Aspergillus fumigatus Antimicrobial Peptides

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Residual feed intake in beef cattle and its association with carcass traits, ruminal solid-fraction bacteria, and epithelium gene expression

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 878-890页

作者： Ahmed A.Elolimy Mohamed K.Abdelmegeid Joshua C.mccann Daniel W.Shike Juan J.Loor Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Illinois Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Division of Nutritional Sciences Illinois Informatics Institute University of Illinois

Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of growth *** objective of this study was to determine differences in growth performance, carcass traits, major bacteria attached to ruminal solids-fraction, and ruminal epithelium gene expression between the most-efficient and the least-efficient beef cattle. One-hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to three contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were fed a finishing diet in confinement for 70 d to determine the RFI category for each. Within each group, the two most-efficient(n = 6; RFI coefficient =-2.69 ± 0.58 kg dry matter intake(DMI)/d) and the two least-efficient animals(n = 6; RFI coefficient = 3.08 ± 0.55 kg DMI/d) were selected. Immediately after slaughter, ruminal solids-fraction and ruminal epithelium were collected for bacteria relative abundance and epithelial gene expression analyses, respectively, using real-time ***: The most-efficient animals consumed less feed(P = 0.01; 5.03 kg less DMI/d) compared with the leastefficient animals. No differences(P > 0.10) in initial body weight(BW), final BW, and average daily gain(ADG) were observed between the two RFI classes. There were no significant RFI × sex effects(P > 0.10) on growth *** with the least-efficient group, hot carcass weight(HCW), ribeye area(REA), and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat(KPH) were greater(P ≤ 0.05) in the most-efficient cattle. No RFI × sex effect(P > 0.10) for carcass traits was detected between RFI groups. Of the 10 bacterial species evaluated, the most-efficient compared with least efficient cattle had greater(P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Megasphaera elsdenii, and lower(P ≤ 0.05) Succinimonas amylolytica and total bacterial density. No RFI × sex effect on ruminal bacteria was detected between RFI groups. Of the 34 genes evaluated in ruminal epithelium, the most

关键词： Beef cattle Carcass Gene expression Growth RFI Ruminal bacteria Ruminal epithelium Sex

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Exploring the association of social determinants of health and clinical quality measures and performance in HRSA-funded health centres

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第3期9卷 19-26页

作者： Michael Topmiller Jessica mccann Jennifer Rankin Hank Hoang Joshua Bolton Alek Sripipatana HealthLandscape American Academy of Family PhysiciansLeawoodKansasUSA Bureau of Primary Health Care Health Resources and Services AdministrationRockvilleMarylandUSA

Objective This paper explores the impact of service area-level social deprivation on health centre clinical quality *** Cross-sectional data analysis of Health Resources and Services Administration(HRSA)-funded health *** created a weighted service area social deprivation score for HRSA-funded health centres as a proxy measure for social determinants of health,and then explored adjusted and unadjusted clinical quality measures by weighted service area Social Deprivation Index quartiles for health *** HRSA-funded health centres in the *** Our analysis included a subset of 1161 HRSA-funded health centres serving more than 22 million mostly low-income patients across the *** Higher levels of social deprivation are associated with statistically significant poorer outcomes for all clinical quality outcome measures(both unadjusted and adjusted),including rates of blood pressure control,uncontrolled diabetes and low birth *** adjusted and unadjusted results are mixed for clinical quality process measures as higher levels of social deprivation are associated with better quality for some measures including cervical cancer screening and child immunisation status but worse quality for other such as colorectal cancer screening and early entry into prenatal *** This research highlights the importance of incorporating community characteristics when evaluating clinical *** also present an innovative method for capturing health centre service area-level social deprivation and exploring its relationship to health centre clinical quality measures.

关键词： clinical centre measures

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Raman Scattering Study of PbSe Grown on(111)BaF_(2) Substrate

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Chinese Physics Letters 2000年第8期17卷 606-608页

作者： YANG Ai-ling WU Hui-Zhen LI Zhi-Feng QIU Dong-Jiang CHANG Yong LI Jian-Feng P.J.mccann X.M.Fang Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083 The University of Oklahoma NormanOklahoma73019-23USA

PbSe films were grown on(111)-oriented BaF_(2)substrates by using molecular beam *** resolution x-ray diffraction characterization showed good crystalline quality of PbSe *** longitudinal optical phonon at 135cm^(-1)and transverse optical phonon at 47.6cm-1 were observed by Raman scattering *** Raman tensor calculation demonstrates that both transverse-optical and longitudinal-optical(LO)phonons in PbSe crystal are Raman active on(111)-oriented surface,Furthermore,2LO phonon at about 270cm^(-1)and polaron at about 800cm^(-1)in PbSe,were also *** observed Raman frequencies are in good agreement with theoretical calculations using point ion model.

关键词： scattering transverse phonon

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纳洛酮对大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素和催乳素静息分泌及应激释放的影响

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中国医学科学院学报 1987年第3期9卷 187-192页

作者：许荣(火昆),mccann SM 中国医学科学院基础医学研究所生理研究室 Texas大学卫生科学中心生理系北京 USA

在预置颈静脉导管、清醒自由活动的雄性大鼠中,观察经静脉注射不同剂量纳洛酮(NAL),对促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和催乳素(PRL)静息分泌和应激释放的影响.结果表明一定剂量的阿片受体μ相对特异的拮抗剂NAL,不但明显抑制静息PRL的分泌,也... 详细信息

在预置颈静脉导管、清醒自由活动的雄性大鼠中,观察经静脉注射不同剂量纳洛酮(NAL),对促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和催乳素(PRL)静息分泌和应激释放的影响.结果表明一定剂量的阿片受体μ相对特异的拮抗剂NAL,不但明显抑制静息PRL的分泌,也完全阻断限制性应激时PRL的释放。对ACTH的调节不同,只有当NAL达到相对高剂量时,一方面兴奋ACTH的静息分泌;另一方面部分抑制应激时的ACTH大量释放。提示某些内源阿片肽可能参予这些激素分泌的调控,对PRL的释放是单一的兴奋性调节;而对ACTH的释放则既有兴奋也有抑制性影响.

关键词：纳洛酮阿片受体μ 内源阿片肽促肾上腺皮质激素催乳素静息分泌限制性应激

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