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What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics:A tutorial review

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 37-50页

作者： Shengdong Liu Enxiang Shang Jingnan Liu Yining Wang Nanthi Bolan mbkirkham Yang Li Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityHuanghua 061100China School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6001Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6001Australia Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials College of EngineeringScience and EnvironmentUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Department of Agronomy Throckmorton Plant Sciences CenterKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics(MPs,<5 mm plastic particles)is limited by quantification *** paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ***,sampling and pretreatment processes ofMPs,including sample collection,digestion,density separation,and quality control are *** the promising and convenient staining procedures and quantification methods for MPs using fluorescence dyes are *** factors that influence the staining of MPs,including their physicochemical properties,are summarized to provide an optimal operation *** general,the digestion step is crucial to eliminate natural organic matter(NOM)to avoid interference in *** was reported to be the most appropriate solvent,and 10–20μg/mL are recommended as optimal dye *** addition,a heating and cooling procedure is recommended to maintain the fluorescence intensity of MPs for two *** staining,a fluorescence microscope is usually used to characterize the morphology,mass,or number of MPs,but compositional analysis cannot be determined with *** fluorescence staining methods have been implemented to study MP abundance,transport,and toxicity and have been combined with other chemical characterization techniques,such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman *** studies are needed to focus on the synthesis of novel dyes to avoid NOM’s *** need to be combined with other spectroscopic techniques to characterize plastic composition and to develop image-analysis *** stability of stained MPs needs to be improved.

关键词： Plastic particles Fluorescence dyes Identification Concentration quantification

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