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Creating a Dataset to Boost Civil Engineering Deep Learning Research and Application

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Engineering(科研) 2020年第3期12卷 151-165页

作者： Murad Al Qurishee Weidong Wu Babatunde Atolagbe Joseph Owino Ignatius Fomunung mbakisya onyango Graduate Transportation Associate Tennessee Department of TransportationNashvilleTennesseeUSA University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ChattanoogaTennesseeUSA Transportation Engineer Maryland Department of TransportationBaltimoreMarylandUSA UC Foundation Professor and Department Head Department of Civil&Chemical EngineeringThe University of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA Department of Civil&Chemical Engineering The University of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA.

With cutting edge deep learning breakthrough,numerous innovations in many fields including civil engineering are ***,a fundamental issue that civil engineering research community currently facing is lack of a publicly available,free,quality-controlled and human-annotated large dataset that supports and drives civil engineering deep learning research and applications on such as intelligent transportation including connected vehicle,structural health monitoring,and bridge *** paper is a general discussion about demanding needs and construction of a long-anticipated dataset for researchers and engineers in civil engineering and beyond for providing critical training,testing and benchmarking *** establishment of such a free dataset will remove a major hurdle and boost deep learning research in civil engineering and we hope this work will urge researchers,engineers,government agencies and even computer scientists to work together to start building such datasets.A framework has been developed for the proposed ***,some pilot study databases were developed for concrete crack detection,pavement crack detection using normal and infrared thermography,as well as pedestrian and bicyclist detection.A convolution neural network model called Faster RCNN was deployed to check the detection accuracy and a 98%detection accuracy of the proposed datasets was obtained.

关键词： Dataset Deep Learning AI Civil Engineering ITS Transportation

Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer＇s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 19-25页

作者： Isaac G. onyango Gertcia Biotechnology Charlottesville VA USA

Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease mitochondria bioenergetics mitochondrial DNA neuroinflammation mitohormesis caloric restriction hypometabolism mitophagy mitochondrial biogenesis recombinant-human mitochondrial transcription factor A antioxidants proteasome mitochondrial transcription activator-like effector nucleases clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) caloric restriction stem cells

Whistleblowing behaviours and anti-corruption approaches in public administration in Kenya

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Economic and Political Studies 2021年第2期9卷 230-254页

作者： Gedion onyango Department of Political Science and Public Administration University of NairobiNairobiKenya

This article demonstrates that whistleblowing often receives little attention in public administration due to ambivalence regarding administrative roles held by public administrators,the fluid scalar chain and horizontal linkages,and competitive and intricate public,organisational and private *** on comparative analysis to elucidate the broader scope of anti-corruption reforms and whistleblowing in public administration,the article explores the influence of the administrative culture on the relationship between whistleblowing behaviours and implementation of anticorruption reforms in public administration in *** illustrates how bureaucratic oversight mechanisms such as internal auditing procedures and ethical guidelines tend to underperform where administrative environments largely feature autocratic bureaucratic authority,parochial management styles and centralised decision-making *** the functional specialty of public institutions,these cultural composites potentially elicit administrative behaviours that generally make whistleblowing anti-organisational,anti-social and an outright illegality in public *** absence of whistleblowing legislation or weak whistleblowing laws exacerbate these *** becomes even more complex at the local-state level as social networks and working groups tend to be strengthened by the collectivist associational culture in public ***,non-performance of anti-corruption reforms were found to stem from the collective chastisement of whistleblowing practices in public organisations in ***,institutional deficits typical in local-state administration seemingly made it riskier for potential whistleblowers to come forth,mainly attendant to loose and inconsistent legislation on ***,to enhance whistleblowing,there is a need to insulate potential whistleblowers from legal retaliation,including cultural retaliations that come in

关键词： Administrative culture ethical climate public integrity corruption public accountability

Analytical Absorption Cross-Section for Photon by a Hydrogen 2s Atom

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第4期55卷 659-661页

作者： Boniface Otieno Ndinya Stephen onyango Okeyo Department of Physics and Materials Science Maseno University

We calculate the absorption cross-section for photon by a hydrogen 2s atom using the quantum-classical approximation for the total photo cross-section of many electron atoms. With the application of the first-order term of the Baker Hausdorf expansion, the absorption cross-section for the hydrogen 2s atom decreases to a minimum, the Cooper paJr minimum, at low photon energy. Such a minimum is absent in the exact absorption cross-section for photon by a hydrogen 2s atom. We have extended the calculation for the absorption cross-section of the hydrogen 2s atom using the quantum-classical approximation for the total photo cross-section of many electron to include the second-order term of the Baker-Hausdorf expansion and observed a great reduction in the dip associated with the Cooper pair minimum at the zero crossing.

关键词： absorption cross-section Cooper pair minimum and Baker-Hausdorf expansion

Regulation of neuronal bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1467-1482页

作者： Isaac G.onyango James P.Bennett Gorazd B.Stokin Center for Translational Medicine International Clinical Research Centre(ICRC)St.Anne’s University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic Neurodegeneration Therapeutics 3050A Berkmar DriveCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are a heterogeneous group of debilitating disorders with multifactorial etiologies and pathogeneses that manifest distinct molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations with abnormal protein dynamics and impaired bioenergetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important feature in the etiopathogenesis of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases is on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Although many therapeutic approaches have been tested, there are currently no effective treatment routes for the prevention or cure of these diseases. We present the current status of our knowledge and understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases and highlight recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal bioenergetics as potential approach for treating these diseases.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Huntington's disease mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial dysfunction mtDNA mutations neurodegeneration oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

WASTE TO WORTH:EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM WITHIN COMMERCIAL KITCHENS IN NORTHERN IRELAND

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第4期7卷 62-69页

作者： J.onyango C.McGeough E.A.Obonyo University of Miami Coral GablesFLUSA Queens University Belfast BelfastNorthern IrelandUK University of Florida GainesvilleFL USA

This paper presents results from a study that evaluated the potential of waste heat recovery technology within the context of commercial kitchens in Northern *** study,which involved both numerical simulation and measured data from five restaurant kitchens in Belfast,revealed that heat recovery technology provided substantial economic and environmental *** devices such as the spiral tube heat exchanger can be utilized as a sustainable solution to retrofit existing hot water *** recommend,however,that subsequent research be conducted to broaden the scope of this study by using complementary technologies such as solar panels,wind turbines,or modified cookers that would provide a holistic and sustainable solution for the catering industry.

关键词： CO_(2)emissions heat exchanger energy recovery sustainability UK

Interactive influence of rainfall manipulation and livestock grazing on species diversity of the herbaceous layer community in a humid savannah in Kenya

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 198-205页

作者： Joseph O.Ondier Daniel O.Okach John C.onyango Dennis O.Otieno Department of Botany Maseno University Private Bag Maseno Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology P.O Box 210-40601 Bondo Kenya Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Changes in rainfall regime and grazing pressure affect vegetation composition and diversity with ecological implications for savannahs. The savannah in East Africa has experienced increased livestock grazing and rainfall variability but the impacts associated with those changes on the herbaceous layer have rarely been documented. We investigated the effect of livestock grazing, rainfall manipulation and their interaction on the composition and diversity of the herbaceous community in the savannah for two years in Lambwe, Kenya. Rainfall manipulation plots were set up for vegetation sampling;these plots received either 50% more or 50% less rainfall than control plots. Simpson’s diversity and Bergere Parker indices were used to determine diversity changes and dominance respectively. The frequency of species was used to compute their abundance and their life forms as determined from the literature. Grazing significantly increased species diversity through suppression of dominant species. Rainfall manipulation had no significant impact on plant diversity in fenced plots, but rainfall reduction significantly reduced diversity in grazed plots. In contrast, rainfall manipulation had no impact on dominance in either fenced or grazed plots. The interaction of grazing and rainfall manipulation is complex and will require additional survey campaigns to create a complete picture of the implications for savannah structure and composition.

关键词： Plant diversity Grazing Rainfall Moist savannah

Multiple Endemic Solutions in an Epidemic Hepatitis B Model without Vertical Transmission

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第16期5卷 2518-2529页

作者： Nelson Owuor onyango School of Mathematics CBPS University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

This paper examines the dynamics of Hepatitis B via a Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered (SEIR) type epidemic model. Previous studies have shown that Hepatitis B is characterized by multiple endemic solutions, a matter which may be of concern in developing control strategies. We identify the possible causes of multiple endemic solutions in a Hepatitis B model and conclude that the dependance of the probability of carriage development ?(q(Λ)) on the force of infection (Λ) is the main reason for multiple endemicity. Other factors such as a large proportion of infants that are not vaccinated (ω) may also enhance the possibility of multiple endemicity. The role of carriers may also play a key role in the possibility of such complex dynamics, i.e., when infectiousness of carriers-(α)?is high, the probability of existence of multiple endemic equilibrium solutions is increased. In our arguments, the traditional reproduction number R0G(0) < 1 does not imply stability of disease-free equilibrium.

关键词： SEIR Epidemic Models Endemic Equilibriums Hepatitis B

Carbon dioxide exchange and biomass productivity of the herbaceous layer of a managed tropical humid savanna ecosystem in western Kenya

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第4期6卷 286-297页

作者： G.O.K’Otuto D.O.Otieno B.Seo H.O.Ogindo J.C.onyango Department of Applied Plant Sciences Maseno UniversityPrivate Bag MasenoKenya Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth95440 BayreuthGermany Department of Botany Maseno UniversityPrivate Bag MasenoKenya

Aims Humid savannas,as a result of high precipitation amounts,are highly *** are also hotspots for land use change and potential sources of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))due to the large soil carbon(C)*** how ecosystem CO_(2) exchange is influenced by changes arising from agricultural land use is vital in future management of these ecosystems and in responding to the ongoing shifts in manage-ment and *** aim of this study was to identify how ecosystem CO_(2) exchange and biomass productivity of the herbaceous layer of a humid savanna in Kenya respond to current management *** We used flux chambers to quantify CO_(2) fluxes,while monthly harvests were undertaken to determine biomass development of the herba-ceous layer of three sites that were(i)fenced to exclude livestock graz-ing,(ii)subjected to grazing by livestock and(iii)abandoned after being cultivated for maize production and also open to grazing by *** findingsthe peak aboveground biomass ranged between 380 and 1449 g m−2 and biomass production was significantly(P<0.05)lower in the grazed and abandoned *** maximum gross primary production(gPP)and net ecosystem CO_(2) exchange(NEE)ranged between 21.8±1.3 to 32.5±2.7 and−9.6±0.7 to−17.9±4.8μmol m−2 s−1,*** NEE fluctuations ranged between 10 and 21μmol m−2s−1,while spatial(among sites)differences ranged between 2 and 10μmol m−2 s−*** respiration(Reco)fluc-tuated between 5 and 10μmol m−2 s−1 during the growing *** was,however,not significantly different among the *** in other similar ecosystems where ecosystem respiration is determined by the ambient temperature,we did not find any rela-tionship between Reco and temperature in this ***,soil moisture accounted for 38-88%of the spatial and seasonal fluc-tuations in ecosystem CO_(2) fluxes and aboveground biomass *** influenced the maximum gPP and NEE rates through modification

关键词： tropical humid savanna abandoned croplands biomass production ecosystem CO_(2)exchange livestock grazing soil water content