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Optimal Islanding for Restoration of Power Distribution Systems Using Prim’s MST Algorithm

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 599-608页

作者： Kaka Sanaullah Mingchao Xia mazhar hussain Sharafat hussain Ammar Tahir the School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 10044China the School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 10044China

Power systems can suffer outages,causing complete or partial disconnection of their power supply to load centers within the distribution *** Generation(DG)plays an essential role in power *** can be used as a back-up power source to enhance the resiliency and reliability of a power *** mode operations after outages in an active distributing network(ADN)is an effective way to maintain continuity of the power supply to significant *** is a quite complicated task for power system operators to find the power flow *** studies have primarily used pre-defined guidelines to find feasible power flow paths,and have focused on multiple islands for *** these studies,possible restoration pathfinding with DG was the fundamental weakness,and furthermore,the power of DG was limited to pre-defined boundaries in the form of ***,in this study,a new algorithm has been proposed,which uses the minimum spanning tree(MST)method to find the most feasible *** proposed algorithm starts at any random node(in this case,DG),and progresses by selecting the next node with the least cost(weight),thus considering all the nodes through which power will *** proposed model is formulated as a multiobjective program considering the priority of loads and minimum power *** effectiveness of the proposed model is tested on a modified IEEE69-bus distribution system with the penetration of multiple distributed generation sources at different *** were compared with the strategies found in literature,and the proposed method was found to be feasible and efficient.

关键词： Active distribution network distributed generation islanding multi-objective minimum spanning tree

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COVID-19 and Learning Styles: GCET as Case Study

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 103-115页

作者： mazhar hussain Malik Sid Ahmed Amjed Sulaiman Al Hasani Department of Computing and Information Technology Global College of Engineering and TechnologyMuscatSultanate of Oman Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Global College of Engineering and TechnologyMuscatSultanate of Oman

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused higher educational institutions around the world to close campus-based activities and move to online *** aim of this paper is to present the case of Global College of Engineering and Technology(GCET)and how its practices including teaching,students/staff support,assessments,and exam policies were *** paper investigates the mediating role of no detriment policy impact on students’result along with the challenges faced by the higher educational institution,recommendations and *** investigation concludes that the strategies adopted for online delivery,student support,assessments and exam policies have helped students to effectively cope with the teaching and learning challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic without affecting their academic *** study shows that 99%of students were able to maintain the same or better level of performance during the 1st COVID-19 *** percent of students had shown a slight decrease in their performance(about 1%–2%)with respect to their overall marks *** no detriment policy has succoured those 1%of the students to maintain their overall performance to what it used to be pre-COVID-19 ***,the paper provides the list of challenges and suggestions for smooth conduction of online education.

关键词： Higher education learning styles COVID-19 challenges and strategies no detriment policy engineering and technology modules

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Adaptive Islanding Strategy of Sustainable Distribution System for Post-restoration Failures

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第4期9卷 1517-1531页

作者： Qifang Chen Kaka Sanaullah Ammar Tahir mazhar hussain Ali Raza Meer Mingchao Xia the Beijing Jiaotong University 100044Beijing China.

The power system is susceptible to failures,and further interruptions by subsequent outages which may cause extended events in the formed *** of the literature reviewed has focused on island formation after the disconnection of the main grid ***,there is still a need to analyze the post-restoration failures to improve the resilience and minimize the pro-longed disconnection of priority *** current research investigates the behavior of islanding schemes under secondary collapses and provides an adaptive solution to withstand such severities.A new total active critical node finding methodology is presented which eases the rearrangement of the initially formed island when affected by multiple faults or DG *** concept of single islanding with the coordination of multiple DGs is also discussed,in which the DG's power-sharing capacity is not confined to the boundaries of only particular *** economic plan is also proposed to select the controlled type DGs to reduce the overall cost of generation by reducing fuel *** evaluate the network's effectiveness and robustness,the proposed adaptive method is deployed on an updated IEEE 69-bus distribution *** Terms-Active distribution network,distributed generation,multi-objective,post-restoration,single islanding.

关键词： Active distribution network distributed generation multi-objective post-restoration single islanding.

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Design of a high-voltage electrostatic ultrasonic atomization nozzle and its droplet adhesion effects on aeroponically cultivated plant roots

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 30-37页

作者： Jianmin Gao Yinan Guo mazhar hussain Tunio Xiangchao Chen Zhijian Chen School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

In the process of aeroponics cultivation,the atomizer is one of the most important influencing factors on the cultivation *** study presented the design of an ultrasonic atomization nozzle using contact charging and a root droplet adhesion test *** purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the main operating parameters of the high-voltage electrostatic ultrasonic atomization nozzle and the atomization effect using droplet adhesion *** this study,the ultrasonic effect of nozzle was achieved by using Laval tube,and the design of the key parameters for the high-voltage electrostatic ultrasonic atomization nozzle were inlet pressure,electrostatic voltage root core electrode material and spray distance;the droplet size variation and root adhesion patterns were obtained through *** best operating parameters were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,and the droplet deposition distribution of the root system at different scales was investigated in the atomization *** test results revealed that when the root core electrode material was coppe and the nozzle working parameters were at 0.4 MPa of inlet pressure,at 1.75 m the spray distance,at 12 kV of the electrostatic voltage,the root system has the highest droplet adhesion.

关键词： ultrasonic nozzle high pressure electrostatic system droplet size measurement root adhesion test droplet deposition effect

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Influences of moisture content and compressive loading speed on the mechanical properties of maize grain orientations

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第5期14卷 41-49页

作者： Farman Ali Chandio Yaoming Li Zheng Ma Fiaz Ahmad Tabinda Naz Syed Sher Ali Shaikh mazhar hussain Tunio School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212000JiangsuChina Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam 70060SindhPakistan College of Engineering Nanjing Agriculture UniversityNanjing 210044China Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

Determination of the mechanical properties(rupture force,deformation,hardness,and toughness)of maize grain could be a significant concern for designing the harvester,thresher,and handling,processing,and storage ***,the present research was conducted to assess the vertical and lateral rupture force,deformation,hardness,and toughness of maize grain(Beijing Denong,Lianchuang,Suyu 20,Liyu 88 and Suyu 29)influenced by different moisture contents(11.2%,17.5%,and 21.3%)and compressive loading speeds(5,10,15,20,and 25 mm/min,respectively).Besides,the mean length,width,thickness,geometric mean diameter,equivalent diameter,arithmetic diameter,sphericity,grain volume,surface area,and aspect ratio of the selected varieties were *** results showed that the highest length,width,thickness and sphericity,grain volume,surface area,and aspect ratio were obtained at moisture of 21.3%,whereas the lowest was at 11.2%.Moreover,it was observed that as increasing the loading speed from 5 to 25 mm/min,the vertical and lateral rupture forces ***,as increasing moisture contents from 11.2%to 21.3%,the vertical and lateral rupture forces,hardness,and toughness decreased ***,the maximum correlation(R2=0.9957)between rupture force and loading speed was found for Liyu 88 at moisture of 17.5%and minimum correlation(R2=0.7002)was found for Suyu 29 at moisture of 11.2%.Moreover,the highest lateral and vertical rupture force was noticed(p<0.05)at a loading speed of 5 mm/*** on the experimentally obtained results,it was concluded that the properties of maize grain evaluated were relevant to the design of planter,harvesters,thrashers,and processing machine.

关键词： maize grain moisture content compressive loading speeds mechanical properties orientation

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Overview of the aeroponic agriculture-An emerging technology for global food security

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Imran Ali Lakhiar Jianmin Gao Tabinda Naz Syed Farman Ali Chandio mazhar hussain Tunio Fiaz Ahmad Kashif Ali Solangi School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

Traditionally,crops are cultivated in soil-based open field ***,environmental degradation,urbanization,and food security issues have replaced open-field systems with modern plant production *** culture is one of the modern plant production systems,which involves much higher use of available *** presented study provides information about currently accessible soilless systems and discussed the aeroponic *** to other soilless systems,aeroponic reduce water usage through continuous water ***,the aeroponic is not entirely implemented among local farmers,and very few farmers have adopted the system due to the lack of research and technical information available in the ***,this study was planned to provide information about the development and maintenance tasks required for practicing the aeroponic *** study could provide knowledge to the researchers,farmers,and those people interested in practicing the aeroponic system.

关键词： aeroponic food security hydroponic soilless culture substrate culture

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Effects of different irrigation frequencies and incorporation of rice straw on yield and water productivity of wheat crop

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 138-145页

作者： mazhar hussain Tunio Jianmin Gao Mashooque Ali Talpur Imran Ali Lakhiar Farman Ali Chandio Sher Ali Shaikh Kashif Ali Solangi School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Sindh Agriculture University 70060 Tando JamPakistan

The current rapid increase in irrigation water consumption is considered unsustainable and threatens the world food ***,it is mandatory to promote modern techniques and to manage existing conventional irrigation *** present study was attempted to determine the effects of different irrigation frequencies and rice straw incorporation rates on yield and water productivity of the wheat *** experiment was arranged with randomize complete block design involving nine treatments(RS 0 I 7,RS 0 I 15,RS 0 I 22,RS 1 I 7,RS 1 I 15,RS 1 I 22,RS 2 I 7,RS 2 I 15 and RS 2 I 22)under three *** exposed that the incorporation of rice straw with different irrigation frequencies significantly improved physico-chemical properties of ***,soil bulk density,infiltration rate,pH,electrical conductivity significantly decreased and soil porosity significantly increased under all ***,maximum crop yield and crop water productivity of 7706.4 kg/hm 2 and 1.92 kg/m 3 respectively were found under RS 1 I 15 *** on experimental results it can be concluded that irrigation frequency and incorporation of rice straw had significant effects on the physico-chemical properties of soil,total grain yield and water productivity of the wheat ***,this study suggested that the wheat crop yield and water productivity could be increased by incorporating 1 t/hm 2 rice straw with 15 d of irrigation frequency.

关键词： physico-chemical irrigation frequency rice straw wheat crop water productivity

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Effects of droplet size and spray interval on root-to-shoot ratio,photosynthesis efficiency,and nutritional quality of aeroponically grown butter head lettuce

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第1期15卷 79-88页

作者： mazhar hussain Tunio Jianmin Gao Waqar Ahmed Qureshi Sher Ali Sheikh Jiedong Chen Farman Ali Chandio Imran Ali Lakhiar Kashif Ali Solangi School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

The proper selection of the atomizer(droplet size)and nutrient solution spray interval is one of the most important factors to be investigated in aeroponics system for sustainable *** aim of this study was to research the effects of four aeroponics atomizing nozzles(one air-assisted;A_(1),two air-less;A_(2) and A_(3),and one ultrasonic fogger;A_(4))with droplet sizes of 11.24μm,26.35μm,17.38μm,and 4.89μm,respectively,four spray intervals(15 min(I_(1)),30 min(I_(2)),45 min(I_(3))and 60 min(I_(4)))at a 5 min of constant spray time by atomizing the Hoagland’s nutrient solution on growth,root-to-shoot ratio,photosynthesis characteristics,pigments,and nutritional quality of the aeroponically grown *** experimental results demonstrated that in A_(1) atomizer and I_(2) interval,the growth,photosynthesis efficiency,chlorophyll,carotenoids,and nutritional values of the lettuce were significantly higher compared to that grown in A_(2) and A_(3) atomizers at all spray *** shoot developments were more constrained than root,prominent to the alteration of root-to-shoot ratio(fresh and dry)in the influence of different droplet sizes and spray ***,the plants did not grow well in A_(4) atomizer associated with proposed spray *** results disclosed that there was an obvious interaction between droplet sizes(atomizers)and spray intervals for growth,the ratio of root to shoot,photosynthesis efficiency,pigments,and nutritional quality of the aeroponically grown *** research study increases the awareness of the proper droplet size(atomizer)and the regulation of nutrient solution spray interval for leafy vegetables grown in an aeroponics system.

关键词： aeroponics system atomizers droplet sizes photosynthesis efficiency chlorophyll contents quality of lettuce

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Effects of soil mechanical properties on the height and tractive performance of rubber grouser at different moisture contents

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第6期15卷 31-37页

作者： Sher Ali Shaikh Yaoming Li Zheng Ma Farman Ali Chandio mazhar hussain Tunio Fiaz Ahmad Kashif Ali Solangi School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Sindh Agriculture University 70060 Tando JamPakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

Rubber tracked vehicles are commonly used on agricultural machinery that perform agricultural operations such as rice harvesting in soft paddy fields with low bearing *** was carried out to assess the influence of soil moisture content and mechanical properties on the tractive performance of a rubber grouser with three heights(45 mm,55 mm,60 mm).The direct shear test and penetration test were used in this study,which was based on a semi-empirical approach of determining tractive *** shear tests were used to measure soil shear strength parameters such as cohesion,adhesion,internal and exterior friction *** results of the penetration test were used to determine tractive parameters such as soil thrust,running resistance,and traction,for the penetration test,a device was designed and *** experimental results revealed that soil cohesion and adhesion increased linearly with increasing soil moisture content,however adhesion dropped after 30.7%.Similarly,the soil thrust initially increased till 21.5%then ***,running resistance had a decreasing trend over soil moisture content whereas maximum traction achieved for 45 mm grouser height at 21.5%moisture *** was concluded that a rubber grouser with 45 mm height had better traction rather than 55 mm and 60 mm,it can be suitably used for designing a track system for a crawler vehicle(e.g.,harvester)leading to its greater adoption among the farmers.

关键词： soil moisture content traction rubber grouser soil mechanical properties tracked vehicle

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Smart Grid Communication Using Open Smart Grid Protocol

Smart Grid Communication Using Open Smart Grid Protocol

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作者： mazhar hussain Ali Zohair Umar Saeed Sohrab Mirsaeidi Sijia Wang School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University

The smart grid transfers electricity from power utilities to the customers’ end using full-duplex digital communication technology and helps us to control the home appliances and factory machines to save electricity while reducing costs and increasing reliability and transparency. So, in order to ensure the grid reliability, we need to monitor and control the smart meters by means of data transfer and command signals on the single power line without using any other communication media to improve the cost-effectiveness of the proposed study. This paper proposes a hardware implementation of a Power Line Communication（PLC） protocol named Open Smart Grid Protocol（OSGP）. This protocol is based on the Open System Interconnection（OSI）model. The proposed system comprises monitoring and controlling server（Lap-top/Desktop）, power line communication modem, two PIC18 f4520 microcontrollers, one energy meter and power line as transmission media. This protocol is first implemented on a server in C-sharp by using the OSI model approach, and then on micro-controllers in order to control the energy meter. The power line communication modem is used to send and receive the data between the server and the energy meter. Finally, results are presented to validate the hardware implementation of the protocol.

关键词： C-Sharp Distribution System Microcontroller Modem Protocol Smart Meter Smart Grid

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