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Patterns of floristic inventory and plant collections in Myanmar

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 302-308页

作者： Thant Sin aung Alice CHughes phyo Kay Khine Bo Liu Xiao-Li Shen Ke-Ping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Hong Kong Department of Ecology and Biodiversity The University of Hong Kong School of Biological SciencesChina Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China Minzu University of China Beijing 100081China

Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse countries in the Asia-Pacific region due to a wide range of climatic and environmental *** diversity in Myanmar is largely unknown,resulting in a lack of comprehensive conservation *** developed a database of higher plants in Myanmar derived from herbarium specimens and literature sources,and analyzed patterns of diversity inventories and collection inconsistencies,aiming to provide a baseline floristic data of Myanmar and act as a guide for future research *** collected 1,329,354 records of 16,218 *** show that the collection densities at the township level was variable,with 5% of townships having no floristic *** ecoregion had an average collection density of greater than 1 specimen/km2and the lowest collection density was found in the Kayah-Karen Montane Rainforests,which covered 8% of Myanmar’s total *** highest sampling densities were found in Mandalay Region,Chin State,and Yangon *** floristic collections over the past three centuries,knowledge of the distribution of the vast majority of plant taxa remained limited,particularly for gymnosperms,pteridophytes,and *** botanical surveys and further analyses are needed to better describe Myanmar’s floristic *** important strategy to promote knowledge of the biodiversity patterns in Myanmar is to improve the collection and digitalization of specimens and to strengthen cooperation among countries.

关键词： Biodiversity Ecoregion Higher plants Hotspots Myanmar Specimens

Iron Toxicity Tolerance of Rice Genotypes in Relation to Growth,Yield and Physiochemical Characters

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Rice science 2023年第4期30卷 321-334,I0013-I0023页

作者： Sheikh Faruk AHMED Hayat ULLAH may Zun aung Rujira TISARUM Suriyan CHA-UM Avishek DATTA Agricultural Systems and Engineering Department of FoodAgriculture and BioresourcesSchool of EnvironmentResources and DevelopmentAsian Institute of TechnologyKlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development AgencyKlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Iron(Fe)toxicity,generated from excess reduced ferrous Fe(Fe^(2+))ion formation within the soil under submerged condition,is a potent environmental stress that limits lowland rice *** 11 diverse Thai rice genotypes,including a recognized tolerant genotype Azucena and a susceptible genotype IR64,were evaluated against 5 Fe^(2+)levels[0(control),150,300,600 and 900 mg/L]to screen the tested genotypes for their Fe-toxicity tolerance and to classify them as a sensitive/tolerant *** evaluation was conducted by a germination study,followed by a polyhouse study on growth,yield and physiochemical *** showed significant variations in Fe^(2+)-tolerance across *** Fe^(2+)level beyond 300 mg/L was detrimental for germination and growth of all the tested genotypes,although germination responses were negatively affected at Fe^(2+)≥300 mg/*** responses in the form of leaf greenness,net photosynthetic rate,membrane stability index and Fe contents in leaf and root were the most representative of Fe^(2+)-toxicity-mediated impairments on overall growth and *** in physiochemical responses was effectively correlated with the contrasting ability of the genotypes on lowering excess Fe^(2+)in *** of average tolerance and stress tolerance index unveiled that the genotypes RD85 and RD31 were the closest to the tolerant check Azucena and the sensitive check IR64,*** unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means clustering revealed three major clusters,with cluster Ⅱ(four genotypes)being Fe^(2+)tolerant and cluster Ⅰ(four genotypes)being Fe^(2+)*** component(PC)analysis and genotype by trait-biplot analysis showed that the first two components explained 90.5%of the total variation,with PC1 accounting for 56.6%and PC2 for 33.9%of the total *** identified tolerant rice genotypes show potentials for cultivation in Fe^(2+)-toxic lowlands for increased productiv

关键词： iron toxicity Oryza sativa L. submerged soil principal component analysis stress tolerance index

Influence of Different Plant Materials in Combination with Chicken Manure on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Vegetable Yield

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 510-521页

作者： Richard Ansong OMARI Han phyo aung Mudan HOU Tadashi YOKOYAMA Siaw ONWONA-AGYEMAN Yosei OIKAWA Yoshiharu FUJII Sonoko Dorothea BELLINGRATH-KIMURA 1 United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo183-8509 Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo183-8509 Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research Institute of Land Use Systems Eberswalder str. 84 15374 Muencheberg

The use of plant materials as soil amendments is an uncommon practice amongst major farming communities in Ghana, although it is necessary for soil fertility improvement. An examination of the effects of soil amendments is necessary to encourage the use of under-utilized organic resources in Ghana. Thus, a field experiment was conducted using 8 different tropical plant materials mixed with chicken manure as soil amendments for growth of tomato as a test crop. The plant materials included Leucaena leucocephala,Centrosema pubescens, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indica, and Theobroma cacao. There were two other treatments: one with equivalent amounts of chemical fertilizers and the other with no-fertilizer input(control). Plant materials were mixed with chicken manure to obtain a uniform carbon-to-nitrogen(C:N) ratio of 5:1. Except the no-fertilizer control, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen(N). To clarify the decomposition pattern of the plant materials in soil, an incubation experiment was conducted using only the plant materials before the field experiment. The Gliricidia treatment released significantly more mineral N than the other plant materials in the incubation experiment. However, the tomato fruit yield was not enhanced in the Gliricidia treatment in the field experiment. The known quality parameters of the tested plant materials, such as total N, total carbon(C), C:N ratio, and total polyphenols, had minimal effects on their mineralization *** showed the best synergistic effect with chicken manure through significantly increasing soil microbial biomass and fruit yield of tomato. This result provides insights into the possible adoption of Azadirachta in combination with chicken manure as a soil amendment in small-scale agricultural holdings.

关键词：土壤改良剂植物材料碳氮含量蔬菜产量配合施用有机肥土壤微生物生物量田间试验

Plastid genome evolution of a monophyletic group in the subtribe Lauriineae(Laureae,Lauraceae)

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Plant Diversity 2022年第4期44卷 377-388页

作者： Chao Liu Huan-Huan Chen Li-Zhou Tang phyo Kay Khine Li-Hong Han Yu Song Yun-Hong Tan College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit WineQujing Normal UniversityQujingYunnan655011China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Ministry of Education) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River BasinGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi541004China Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar

Litsea,a non-monophyletic group of the tribe Laureae(Lauraceae),plays important roles in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia,Australia,Central and North America,and the islands of the ***,intergeneric relationships between Litsea and Laurus,Lindera,Parasassafras and Sinosassafras of the tribe Laureae remain *** this study,we present phylogenetic analyses of seven newly sequenced Litsea plastomes,together with 47 Laureae plastomes obtained from public databases,representing six genera of the *** results highlight two highly supported monophyletic groups of Litsea *** is composed of 16 Litsea taxa and two Lindera *** 18 plastomes of these taxa were further compared for their gene structure,codon usage,contraction and expansion of inverted repeats,sequence repeats,divergence hotspots,and gene *** complete plastome size of newly sequenced taxa varied between 152,377 bp(Litsea auriculata)and 154,117 bp(Litsea pierrei).Seven of the 16 Litsea plastomes have a pair of insertions in the IRa(trnL-trnH)and IRb(ycf2)*** 18 plastomes of Litsea and Lindera taxa exhibit similar gene features,codon usage,oligonucleotide repeats,and inverted repeat *** codons with the highest frequency among these taxa favored A/T endings and each of these plastomes had nine divergence hotspots,which are located in the same *** also identified six protein coding genes(accD,ndhJ,rbcL,rpoC2,ycf1 and ycf2)under positive selection in Litsea;these genes may play important roles in adaptation of Litsea species to various environments.

关键词： Litsea Phylogenetic analysis Divergent hotspots Gene evolution

Knowledge,access and utilization of bednets among stable and seasonal migrants in an artemisinin resistance containment area of Myanmar

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1227-1234页

作者： Wint phyo Than Tin Oo Khin Thet Wai aung Thi Philip Owiti Binay Kumar Hemant Deepak Shewade Rony Zachariah Regional Public Health Department Ministry of HealthBagoMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of HealthYangonMyanmar National Malaria Control Program Ministry of HealthNaypyitawMyanmar Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare(AMPATH) EldoretKenya GAVI the Vaccine Alliance GenevaSwitzerland International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease(The Union) South-East Asia Regional OfficeNew DelhiIndia Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research Unit(LuxOR)Luxembourg CityLuxembourg

Background:Myanmar lies in the Greater Mekong sub-region of South-East Asia faced with the challenge of emerging resistance to artemisinin combination therapies(ACT).Migrant populations are more likely than others to spread ACT resistance.A vital intervention to reduce malaria transmission,resistance spread and eliminate malaria is the use of bed *** seasonal and stable migrants in an artemisinin resistance containment region of Myanmar,we compared a)their household characteristics,b)contact with health workers and information material,and c)household knowledge,access and utilization of bed ***:Secondary data from community-based surveys on 2484 migrant workers(2013 and 2014,Bago Region)were analyzed of which 37%were seasonal *** net access and utilization were assessed using a)availability of at least one bed net per household,and b)one bed net per two persons,and c)proportion of household members who slept under abed net during the previous night(Indicator targets=100%).Results:Over 70%of all migrants were from unstable work settings with short transitory *** household size was five(range 1-25)and almost half of all households had children under-five *** 10%of migrants were night-time *** than 40%of households had contact with health workers and less than 30%had exposure to information education and communication(IEC)materials,the latter being significantly lower among seasonal *** 70%of households were aware of the importance of insecticide-treated bed-nets/long-lasting insecticidal nets(ITNs/LLINs),but knowledge on insecticide impregnation and retreatment of ITNs was poor(<10%).Although over 95%of households had access to at least one bed net,the number with one bed net per two persons was grossly inadequate(13%for stable migrants and 9%for seasonal migrants,P=0.001).About half of all household members slept under a bed net during the previous ***:This study reveals important short-fa

关键词： Operational research Malaria Transmission Artemisinin Greater Mekong sub-region Mosquito

Neurodegenerative diseases:a hotbed for splicing defects and the potential therapies

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第2期10卷 195-212页

作者： Dunhui Li Craig Stewart McIntosh Frank Louis Mastaglia Steve Donald Wilton may Thandar aung-Htut Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological DisordersThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia

Precursor messenger RNA(pre-mRNA)splicing is a fundamental step in eukaryotic gene expression that systematically removes non-coding regions(introns)and ligates coding regions(exons)into a continuous message(mature mRNA).This process is highly regulated and can be highly flexible through a process known as alternative splicing,which allows for several transcripts to arise from a single gene,thereby greatly increasing genetic plasticity and the diversity of *** splicing is particularly prevalent in neuronal cells,where the splicing patterns are continuously changing to maintain cellular homeostasis and promote neurogenesis,migration and synaptic *** continuous changes in splicing patterns and a high demand on many cis-and trans-splicing factors contribute to the susceptibility of neuronal tissues to splicing *** resultant neurodegenerative diseases are a large group of disorders defined by a gradual loss of neurons and a progressive impairment in neuronal *** of the most common neurodegenerative diseases involve some form of splicing defect(s),such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and spinal muscular *** growing understanding of RNA splicing has led to the explosion of research in the field of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide *** we review our current understanding of the effects alternative splicing has on neuronal differentiation,neuronal migration,synaptic maturation and regulation,as well as the impact on neurodegenerative *** will also review the current landscape of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic strategy for a number of common neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease Alternative splicing Splicing defects Antisense oligonucleotides Splice-switching Disease-modifying treatment

控电位下粒径对辉铜矿化学和生物柱浸动力学的影响研究

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控电位下粒径对辉铜矿化学和生物柱浸动力学的影响研究

作者： HTET aung phyo 中国科学院大学(中国科学院过程工程研究所)

学位级别：硕士

辉铜矿（Cu2S）是最为常见的次生硫化铜矿物之一,也是重要的铜资源。自上世纪80年代以来,由于环保和经济上的优势,生物堆浸工艺处理低品位辉铜矿得以在世界范围内广泛应用。尽管该工艺已在工业上广泛应用,仍然存在铜浸出速率慢,铜回收率... 详细信息

辉铜矿（Cu2S）是最为常见的次生硫化铜矿物之一,也是重要的铜资源。自上世纪80年代以来,由于环保和经济上的优势,生物堆浸工艺处理低品位辉铜矿得以在世界范围内广泛应用。尽管该工艺已在工业上广泛应用,仍然存在铜浸出速率慢,铜回收率低,浸出周期长,酸耗成本高等问题。破碎粒径是重要的工艺参数之一,破碎粒径过粗影响铜回收率,破碎粒径过细则影响成本和渗滤性。尽管有许多研究报道了辉铜矿在酸性Fe2（SO4）3介质中的浸出动力学,但是缺乏控电位条件下,粒度对辉铜矿柱浸动力学影响的研究。本论文针对辉铜矿生物堆浸过程中破碎粒径对浸出速率及生产成本影响较大的问题,开展了不同粒级的辉铜矿“第一阶段”和“第二阶段”的浸出动力学研究,对优化辉铜矿生物堆浸工程实践具有借鉴意义。本论文在恒电位（Eh）,恒温和恒pH的条件下,研究了粒度对辉铜矿纯矿物柱浸动力学的影响。此外,为了模拟堆浸,采用萃余液喷淋研究了粗粒级的低品位铜矿的柱浸动力学。本论文旨在探究不同粒级（0.054-200 mm）对辉铜矿柱浸动力学的影响,并利用未反应收缩核模型研究速率控制步骤。实验结果表明,粒度对辉铜矿第一阶段浸出动力学影响显著,由于硫层阻碍作用,粒度对第二阶段浸出速率影响较小。CT和SEM-EDS结果表明辉铜矿浸出后孔隙和裂缝明显增加。“第二阶段”动力学分析表明细粒级（0.054-31 mm）浸出同时受化学反应和扩散控制,而粗粒级（31-200 mm）浸出主要受扩散过程控制。通过粒度对辉铜矿浸出动力学的影响,进一步明确了微生物强化辉铜矿浸出的作用:嗜酸铁氧化菌除了维持溶液电位平衡,更重要体现在提高Fe3+和Fe2+的扩散推动力;嗜酸硫氧化菌主要作用体现在氧化S0层,减少扩散阻碍。本论文为生物堆浸应用中选择合理的破碎粒径提供了基础数据支持,为优化生物堆浸实践提供参考。

关键词：粒径柱浸收缩核模型 CT

Chemical Constituents from the Whole Plant of Cuscuta reflexa

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2020年第5期10卷 337-344页

作者： Tin Thu Thu aung Meng-Yuan Xia Pyae phyo Hein Rong Tang Dong-Dong Zhang Jun Yang Xue-Fei Yang Dong-Bao Hu Yue-Hu Wang Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China School of Chemical Biology and Environment Yuxi Normal UniversityYuxi 653100People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar

Two new 2H-pyran-2-one glucosides,cuscutarosides A(1)and B(2),and one new steroidal glucoside,7β-methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside(3),together with 12 known compounds(4-15)were isolated from the whole plant of Cuscuta reflexa(Convolvulaceae)collected from *** chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic *** antiobesity activity of these isolates was evaluated using porcine pancreatic lipase(PPL),and the antiplatelet aggregation activity was screened using rabbit platelets induced by thrombin,platelet-activating factor(PAF),arachidonate(AA),or collagen.7β-Methoxy-β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside(3)showed weak PPL inhibitory *** A(1),its acetylated derivative(1a),and scrophenoside B(8)showed weak inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by *** 1a also showed inhibitory activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by AA.

关键词： Cuscuta reflexa Porcine pancreatic lipase Platelet aggregation 2H-pyran-2-one glucosides Steroidal glucosides

Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy could be an important tool in the diagnostic dilemma inherent in perforated peptic ulcer: A case report

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2022年第2期5卷 82-84页

作者： Pankaj Prasoon Giridhar Hanumappa Devadasar Tun aung Kyaw Mohd.Akthar Ansari Mulky Damodar Kamath Chean Leung Chong Department of General Surgery Suri Seri Begawan HospitalKuala Belait Negara Brunei DarussalamBrunei

Acute abdomen is a common and sometimes dramatic clinical condition,which can be fatal if diagnosis is not made in *** peptic ulcer is a cause of an acute abdomen,which can be diagnosed by imaging ***,erect chest X-ray and CT scan may not always establish the *** we report a case of a patient with acute abdomen,where radiological imaging and CT scan were not able to provide a clear *** patient was diagnosed with perforated peptic ulcer by esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy,and underwent laparotomy to repair the anterior wall duodenal perforation with an omental *** endoscopic evaluation seems to be an essential tool for upper gastrointestinal evaluation in acute abdomen cases with inconclusive imaging results.

关键词： Perforated peptic ulcer Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy Acute abdomen