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Hypoxic pre-conditioned adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells embedded in fibrin conduits promote peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve graft model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 652-656页

作者： Julius m.mayer Christian Krug maximilian m.saller Annette Feuchtinger Riccardo E.Giunta Elias Volkmer Thomas Holzbach Department of Hand-and Plastic Surgery Spital ThurgauFrauenfeldSwitzerland musculoskeletal University Center munich(mUm) Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)Planegg-MartinsriedGermany Research Unit Analytical Pathology MunichHelmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health(GmbH)NeuherbergGermany Division of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University(LMU)MunichGermany Division of Hand Surgery Helios Klinikum München WestMunichGermany

Recent results emphasize the supportive effects of adipose-derived multipotent stem/progenitor cells(ADSPCs)in peripheral nerve *** under hypoxia is considered to enhance the release of the regenerative potential of *** study aimed to examine whether peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model of autologous sciatic nerve graft benefits from an additional custom-made fibrin conduit seeded with hypoxic pre-conditioned(2%oxygen for 72 hours)autologous ADSPCs(n=9).This treatment mode was compared with three others:fibrin conduit seeded with ADSPCs cultivated under normoxic conditions(n=9);non-cell-carrying conduit(n=9);and nerve autograft only(n=9).A 16-week follow-up included functional testing(sciatic functional index and static sciatic index)as well as postmortem muscle mass analyses and morphometric nerve evaluations(histology,g-ratio,axon density,and diameter).At 8 weeks,the hypoxic pre-conditioned group achieved significantly higher sciatic functional index/static sciatic index scores than the other three groups,indicating faster functional ***,histologic evaluation showed significantly increased axon outgrowth/branching,axon density,remyelination,and a reduced relative connective tissue *** pre-conditioned ADSPCs seeded in fibrin conduits are a promising adjunct to current nerve *** studies are needed to understand the underlying cellular mechanism and to investigate a potential application in clinical practice.

关键词： adipose-derived progenitor cells adipose-derived multipotent stem/progenitor cell autologous nerve graft fibrin conduit hypoxia hypoxic pre-conditioning nerve defect nerve tissue engineering peripheral nerve regeneration regenerative medicine

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Validation of a novel animal model for sciatic nerve repair with an adipose-derived stem cell loaded fibrin conduit

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 854-861页

作者： maximilian m.saller Rosa-Eva Huettl Julius m.mayer Annette Feuchtinger Christian Krug Thomas Holzbach Elias Volkmer Experimental Surgery and Regenerative medicine (Experimed) Department of General Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryLudwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics Department of Hand- Plastic-and Aesthetic Surgery Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Research Unit Analytical Pathology Munich Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery Spital Thurgau AG

Despite the regenerative capabilities of peripheral nerves, severe injuries or neuronal trauma of critical size impose immense hurdles for proper restoration of neuro-muscular circuitry. Autologous nerve grafts improve re-establishment of connectivity, but also comprise substantial donor site morbidity. We developed a rat model which allows the testing of different cell applications, i.e., mesenchymal stem cells, to improve nerve regeneration in vivo. To mimic inaccurate alignment of autologous nerve grafts with the injured nerve, a 20 mm portion of the sciatic nerve was excised, and sutured back in place in reversed direction. To validate the feasibility of our novel model, a fibrin gel conduit containing autologous undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells was applied around the coaptation sites and compared to autologous nerve grafts. After evaluating sciatic nerve function for 16 weeks postoperatively, animals were sacrificed, and gastrocnemius muscle weight was determined along with morphological parameters（g-ratio, axon density ＆ diameter） of regenerating axons. Interestingly, the addition of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells resulted in a significantly improved re-myelination, axon ingrowth and functional outcome, when compared to animals without a cell seeded conduit. The presented model thus displays several intriguing features： it imitates a certain mismatch in size, distribution and orientation of axons within the nerve coaptation site. The fibrin conduit itself allows for an easy application of cells and, as a true critical-size defect model, any observed improvement relates directly to the performed intervention. Since fibrin and adipose-derived stem cells have been approved for human applications, the technique can theoretically be performed on humans. Thus, we suggest that the model is a powerful tool to investigate cell mediated assistance of peripheral nerve regeneration.

关键词： critical-size nerve defect fibrin conduit autologous nerve transplant peripheral nerve regeneration adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells sciatic function index sciatic nerve re-innervation axon guidance peripheral circuitry

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“Wood-nacre”:Development of a Bio-inspired Wood-Based Composite for Beam and 3D-Surface Elements with Improved Failure mechanisms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1701-1711页

作者： Ulrich müller Peter Halbauer Alexander Stadlmann maximilian Grabner Hajir Al-musawi Bernhard Ungerer maximilian Pramreiter Department of material Science and Process Engineering Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable MaterialsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesKonrad-Lorenz-Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria Hycobility Engineering&Technologies GmbH Stadiongasse 6-8/Top281010ViennaAustria

Following the natural structure of the nacre,the material studied consists of a multitude of hexagonal tiles that are glued together in an offset manner with a ductile *** so-called“wood nacre”consists of macroscopic tiles of birch wood veneer with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 20 or 10 mm in diameter in order to mimic the aragonite tiles and the ductile PUR-adhesive corresponds to the layers of collagen in between.E-modulus(mOE),bending strength(mOR)and impact bending strength of the samples were determined and compared with reference samples of birch laminated *** hierarchical layered structure of the tiles does not cause any relevant loss in *** nacre,“wood nacre”also shows tough fracture behaviour and a high homogenization ***,strain hardening and high fracture toughness of the natural model could not be fully *** reason for this is the insufficient ratio between the strength and stiffness of the veneer layers and the *** adjusting the size of the tiles,increasing the strength and surface roughness of the veneers,*** densification,and using more ductile adhesives that can be applied in smaller layer thicknesses,it should be possible to better reproduce the natural ratios of nacre and thus achieve a significant improvement in the material properties of“wood nacre”.In addition to the mechanical properties,the high potential of the new material lies in the possibility of producing 3D shell-shaped elements for lightweight wood hybrid construction.

关键词： Bio-inspired Damage tolerance Failure behaviour Hierarchical structure Nacre Work of fracture

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone markku Kulmala marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOms)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOms measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOms, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOms are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

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Self-supervised optimization of random material microstructures in the small-data regime

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 435-445页

作者： maximilian Rixner Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis Professorship of Data-driven materials modeling Department of Engineering Physics and ComputationTechnical University of MunichBoltzmannstr.15D-85748Garching bei MünchenGermany munich Data Science Institute(mDSI-Core member) Garching bei MünchenGermany

While the forward and backward modeling of the process-structure-property chain has received a lot of attention from the materials’ community,fewer efforts have taken into consideration *** arise from a multitude of sources and their quantification and integration in the inversion process are essential in meeting the materials design *** first contribution of this paper is a flexible,fully probabilistic formulation of materials’ optimization problems that accounts for the uncertainty in the process-structure and structure-property linkages and enables the identification of optimal,high-dimensional,process *** employ a probabilistic,data-driven surrogate for the structure-property link which expedites computations and enables handling of non-differential *** couple this with a problem-tailored active learning strategy,i.e.,a self-supervised selection of training data,which significantly improves accuracy while reducing the number of expensive model *** demonstrate its efficacy in optimizing the mechanical and thermal properties of two-phase,random media but envision that its applicability encompasses a wide variety of microstructure-sensitive design problems.

关键词： microstructure property optimization

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Energy and blast performance of beryllium in a model thermobaric composition in comparison with aluminum and magnesium

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 13-19页

作者： Thomas m.Klapotke Stanisław Cudziło Waldemar A.Trzcinski Jozef Paszula Energetic materials Research Department of ChemistryUniversity of Munich(LMU)Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D)81377MunichGermany military University of Technology Faculty of Advanced Technologies and ChemistrySylwester Kaliski Str.200-908WarsawPoland

A direct comparison is made between the effectiveness of Al,mg,and Be powders as additional fuels in model thermobaric compositions containing 20%fuel,20%ammonium perchlorate,and 60%RDX(1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)passivated with *** determined calorimetric measurements of the heat of detonation,along with the overpressure histories in an explosion chamber filled with nitrogen,were used to determine the quasi-static pressure(QSP)under anaerobic *** measurements were also performed in a semi-closed bunker,and all blast wave parameters generated after the detonation of 500 g charges of the tested explosives were *** calorimetry results,QSP values,and blast wave parameters(pressure amplitude,specific and total impulses)clearly indicate that Be is much more effective as an additional fuel than either Al or mg in both anaerobic post-detonation reactions as well as the subsequent aerobic *** heat of detonation of the RDXwax/AP/Be explosive mixture is over 40%and 50%higher than that of the mixture containing aluminum and magnesium instead of beryllium,***,the TNT equivalent of the Be-containing composition due to the overpressure in the nitrogen-filled explosion chamber is 1.66,while the equivalent calculated using an air shock wave-specific impulse at a distance of 2.5 m is equal to *** high values of these parameters confirm the high reactivity of beryllium in both the anaerobic and aerobic stages of the thermobaric explosion.

关键词： Thermobaric explosives Beryllium Heat of detonation Quasi-static overpressure Blast wave parameters

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Ground-based and additional science support for SmILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.mcWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock m.P.Freeman D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.manuel J.matzka I.mcCrea Y.miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish meteorological Institute(FmI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SmILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SmILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SmILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SmILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SmILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SmILE conjunctions missions

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Synthesis and characterization of a 1,3-dibutylimidazolium azide([BBIm][N_(3)]) : A promising green energetic ionic liquid

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第8期38卷 1-15页

作者： Nawel matmat Amir Abdelaziz Djalal Trache Achour Sabrina Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun Hani Boukeciat Sourbh Thakur Weiqiang Pang Thomas m.Klapotke Energetic materials Laboratory(EmLab) Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic ProcessesEcole Militaire PolytechniqueBP 17 Bordj El-BahriAlgiers 16046Algeria Department of Organic Chemistry Bioorganic Chemistry and BiotechnologySilesian University of TechnologyB.Krzywoustego 444-100 GliwicePoland Xi'an modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065China Energetic materials Research Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilian UniversityMunich Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D)D-81377 MunichGermany

In the pursuit of advancing imidazolium-based energetic ionic liquids (EILs),the current study is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of 1,3-dibutyl-imidazolium azide ([BBIm][N_(3)]),as a novel member in this ionic liquids *** chemical structure of this EIL was rigorously characterized and confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy,1D,and 2D-NmR *** thermal behavior assessment was conducted through DSC and TGA *** analysis revealed an endothermic glass transition at T_(g)=-61℃,followed by an exothermic degradation event at T_(onset)=311℃.Similarly,TGA thermograms exhibited a one-stage decomposition process resulting in 100% mass loss of the ***,the short-term thermal stability of the azide EIL was investigated by combining the non-isothermal TGA data with the TAS,it-KAS,and VYA/CE isoconversional kinetic ***,the Arrhenius parameters(E_(a)=154 kJ·mol^(-1),Log(A/s^(-1))=11.8) and the most probable reaction model g(a) were *** observed high decomposition temperatures and the significantly elevated activation energy affirm the enhanced thermal stability of the modified *** findings revealed that[BBIm][N_(3)]EIL can be a promising candidate for advanced energetic material application.

关键词： 1,3-dibutyl-imidazolium azide[BBIm][N_(3)] Energetic imidazolium-base ionic liquids 1D-/2D-NmR analyses Short-term thermal stability Isoconversional approaches

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Update on acute myeloid leukemia stem cells:New discoveries and therapeutic opportunities

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第10期8卷 316-331页

作者： maximilian Stahl Tae Kon Kim Amer m Zeidan Section of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineYale School of Medicine

The existence of cancer stem cells has been wellestablished in acute myeloid leukemia. Initial proof of the existence of leukemia stem cells(LSCs) was accomplished by functional studies in xenograft models making use of the key features shared with normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) such as the capacity of self-renewal and the ability to initiate and sustain growth of progenitors in vivo. Significant progress has also been made in identifying the phenotype and signaling pathways specific for LSCs. Therapeutically, a multitude of drugs targeting LSCs are in different phases of preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on recent discoveries which have advanced our understanding of LSC biology and provided rational targets for development of novel therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges is how to target the selfrenewal pathways of LSCs without affecting normal HSCs significantly therefore providing an acceptable therapeutic window. Important issues pertinent to the successful design and conduct of clinical trials evaluating drugs targeting LSCs will be discussed as well.

关键词： Leukemia stem cells Cancer stem cells Acute myeloid leukemia Stem cell niche Xenotransplantation Plerixafor NF-kB C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4

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Perspective on ultramicroporous carbon as sulphur host for Li-S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 242-256,I0006页

作者： Helen maria Joseph maximilian Fichtner Anji Reddy munnangi ASTUTE 2020 College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityFabian WaySA18EN SwanseaUnited Kingdom Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU)Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 1189081 UlmGermany Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O.Box 3640D-76021 KarlsruheGermany College of Engineering Swansea UniversityFabian WaySA18EN SwanseaUnited Kingdom

Lithium-sulphur(Li-S)batteries are currently considered as next-generation battery *** is an attractive positive electrode for lithium metal batteries,mainly due to its high capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1))and high specific energy(2600 Wh kg^(-1)).The electrochemical reaction of lithium with sulphur in non-aqueous electrolytes results in the formation of electrolyte soluble intermediate *** dissolved polysulphides shuttle to the anode and get reduced at the anode resulting in Li metal *** solubility of polysulphide gradually reduces the amount of sulphur in the cathode,thereby limiting the cycle life of Li-S *** strategies have been proposed to improve the cycling stability of Li-S batteries.A unique approach to eliminate the polysulphide shuttle is to use ultramicroporous carbon(UmC)as a host for *** pore size of UmC which is below 7A,is the bottleneck for carbonate solvents to access sulphur/polysulphides confined in the pores,thereby preventing the polysulphide *** perspective article will emphasise the role of UmC host in directing the lithiation mechanism of sulphur and in inhibiting polysulphide dissolution,including the resulting parasitic reaction on the lithium ***,the challenges that need to be addressed by UmC-S based Li-S batteries,and the strategies to realise high power density,high Coulombic efficiency,and resilient Li-S batteries will be discussed.

关键词： Lithium-sulphur batteries Ultramicroporous carbon Sulphur Cathode Composites

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