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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： j.Lutgert P.Hesselbach M.Schorner V.Bagnoud R.Belikov P.Drechsel B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.Lindqvist C.Qu R.Redmer D.Riley G.Schaumann S.Schumacher A.Tauschwitz D.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Zielbauer Zs.Major P.Neumayer D.Kraus Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz Institut jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

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Milestones in the Observations of Cosmic Magnetic Fields

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Chinese journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第4期2卷 293-294页

作者： jin－LinHan RichardWielebinski NationalAstronomicalObservatories ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100012 max－Planck－InstitutfuerRadiosatonomie AufdemHuegel69D－5312BonnGermanyR2002J10；accepted2002June14

Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in the observations of cosmic magnetic fields obtained from the most important tracers of magnetic fields, namely, the star-light polarization, the Zeeman effect, the rotation measures (RMs, hereafter) of extragalactic radio sources, the pulsar RMs, radio polarization observations, as well as the newly implemented sub-mm and mm polarization capabilities. The magnetic field of the Galaxy was first discovered in 1949 by optical polarization observations. The local magnetic fields within one or two kpc have been well delineated by starlight polarization data. The polarization observations of diffuse Galactic radio background emission in 1962 confirmed unequivocally the existence of a Galactic magnetic field. The bulk of the present information about the magnetic fields in the Galaxy comes from analysis of rotation measures of extragalactic radio sources and pulsars, which can be used to construct the 3-D magnetic field structure in the Galactic halo and Galactic disk. Radio synchrotron spurs in the Galactic center show a poloidal field, and the polarization mapping of dust emission and Zeeman observation in the central molecular zone reveal a toroidal magnetic field parallel to the Galactic plane. For nearby galaxies, both optical polarization and multifrequency radio polarization data clearly show the large-scale magnetic field following the spiral arms or dust lanes. For more distant objects, radio polarization is the only approach available to show the magnetic fields in the jets or lobes of radio galaxies or quasars. Clusters of galaxies also contain widely distributed magnetic fields, which are reflected by radio halos or the RM distribution of background objects. The intergalactic space could have been magnetized by outflows or galactic superwinds even i

关键词： magnetic fields - polarization - ISM: magnetic fields - galaxies: magnetic fields - pulsars

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Systematic study of the dependence of magnetic and structural properties of Nd2Fe14B powders on the average particle size

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journal of Rare Earths 2020年第9期38卷 961-968,I0002页

作者： j.F.Durán Perdomo G.A.Pérez Alcázar H.D.Colorado j.A.Tabares L.E.Zamora j.j.S.Garitaonandia Department of Physics University of ValleA.A.25360 CaliColombia Applied Physics II Department Basque Country University48080 BilbaoSpain

A systematic study of the magnetic and structural properties dependence on the particle size was *** this,commercial NdFeB powder was separated into five different mean particle sizes using ***,from the original powder,eleven samples were also produced by mechanical milling assisted by surfactant,using various milling times.A total of sixteen samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM),and Mdssbauer spectrometry(MS).The particle sizes of the samples vary from the micrometer to the nanometer *** crystallite size decreases with decreasing particle *** result indicates that the Nd2Fe14B phase is found in all the samples,and the presence of this phase is also corroborated by MS using six sextets for fitting their spectra,with an additional singlet corresponding to the Nd1.1Fe4B4 *** mean hyperfine magnetic field increases with increasing particle size because the magnetic dipolar interaction between the magnetic moment of the particles increases with particle *** the VSM measurements the magnetic energy density(BH)max values were calculated for different particle sizes,and their maximum value of 34.45 MGOe is obtained for the sample with the particle size of 60μm.

关键词： Hard magnetic material XRD Mossbauer spectrometry Magnetization Particle size Rare earths

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joint Inversion of MT,Gravity and Seismic Data applied to sub-basalt Imaging

Joint Inversion of MT,Gravity and Seismic Data applied to su...

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The 19th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth

作者： max Moorkamp Bjoern Heincke Marion jegen Richard Hobbs Daniel Henderson IFM-GEOMAR Wischhofstrasse 824148 KielGermany Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) NO-7491 TrondheimNorway Durham University Department of Earth SciencesDurham DH1 3LEUK

We developed a joint inversion algorithm capable to invert gravity,seismic tomography and MT data to one common Earth *** development is motivated by the sub-basalt imaging problem in the frontier areas of the north-west European *** on synthetic data sets show that while no single geophysical method is able to recover the given sub-basalt structure by itself,the entire structure can be recovered when a joint inversion algorithm is used.

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Small Zeros of Additive Forms in Several Variables

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 1998年第1期14卷 57-66页

作者： j. S. Hwang Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan 11529 China

Let f（X） be an additive form defined by f（X）=f（x1. x2,…,xs）=σ1α1x1k+σα2x2k+…+σsαsxsk, where αo≠0 is integer, i=1, 2,…, s. In 1979, Schmidt proved that if ε>0 then there is a large constant C（k, ε） such that for s≥C（k, ε） the equation f（X）=0 has a nontrivial integer solution in σ1. σ2,…σs, x1, x2…,xs satisfying σi=±1 and |xi|≤Aε, i=1, 2.…,s where A=max|ai|. Schmidt did not estimate this constant C（k. ε） since it would be extremely large. In this paper, we prove the following result: Theorem 1 If log A≤1/ε,then C（k,ε）≤max （2/ε,20）; if log A>1/ε,A is sufficiently larye and 1/2A≤5≤|ai|≤A,i=1. 2,…, s, then C（k,ε）≤c1c2p and if the last condition is omitted, then C（k. ε）≤[4/ε]c1c2,where c1={2k+1 for≤k≤11 [5k2log k] for k≥12, c2=100c1k22k+c12 and p=2[log 2c1/ε]. We note that the inequality in the first case is sharp but not in the second case.

关键词： Additive form Subset sums Small zeros

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Fast and Sensitive Chiral Analysis of Amphetamines and Cathinones in Equine Urine and Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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American journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第13期6卷 995-1003页

作者： Caroline C. Wang Petra Hartmann-Fischbach Tim R. Krueger Alisha Lester Aaron Simonson Terry L. Wells max O. Wolk Nick j. Hidlay Industrial Laboratories Wheat Ridge USA

A simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible method for enantiomer analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, cathinone and methcathinone was developed and validated. The compounds were extracted from equine plasma and urine using a fast liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Only one milliliter plasma and one hundred microliter urine sample is needed for analysis. The extraction procedure had good recovery (>70%) and the matrix effect was negligible. Enantiomer differentiation and confirmation were achieved using liquid chromatography with chiral stationary phase and mass spectrometry detection. The method demonstrated excellent reproducibility with intra-day and inter-day precision of lower than 5%. The lower limits of detection for all of the compounds studied here were at low pg/mL level for both plasma and urine. This is the first report of the analysis of four chiral compounds in equine plasma and urine. Routine application was demonstrated for (S)- and (R)-enantiomer differentiation.

关键词： Amphetamines and Cathinones Equine Plasma and Urine Chiral Analysis Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Relationship between attachment probability and surface energy in adhesion process of gold particles to oil-carbon agglomerates

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journal of Central South University of Technology 2003年第4期10卷 318-323页

作者：伍喜庆 A.j.Monhemius R.j.Gochin School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering Royal School of Mines

Based on the theoretical analyses, the adhesion process of fine gold particles to oil-carbon agglomerates in a dynamic system was quantitatively investigated in terms of the relationship between the attachment probability and the surface energy. The proposed way to establish this relationship is to firstly theoretically derive the formula to （evaluate） the surface energy change of the system by analyzing the adhesion process of a gold particle on an oil-carbon agglomerate in a mathematic and thermodynamic way. The obtained formula of the maximum energy change of unit surface area is, (Δw′max=12σhw（cos θ-1）,) which involves two measurable elements: interfacial tension and contact angle. In a well-quantified system, based on the related model it is also possible to calculate the complicated concept, namely, the attachment probability by transferring other measurable indices. In this way, after some adhesion experiments and measurements of relevant parameters, the empirical relationship between the attachment probability and the surface energy change was established in an exponential function, Pa=Aexp(-ΔGsurf/k).

关键词： attachment probability surface energy agglomerate coal-gold-agglomeration gold

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Tracking moving magnetic features in the photosphere

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1737-1748页

作者： BCHNER jrg max-Planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung

This research aims for an objective identification, tracking, and a statistical analysis of the Moving Magnetic Features (MMFs) around sunspots using SOHO/MDI high-resolution magnetograms. To this end, we develop a computerized tracking program and study the motion and magnetism of the outflows of MMFs around 26 sunspots. Our method locates 4-27 MMFs per hour, with higher counts for large sunspots. We differentiate MMFs into type α that have a polarity opposite to the parent sunspots, and type β that share the sunspot's polarity. These sunspots' MMF subsets exhibit a wide range of central tendencies which have distinctive correlations with the sunspots. In general, α-MMFs emerge farther from the sunspot, carry less flux, and move faster than β-MMFs. The typical α/β-MMFs emerge at 2.2 - 8.1/0.1 - 3.2 Mm outside the penumbra limb, with lifetimes of 1.1 - 3.1/1.3 - 2.0 h. They are 1.1 - 6.6/1.4 - 3.6 Mm2 in area and carry 1.4 - 12.5/4.8 - 11.4 ×1018 Mx of flux. They travel a distance of 2.7 - 5.9/2.8 - 3.6 Mm with the speed of 0.5 - 0.9/0.4 - 0.7 km/s. Compared to the α-MMFs produced by large sunspots, those of small spots are smaller. They emerge closer to sunspot, move farther, live longer, and carry less flux. β-MMFs show much less correlation with the sunspots. The flux outflow carried by the MMFs ranges from 0.2 to 8.3 × 1019Mx· h-1 and does not show obvious correlation with the sunspots' evolution. The frequency distributions of the MMFs' distance traveled, area, and flux are exponential. This suggests the existence of numerous small, weak, and short-timescale magnetic objects which might contribute to the sunspot flux outflow.

关键词： sun activity magnetic fields photosphere sunspots moat moving magnetic features

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jNBY

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城市环境设计 2011年第4期 220-225页

作者： HHD 王振飞王鹿鸣 Thomas Clifford Bennett Mehrnoush.Rad max Christian Olav

项目名称:jNBY结构工程师:H & j International项目地点:上海项目面积:150m2客户:jNBY美国棉花协会建成时间:2010年2010年12月,HHDFUN为jNBY和美国棉花协会在上海新天地举办的品牌互动体验活动设计了一个可变的临时建筑。它可以根据功... 详细信息

项目名称:jNBY结构工程师:H & j International项目地点:上海项目面积:150m2客户:jNBY美国棉花协会建成时间:2010年2010年12月,HHDFUN为jNBY和美国棉花协会在上海新天地举办的品牌互动体验活动设计了一个可变的临时建筑。它可以根据功能及场地需要,通过多次拆装组合而呈现不同效果。当月,一系列包

关键词：组件美国上海美利坚合众国北美洲美棉 jNBY 建筑

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Transient GUS and GFP Expression in Spanish Red Cedar(Cedrela odorata L.)Somatic *** of Bombardment Conditions and Evaluation of Selective Agent Lethal Dose

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Open journal of Forestry 2012年第2期2卷 54-58页

作者： Yuri j.Pena-Ramírez max M.Apolinar-Hernández Oscar A.Gomez-y-Gomez Luisa A.Lopez-Ochoa Aileen O’Connor-Sánchez Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Acayucan AcayucanMexico Centro de Investigacion Científica de Yucatán MéridaMexico

Cedrela odorata is a tropical tree widely appreciated for its wood. Commercial plantations are frequently hampered by the attack of the meliacea borer, Hypsipyla grandella, and the lack of resistant varieties. C. odorata traditional breeding would consume very long periods of time, thus direct transfer of entomotoxic coding genes to generate resistant varieties is a promising alternative. There are two prerequisites for gene manipulation of this species: 1) to set the conditions for transgene delivery and 2) to have a way to select regenerating transformed plants. In this paper, we report the optimal biolistics conditions for transient expression of uidA and gfp reporter genes in C. odorata somatic embryos and the selective doses for kanamycin, spectinomycin, phosphinotrycin and hygromycin to screen transformed cells.

关键词： Biolistics Genetic Transformation Tree Genetic Modification Tropical Wood

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