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Preliminary assessment of natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazards in a phosphate mining site in southern area of Togo

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2019年第2期3卷 44-53页

作者： Eyakifama Hazou Cebastien Joel Guembou Shouop Eric Jilbert Nguelem Mekongtso maurice ndontchueng moyo Jean Felix Beyala Ateba Paalamwé Komi Tchakpele Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LoméP.O.Box 1515LoméTogo Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des ComposantsàSemi-conducteurs(LPMCS) University of LoméP.O.Box 1515LoméTogo Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 24157DoualaCameroon National Radiation Protection Agency P.O.Box 33732YaoundéCameroon Atomic and Nuclear Spectroscopy ArcheometryUniversity of LiègeBat.B15 Sart Tilman4000 Liege 1Belgium

Introduction Because of the increasing use of phosphate in industries worldwide,especially in Togo,it is interesting to investigate the potential radioactivity exposure of phosphate ores,especially in the one being exploring in Togo *** and methods The contents of natural radionuclides(40K,226Ra,232Th,235U and 238U)were assessed in phosphate soil samples from Kpogamé,Dagbati and Kpéméin the maritime region of Togo by using gamma spectrometry-based Broad Energy Germanium detector(BEGe6530).Since no study was made prior to the exploitation,the samples from the control area of Anfoin-Kpota far away from the three others were considered as *** and discussion The results are discussed and compared with the data from other *** activity concentration of 40K,226Ra,232Th,235U and 238U are between(59.45 and 129.99),(20.19 and 779.93),(16.81 and 121.42),(2.26 and 52.03)and(16.66 and 841.14)Bq kg^(−1),*** values obtained shows that the exploitation sites(Dagbati and Kpogamé)and treatment site(Kpémé)have a very high level of radioactivity than the control area(Anfoin-Kpota).The Kpogaméand Dagbati exploitation and Kpéméwaste discharging phosphate deposit sites were found to have higher activity concentration than many others exploited phosphate sedimentary deposits around the *** average annual effective dose of the above studied sites is 0.36,0.24 and 0.48 mSv year−1,*** value related to the discharge waste site is about 2%of the 1.0 mSv year−1 recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection as the maximum annual dose to the *** The obtained result of both radioactivity and radiological level in the studied areas will be considered as a pre-operational baseline to estimate the possible radiological impacts due to mining and processing phosphate industrial activities.

关键词： Phosphate Gamma spectrometry BEGe6530 detector Soil Radiation hazard

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Evaluation of the Fetal-Maternal Radiation Doses in CT-Pelvimetry and Estimation of the Fetal Radiation Risks in 03 Radiology Departments in Douala-Cameroon

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第3期12卷 113-124页

作者： Celestin Mpeke Mokubangele Alexandre Ngwa Ebongue Daniel Bongue maurice moyo ndontchueng Boniface Moifo Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics (CEPAMOQ) University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon Yaounde Cameroon Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Radiology Department Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: CT in pregnant patients requires careful consideration of the radiation dose and corresponding radiation risks from ionizing radiation to the unborn child. The determination of foetal dose in diagnostic radiology is of interest as a basis for risk estimates from medical exposure of the pregnant patient. Objective: To evaluate the foetal-maternal radiation doses delivered during the CT-Pelvimetry procedure and to estimate the risk to the unborn child to develop a cancer in childhood and hereditary disease. Materials and Methods: We investigate the foetal-maternal radiation doses during CT-scan Pelvimetry in Douala (Cameroon). Data of 194 helical acquisition CT-Pelvimetry were collected between May 2017 and May 2019. An average DLP for the examination was established and the average effective dose was evaluated. The fetal dose was calculated and the FetDose V5 program was used for risk estimations. Results: The average dose length product (DLP) was 56.17 mGy·cm (range: 51.69 - 59.21 mGy·cm). The average effective dose received by women pregnant was 0.78 mSv. The mean individual fetal dose was 1.5 mGy (range: 0.76 - 1.87 mGy). The risk of Childhood Cancer calculated was: range 1 in 16,000 to 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 260,000 to 1 in 106,000 to the risk of Hereditary Disease, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the foetal-maternal doses delivered during CT-Pelvimetry examinations are very low and the risks of childhood cancers and hereditary diseases are derisory, the technology should be further investigated to ensure its full potential for optimal diagnostic accuracy.

关键词： CT-Pelvimetry Fetal-Maternal Radiation Dose Fetal Radiation Risk

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Secondary Data Analysis of Tuberculosis Deaths in Bulawayo Province, Zimbabwe, 2016-2019

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第1期12卷 57-67页

作者： Tshebukani Mzingaye moyo Edwin Sibanda Notion Tafara Gombe Tsitsi Patience Juru Emmanuel Govha maurice Omondi Addmore Chadambuka Mufuta Tshimanga Department of Primary Health Care Sciences Global and Public Health University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Bulawayo City Council Department of Health Bulawayo Zimbabwe African Field Epidemiology Network Harare Zimbabwe African Field Epidemiology Network Nairobi Kenya

Background: Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death globally, and the third leading cause of death in Zimbabwe. Death from any cause following a diag-nosis of tuberculosis is classified as a tuberculosis death. Bulawayo Province reported high tuberculosis death rates from 15.3% in 2016 to 14.2% in 2019 against a threshold of 5%. We analyzed tuberculosis deaths for Bulawayo Province to characterize patients dying and to make recommendations for im-proving treatment outcomes for susceptible tuberculosis cases. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. We analyzed all (N = 469) records of tuberculosis deaths from 19/19 Bulawayo tuberculosis diagnosing centers from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. Microsoft® Excel 2007 was used to generate graphs and Stata® version 17 was used to conduct chi-square tests for trends. Results: Males accounted for 278/469 (59.3%) of the deaths. The median age of death was 40 years (Q1 = 33: Q3 = 51). The proportion of TB deaths increased from 63/114 (55%) in 2016 to 57/90 (63%) in 2019 for males (p Conclusion: High death rates particularly in the intensive phase, could be attributed to sub-optimal clinical care. Tuberculosis programs should work towards adopting differentiated care models for tuberculosis patients and developing algorithms for patients at high risk of death.

关键词： Tuberculosis Death Secondary Data Analysis Bulawayo Province Zimbabwe

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