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Investigating the Relationship between Food Pairings and Plate Waste from Elementary School Lunches

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1029-1044页

作者： Ariun Ishdorj Oral Capps Jr. maureen Storey Peter S. murano Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Alliance for Potato Research and Education McLean VA USA Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Plate waste, defined as the quantity of edible food left uneaten after a meal, is a challenge for schools participating in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). The new nutrition standards in the NSLP of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were implemented at the beginning of school year (SY) 2012-2013. School foodservice authorities were concerned that the new standards would result in increased plate waste and reduced participation, especially by students who paid full prices for lunch. There are many reasons for plate waste, including students’ dislike of the foods served, the composition of meals, the environment in which students are eating, the lack of time to eat, or perhaps other factors. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between entrée/vegetable “pairings” and plate waste by elementary school students pre- and post-implementation of the new school meal standards. Plate waste was measured to determine which entrée/vegetable pairs produced the least amount of waste. Plate waste of 144 and 305 entrée/vegetable pairings was analyzed, pre- and post-implementation, respectively. Our results indicated that more nutritious meals were offered during the post-implementation period. The new school meal standards led to no significant changes in entrée plate waste, but vegetable plate waste increased by 5.6%. As such, increases in the combined entrée/vegetable plate waste were evident from 40.4% pre-implementation to 43.5% post-implementation. The top five vegetables in terms of popularity were all starchy vegetables, the majority of which were potatoes in various processed forms. The least popular vegetables were dark-green leafy vegetables, such as steamed broccoli, both pre- and post-implementation. Chicken nuggets were the most popular entrée and were wasted the least. Understanding the dynamics of food pairings and providing desirable entrée and vegetable pairings can help reduce waste from school lunches.

关键词： Food Pairings National School Lunch Program Nutrients Plate Waste Vegetables

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新形势下的危机干预:2001年“9.11”事件后的新泽西

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医学与哲学 2004年第8期25卷 77-78页

作者： maureen m.Underwood John Kalafat 辛晶新泽西口腔医科大学新布伦斯威克nj08901 瑞特格斯大学广州中医药大学

提供了一个研究参与式心理教育研习班发展的事例。作为对世贸遭袭一事的回应 ,这种研习班迅速发展并传播开来 ,成为一种有影响力的团体。它为个人及团体提供了以概念和经验为基础的训练 ,以应对灾难 ,精神创伤 ,恢复力 ,忍耐力以及同情... 详细信息

提供了一个研究参与式心理教育研习班发展的事例。作为对世贸遭袭一事的回应 ,这种研习班迅速发展并传播开来 ,成为一种有影响力的团体。它为个人及团体提供了以概念和经验为基础的训练 ,以应对灾难 ,精神创伤 ,恢复力 ,忍耐力以及同情心的疲乏等问题。

关键词：危机干预 9.11事件新泽西心理教育精神创伤

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蛋壳结构与蛋壳质量

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 1993年第1期13卷 56-59页

作者：陈家俊 maureen m.Bain 英国格拉斯哥大学兽医解剖学系家禽研究组

蛋壳如果结构不良,那么无论它有多厚都不能发挥其应有的功能。对蛋壳结构进行分析可对提高蛋壳质量提供独特的机会。近年来,在提高蛋壳质量的努力中,都将重点放在提高蛋的比重方面,若是褐壳蛋鸡还致力于改进蛋壳的色泽。虽然在这方面,... 详细信息

蛋壳如果结构不良,那么无论它有多厚都不能发挥其应有的功能。对蛋壳结构进行分析可对提高蛋壳质量提供独特的机会。近年来,在提高蛋壳质量的努力中,都将重点放在提高蛋的比重方面,若是褐壳蛋鸡还致力于改进蛋壳的色泽。虽然在这方面,尤其是在提高蛋的比重方面已经取得了重大进展,但仍有一个疑问:鸡蛋的降级是否也成比例地减少了呢?这也许反映了当今愈来愈多的鸡蛋都由机械处理了,否则倒是可以说符合包装站所立标准的蛋确实增加了。然而,英国格拉斯哥大学兽医解剖学系的研究表明。

关键词：鸡蛋壳结构饲养

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Age Differences of Sunk-Cost Fallacy in Different Domains and Dimensions:The moderating Role of Temporal Horizon

Age Differences of Sunk-Cost Fallacy in Different Domains an...

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第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者： Yi Huang maureen Yong mu Ling Rongjun Yu NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore

Prior research indicates that older adults are less subject to the sunk-cost fallacy(SCF), which occurs when retrospective investments irrationally influence decisions regarding future investments(Strough, mehta, mcFall, & Schuller, 2008;Strough, Schlosnagle, & DiDonato, 2011). the current research aims to investigate the association between chronological age and SCF in the contexts of decision domains(social and nonsocial) and prior investment dimension(time and money). We also included temporal horizons and rumination avoidance as possible mediators to examine the underlying mechanisms of age on SCF. 110 participants were recruited in this study, of which there were 54 older adults(33 females;age m = 69.8 years, SD = 5.24;education m = 9.58 years, SD = 2.89) and 56 young adults(34 females;age m = 21.5 years, SD = 1.68;education m = 14.7 years, SD = 1.66). Participants were required to complete a serial of questionnaire, which consisted of decision-making vignettes from the Everyday Decisions Questionnaire, "filler" items which assessed other types of decisions, Future Time Perspective(FTP) scale(Carstensen & Lang, 1996), and the 10-item Rumination Response Scale(RRS-10)(Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003). Results showed that older age is associated with reduced sunk-cost fallacy regarding social relationships and prior time investments. moreover, this association could be mediated by more restricted temporal horizon in older adults. Our findings support a theoretical causal relationship between temporal horizons and sunk-cost fallacy: older adults are less susceptible to the sunk-cost fallacy of social-time investments than younger adults could be explained by that older adults have more restricted temporal horizons.

关键词： sunk-cost fallacy aging temporal horizon decision-making

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Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin/Protein Isolate Therapy for Patients with Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期4卷 329-334页

作者： leonard B. Weinstock Victoria S. Jasion Specialists in Gastroenterology St. Louis USA Department of medical Affairs Entera Health Inc. Cary USA

Background: A small double-blind study showed benefits of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI), for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) [1]. The purpose of this chart review was to assess safety and clinical outcomes of SBI in refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. methods: A retrospective review of 35 IBS patients with diarrhea or mixed diarrhea/constipation pattern (IBS-m) who were administered SBI 5 grams twice daily was performed. Clinical response (“good response” or “no response”) and adverse events were determined by follow-up after four weeks of therapy. Patients were included for evaluation if a lactulose breath test (LBT) had been performed prior to SBI. All patients were refractory to common IBS therapies. The response rate to the inclusion of SBI was calculated in three separate groups: dividing patients based on their LBT results (positive or negative), dividing patients by their IBS diagnosis (IBS-D or IBS-m) and grouping all patients together. Results: Analysis was carried out on 26 IBS-D/-m patients with LBT results. Two patients were lost to follow-up and were excluded from data analysis. The positive LBT group (N = 11) had a 73% (p = 0.117) positive response rate to SBI. The negative LBT group (N = 13) had a significant response rate of 77% (p = 0.040). If patients were divided by IBS diagnosis or grouped together, the response rate to SBI was similarly ranging from 69% - 88%. Adverse events leading to cessation of SBI occurred in 3 of 24 patients. Conclusion: SBI appeared to be a safe and effective nutritional moiety in refractory IBS-D and IBS-m patients. Larger, double-blind studies are needed.

关键词： Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin/Protein Isolate (SBI)

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malaria among rice farming communities in Kilangali village,Kilosa district,Central Tanzania:prevalence,intensity and associated factors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 911-920页

作者： Humphrey D.mazigo Susan F.Rumisha mercy G.Chiduo Veneranda m.Bwana leonard E.G.mboera Department of medical Parasitology Catholic University of Health and Allied SciencesMwanzaTanzania National Institute for medical Research Dar es SalaamTanzania

Background:malaria remains the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in ***,its prevalence varies from area to area depending on various ecological,socio-economic and health system *** study was carried out to determine malaria prevalence and associated factors among rice farming communities in the Kilangali village of Kilosa District in Central ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in may 2015,involving randomly selected persons living in the six sub-villages of the Kilangali village,namely mlegeni,Kisiwani,makuruwili,Kwamtunga,Upogoroni and Chamwino.A finger prick blood sample was obtained for diagnosis of malaria infection using Giemsa-stained thick smears and a rapid malaria diagnostic *** participants were also screened for haemoglobin levels and a total of 570 children aged≤12 years of age were examined for spleen enlargement using the palpation ***:A total of 1154 persons were examined for malaria infection with mean age of 21.9±19.69 *** overall malaria prevalence was 14.2%and 17.5%based on microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic test,*** falciparum accounted for the majority(89%)of the malaria *** overall geometrical mean parasite density was 20.5 parasites/μL(95%CI:14.6-28.8).malaria prevalence and parasitaemia was highest among individuals living in the mlegeni(23.9%)and makuruwili(24.4%)*** the children examined for splenomegaly,2.98%(17/570)had *** overall prevalence of anaemia was 34.6%.malaria infection was associated with the age groups of 1-10 years(aOR=4.41,95%CI:1.96-9.93,Pmild anaemia(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.11-2.62,Pmoderate anaemia(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.01-2.39,Pmalaria was found at the study setting and its prevalence varied according to the demographic characteristics of the study participants and between sub-villages that are closely loc

关键词： malaria Prevalence Risk factors Rice farming Tanzania

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社会关系和性关系中的自我理毛行为(英文)

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动物学报 2005年第5期51卷 772-779页

作者： michael H.FERKIN Stuart T.leonard University of memphis Department of BiologyEllington HallLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Pharmacology MemphisTN38152USANewOrleansLA70112USA

有很多观点解释了动物自我理毛的作用。例如,动物通过自我理毛可以清除在与附近的同种异性接触期间传播来的寄生虫,当嗅出同种异性的气味时也可能自我理毛,因为自我理毛是一种动物在逃避还是战斗之间所面临的进退两难选择时表现出来的... 详细信息

有很多观点解释了动物自我理毛的作用。例如,动物通过自我理毛可以清除在与附近的同种异性接触期间传播来的寄生虫,当嗅出同种异性的气味时也可能自我理毛,因为自我理毛是一种动物在逃避还是战斗之间所面临的进退两难选择时表现出来的改向行为。动物可以通过自我理毛缓解紧张,因而是一种缓解冲动的方式。在其它情况下,动物自我理毛可能表示对同种个体的反应,它们在不同场合下普遍存在自我理毛行为,表明这种行为有多种功能。因此,在这篇综述中,作者尽量避免自我理毛具有其它功能的争议,我们无意把自我理毛看成一种仅仅是对焦虑和紧张的反应、降低体温的机制,或者是一种护理体表的行为,我们也感到这种观点没有新意,这种有局限性的观点不支持自我理毛行为具有多种功能。我们在本文中更多关注的是自我理毛的特定背景,即当一个个体遇到同种个体的气味而出现的自我理毛行为[动物学报51(5):772-779,2005]。

关键词：社会关系性关系自我理毛行为动物学焦虑症状

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Group Support Systems: Implications for multi-Disciplinary Theory Building

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决策与决策支持系统 1996年第2期6卷 92-107页

作者： leonard m. Jessup Joseph S. Valacich(College of Business Administration California State University, San marcos 820 West Los Vallecitos Boulevard San marcos, California 92069 (619) 752-4233) (Department of Decision and Information SystemsSchool of Busi College of Business Administration California State University San Marcos820West Los Vallecitos Boulevard San MarcosCalifornia92069 Department of Decision and Information Systems School of Business Indiana University Bloomington Indiana47405

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关键词： Group Support Systems Implications for multi-Disciplinary Theory Building

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A Case Study of Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions during the Passage of an Extra-Tropical Cyclone in the Vicinity of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第9期14卷 855-876页

作者： Neil Jacobs James Churchill leonard Pietrafesa Shaowu Bao Paul Gayes University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder USA Department of Physical Oceanographym Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole USA School of Coastal & marine Systems Science Burroughs & Chapin Center for Marine & Wetland Studies Coastal Carolina University Conway USA Department of marine Earth Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA

The authors document the interaction of the atmosphere and ocean during the formation and passage of an Extra-Tropical Cyclone, which is a Nor-Easter, winter storm that formed in the southern apex of the middle Atlantic Bight near Cape Hatteras North Carolina, between February 15 and 18, 1996. While Nor-Easters per se, which have formed along the Atlantic Eastern Seaboard of the United States have been studied for decades, the actual atmospheric-oceanic mechanics and thermodynamics in the formation of a Nor-Easter has never been documented. We report on having done so with in-situ observations and data-based calculations and a numerical model. The in-situ observations were made via a Control Volume consisting of an array of Eulerian Oceanic-Atmospheric moorings with current meters, temperature and salinity sensors and meteorological towers. We find that Gulf Stream waters were located surrounding the mooring array, and that with the invasion of cold dry atmospheric air, there was a rapid loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere via latent and sensible surface heat flux during the cyclogenesis onset of the storm. A unique feature of this storm was that neither satellite nor buoy data showed significant sea surface cooling in the control volume. The findings indicate that storm winds drove warm saline waters from the Gulf Stream across the continental shelf into the control volume, accounting for a 51 cm rise in water level along the coast. This lateral heat advection provided heat to the control volume of 3.4e+18 Joules. On average, the heat loss at the surface of the control volume, via sensible and latent heat fluxes and radiation, was 0.7e+18 Joules, corresponding to a surface heat flux of -600 Watts per meter2 (W/m2). However, the heat lost by the control volume as latent and sensible heat fluxes was less than the heat it received via lateral heat advection, resulting in the lack of an often-observed sea surface cooling during other winter storms.

关键词： mid-Latitude Cyclone Extra-Tropical Cyclone Cyclogenesis Nor’easter Winter Storms Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes Salt Flux

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特朗普家的金龟婿

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商业周刊（中文版） 2016年第10期 52-58页

作者： Devin leonard David m. Levitt 许诺

今年2月9日，在新罕布什尔州曼彻斯特市，随着甲壳虫乐队一曲《革命》（Revolution）的柔和旋律充满整个大厅，唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）出场，庆祝他在该州的共和党初选中胜出。在重申竞选中提出的废除奥巴马医疗改革法案、修建... 详细信息

今年2月9日，在新罕布什尔州曼彻斯特市，随着甲壳虫乐队一曲《革命》（Revolution）的柔和旋律充满整个大厅，唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）出场，庆祝他在该州的共和党初选中胜出。在重申竞选中提出的废除奥巴马医疗改革法案、修建美墨边境隔离墙、重塑美国军事力量、“让别人不敢惹我们”等一系列承诺之前。

关键词：特朗普甲壳虫乐队曼彻斯特改革法案军事力量龟共和党奥巴马

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