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Seamless handover between unicast and multicast multimedia streams

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第10期15卷 929-942页

作者： mau.Luen THAM Chee-Onn CHOW Yi-han XU Khong Neng CHOONG Cheng Suan LEE Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya College of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry University Wireless Communication Cluster MIMOS BerhadKuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia Power-All Networks Jalan AmpangKuala Lumpur 50450 Malaysia

With the deployment of heterogeneous networks, mobile users are expecting ubiquitous connectivity when using applications. For bandwidth-intensive applications such as Internet Protocol Television(IPTV), multimedia contents are typically transmitted using a multicast delivery method due to its bandwidth efficiency. However, not all networks support multicasting. Multicasting alone could lead to service disruption when the users move from a multicast-capable network to a non-multicast network. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme called application layer seamless switching(ALSS) to provide smooth real-time multimedia delivery across unicast and multicast networks. ALSS adopts a soft handover to achieve seamless playback during the handover period. A real-time streaming testbed is implemented to investigate the overall handover performance, especially the overlapping period where both network interfaces are receiving audio and video packets. Both the quality of service(QoS) and objective-mapped quality of experience(QoE) metrics are measured. Experimental results show that the overlapping period takes a minimum of 56 and 4 ms for multicast-to-unicast(M2U) and unicast-to-multicast(U2M) handover, respectively. The measured peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) confirms that the frame-by-frame quality of the streamed video during the handover is at least 33 dB, which is categorized as good based on ITU-T recommendations. The estimated mean opinion score(MOS) in terms of video playback smoothness is also at a satisfactory level.

关键词： Experimental approach Multimedia session continuity Seamless handover Unicast/multicast switching Multimedia streaming

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Outcome of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for radiofrequency ablation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第29期11卷 4465-4471页

作者： Mike SL Liem Ronnie TP Poon Chung mau.Lo Wai Kuen Tso Sheung Tat Fan the Dutch Cancer Society Queen Wilhelmina Fund Amsterdam The Netherlands Centre for the Study of Liver Disease and Departments of Surgery and Radiology The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China Department of Radiology The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China

AIM： To evaluate the outcome of transarterial chemoembolization （TACE）in patients with unresectable hepatocellular cardnoma （HCC）〈5 cm in diameter eligible for radiofrequency ablation （RFA）. METHODS： The treatment-related mortality, morbidity, long-term survival, and prognostic factors of HCC patients who had TACE and fulfilled the present inclusion criteria for RFA were evaluated. RESULTS： Of the 748 patients treated with TACE between January 1990 and December 2002, 114 patients were also eligible for RFA. The treatment-related mortality and morbidity were 1% and 19%, respectively. Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 80%, 43%, and 23%, respectively. Older age and a high albumin level were associated with a better survival, whereas a high α-fetoprotein level （AFP） and the size of the largest tumor 〉3 cm in diameter were adverse prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION： The morbidity, mortality, and survival data after TACE for small HCCs eligible for RFA are comparable to those reported after RFA in the literature. Our data suggest the need for a randomized comparison of the two treatment modalities for small HCCs.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Radiofrequency ablation Transarterial chemoembolization

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Emergency re-routing of anterior sector venous outflow for right lobe living donor liver transplantation including the middle hepatic vein

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第3期10卷 325-327页

作者： Kenneth SH Chok See Ching Chan Chung mau.Lo Sheung Tat Fan Department of Surgery Queen Mary Hospital The University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory for Liver Research

BACKGROUND:Controversy remains over whether the middle hepatic vein should be included in the liver graft in right liver living donor liver *** in the anterior sector of a right liver graft can cause graft malfunction,which is especially devastating in the case of a graft with marginal size in relation to recipient body size on top of poor pre-transplant recipient *** case we report here highlighted the importance of the middle hepatic vein in right liver living donor liver ***:We illustrated the rectification of outflow obstruction of the middle hepatic vein in the anterior sector of right liver graft caused by technical error during *** rectification was performed with emergency re-routing using an artificial ***:Congestion in the anterior sector of the graft improved immediately and the patient’s postoperative liver function test results improved ***:The middle hepatic vein is important for effective drainage of the anterior sector of a right liver *** re-routing technique described in the report can also be applied to cases in which the middle hepatic vein is injured during hepatectomy requiring immediate reconstruction.

关键词： Gore-Tex graft vein graft liver graft cirrhosis hepatitis B infection

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Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis B Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hong Kong

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第3期6卷 283-288页

作者： Ka Wing Ma Kenneth Siu Ho Chok James Yan Yue Fung Chung mau.Lo Department of Surgery The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths *** resection is frequently limited in Hong Kong by hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis,and liver transplantation is the treatment of *** transplanta-tion has been shown to produce superior oncological benefits,when compared to hepatectomy for *** developments in the context of patient selection criteria,modification of organ allocation,bridging therapy,salvage liver transplanta-tion and pharmaceutical breakthrough have improved the survival of HCC *** this article,we will share our experience in transplanting hepatitis B virus-related HCC patients in Hong Kong and discuss the recent progress in several areas of liver transplantation.

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatitis B Hepatocel ular carcinoma Review

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Outcomes of right-lobe and left-lobe living-donor liver transplantations using small-for-size grafts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4270-4277页

作者： Wong Hoi She Kenneth SH Chok James YY Fung Albert CY Chan Chung mau.Lo Department of Surgery the University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong

AIM To analyze the outcomes of living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) using left-lobe(LL) or right-lobe(RL) small-for-size(SFS) *** Prospectively collected data of adult patients who underwent LDLT at our hospital in the period from January 2003 to December 2013 were reviewed. The patients were divided into the RL-LDLT group and the LL-LDLT group. The two groups were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes, including incidence of postoperative complication, graft function, graft survival, and patient survival. A SFS graft was defined as a graft with a ratio of graft weight(GW) to recipient standard liver volume(RSLV)(GW/RSLV) of < 50%. The Urata formula was used to estimate *** Totally 218 patients were included for analysis, with 199 patients in the RL-LDLT group and 19 patients in the LL-LDLT group. The two groups were similar in terms of age(median, 53 years in the RL-LDLT group and 52 years in the LL-LDLT group, P = 0.997) but had significantly different ratios of men to women(165:34 in the RL-LDLT group and 8:11 in the LL-LDLT group, P < 0.0001). The two groups were also significantly different in GW(P < 0.0001), GW/RSLV(P < 0.0001), and graft cold ischemic time(P = 0.007). When it comes to postoperative complication, the groups were comparable(P = 0.105). Five patients died in hospital,4(2%) in the RL-LDLT group and 1(5.3%) in the LLLDLT group(P = 0.918). There were 38 graft losses, 33(16.6%) in the RL-LDLT group and 5(26.3%) in the LL-LDLT group(P = 0.452). The 5-year graft survival rate was significantly better in the RL-LDLT group(95.2% vs 89.5%, P = 0.049). The two groups had similar 5-year patient survival rates(RL-LDLT: 86.8%, LL-LDLT: 89.5%, P = 0.476).CONCLUSION The use of SFS graft in LDLT requires careful tailormade surgical planning and meticulous operation. LLLDLT can be a good alternative to RL-LDLT with similar recipient outcomes but a lower donor risk. Further research into different patient conditions is needed i

关键词： Small for size liver graft Right lobe graft Left lobe graft Living donor liver transplantation

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Resection of T4 hepatocellular carcinomas with adjacent structures, is it justified？

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第1期16卷 52-57页

作者： Kenneth SH Chok Ka Kin Ng Tan To Cheung Albert CY Chan See Ching Chan Chung mau.Lo Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND： T4 hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） with invasion to adjacent structure（s） may require resection of not only the tumor but also the invaded structure（s）. This study aims to assess whether such combined resection for T4 HCC is justifiable. METHODS： Adult patients with T4 HCC were divided into three groups. Group 1： tumors and invaded adjacent structures were resected together if histopathologically confirmed tumor invasion; group 2： same as group 1 but histopathologically confirmed tumor adhesion; group 3： tumor resection only. Group comparisons were made. RESULTS： Totally 144 patients were included in the study. There were 71, 14 and 59 patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respec- tively. The groups were comparable in demographics, compli- cation and survival. Ten hospital deaths occurred （5, 0 and 5 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; P=0.533）. The 5-year overall survival （hospital mortality excluded） was 17.8% in group 1, 14.3% in group 2, and 28.9% in group 3 （P=0.191）. The 5-year disease-free survival was 10.4% in group 1 and 14.5% in group 3 （no data for group 2 yet）（P=0.565）. On multivariate analysis, macrovascular invasion and poor differentiation were risk factors for survival whereas combined resection did not impact patients＇ survival. CONCLUSIONS： Combined resection achieved survival outcomes similar to tumor resection only. Patients with tumor invasion and those with tumor adhesion had comparable survival after combined resection. At centers with the required expertise, combined resection should be attempted to treat T4 HCCs with clinically suspected invasion of adjacent structures.

关键词： desmosplastic reaction en-bloc resection hepatocellular carcinoma invasion recurrence

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Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced hepatobiliary malignancies: a single-center experience

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第4期16卷 382-386页

作者： Wing Chiu Dai Kenneth SH Chok Tan To Cheung Albert CY Chan See Ching Chan Chung mau.Lo Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong Kong102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina

BACKGROUND: Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy is a complicated and challenging procedure but necessary for curative resection for advanced hepatobiliary malignancies. This retrospective study was to examine the safety and survival outcomes of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in our center. METHODS: Prospectively collected data of 12 patients who underwent hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced hepatobiliary malignancies in our hospital from January 1998 to December 2014 were analyzed. The primary endpoints are treatment-related morbidity and mortality and the secondary endpoints are overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Curative resection was achieved in 11 (91.7%) patients. Complications developed in 10 (83.3%) patients. Three hospital deaths resulted from multiorgan failure secondary to postoperative pancreatic fistula or hepaticojejunostomy leakage. Six of the nine remaining patients had disease recurrence. The nine patients had a median survival of 39.8 (5.3-151.8) months. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 66.7%, 55.6% and 27.8%, respectively. The corresponding disease-free survival rates were 55.6%, 44.4% and 29.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality after hepatopancreatoduodenectomy were significant. With RO resection, the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 27.8% and 29.6%, respectively.

关键词： hepatectomy hepatopancreatoduodenectomy malignancy pancreaticojejunostomy pancreatoduodenectomy

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Improved anterior hepatic transection for isolated hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2014年第2期13卷 219-222页

作者： TanTo Cheung WaiKey Yuen Ronnie TP Poon SeeChing Chan Sheung Tat Fan Chung mau.Lo Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND: One of the best treatments for isolated hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe is major hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy, but it is not suitable for patients with poor liver function reserve. Isolated caudate lobectomy, which is a very difficult operation, is thus an alternative ***: Here we report an isolated caudate lobectomy with an anterior approach in the treatment of a large hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying cirrhosis, with focus on the technical ***: In the operation, both the left and right lobes of the liver were mobilized. Hepatotomy was done along the round ligament where parenchymal transection was minimal. After exposure of the left and middle hepatic veins and the hilar plate the caudate lobe and the tumor were resected en bloc with a5-mm ***: Isolated caudate lobectomy can be performed safely with this anterior approach on patients with poor liver function reserve.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma hepatectomy liver cirrhosis

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Estimating liver weight of adults by body weight and gender

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2217-2222页

作者： See Ching Chan Chi Leung Liu Chung mau.Lo Banny K Lam Evelyn W Lee Yik Wong Sheung Tat Fan Centre for the Study of Liver Disease Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China Centre for the Study of Liver Disease Department of Radiology The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China

AIM： To estimate the standard liver weight for assessing adequacies of graft size in live donor liver transplantation and remnant liver in major hepatectomy for cancer. METHODS： In this study, anthropometric data of body weight and body height were tested for a correlation with liver weight in 159 live liver donors who underwent donor right hepatectomy including the middle hepatic vein. Liver weights were calculated from the right lobe graft weight obtained at the back table, divided by the proportion of the right lobe on the computed tomography. RESULTS： The subjects, all Chinese, had a mean age of 35.8 ± 10.5 years, and a female to male ratio of 118：41. The mean volume of the right lobe was 710.14 ±131.46 mL and occupied 64.55%±4.47% of the whole liver on computed tomography. Right lobe weighed 598.90±117.39 g and the estimated liver weight was 927.54 ± 168.78 g. When body weight and body height were subjected to multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, body height was found to be insignificant. Females of the same body weight had a slightly lower liver weight. A formula based on body weight and gender was derived： Estimated standard liver weight （g）=218＋BW （kg）× 12.3＋gender×51 （R^2 = 0.48）（female=0, male= 1）. Based on the anthropometric data of these 159 subjects, liver weights were calculated using previously published formulae derived from studies on Caucasian, .lapanese, Korean, and Chinese. All formulae overestimated liver weights compared to this formula. The Japanese formula overestimated the estimated standard liver weight （ESLW） for adults less than 60 ***： A formula applicable to Chinese males and females is available. A formula for individual races appears necessary.

关键词： Estimated standard liver weight Liver tranplantation

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Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis:An indication for liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第4期21卷 396-398页

作者： Wong Hoi She Wing Chiu Dai James YY Fung Tan To Cheung Albert CY Chan Chung mau.Lo Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong102 Pok Fu Lam RoadHong KongChina

To the Editor:Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis(RPC),also known as Hong Kong disease[1],is an unique disease entity with a decreasing *** is characterized by the formation of intrahepatic biliary pigmented stones,which r... 详细信息

关键词： cholangitis obstruction liver

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