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Ethical frontiers in liver transplantation

World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 50-60页

作者： Hoi Pong Nicholas Wong Surya Varma Selvakumar Pei yi Loh Jovan yi Jun liau matthias yi quan liau Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Surgical Science Training Centre Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

Liver transplantation represents a pivotal intervention in the management of end-stage liver disease,offering a lifeline to countless *** significant strides in surgical techniques and organ procurement,ethical dilemmas and de-bates continue to underscore this life-saving *** the ethical terrain surrounding this complex procedure is hence *** the nuances of ethical principles of justice,autonomy and beneficence that underpin transplant protocols worldwide,we explore the modern challenges that plaques the world of liver *** investigate the ethical dimensions of organ transplantation,focusing on allocation,emerging technologies,and decision-making ***,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase and Central were searched from database inception to February 29,2024 using the following key-words:“liver transplant”,“transplantation”,“liver donation”,“liver recipient”,“organ donation”and“ethics”.Information from relevant articles surrounding ethical discussions in the realm of liver transplantation,especially with regards to organ recipients and allocation,organ donation,transplant tourism,new age technologies and developments,were *** the definition of death to the long term follow up of organ recipients,liver transplantation has many ethical *** new transplant techniques,societal acceptance and perceptions also play a pivotal ***,religious and regional factors including but not limited to beliefs,wealth and accessibility are extremely influential in public at-titudes towards donation,xenotransplantation,stem cell research,and adopting artificial *** and addressing these perspectives whilst upholding bioethical principles is essential to ensure just distribution and fair allocation of *** regulatory oversight for ethical sourcing of organs,ensuring good patient selection and transplant techniques,and high-quality long-term surveillance to mitiga

关键词： “liver transplant” “transplan-tation” “liver donation” “liver recipient” “organ donation”and“ethics”

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Pancreatic pseudocyst:The past,the present,and the future

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 1986-2002页

作者： Jonathan GA Koo matthias yi quan liau Igor A Kryvoruchko Tamer AAM Habeeb Christopher Chia Vishal G Shelat Department of General Surgery Khoo Teck Puat HospitalSingapore 768828Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of Surgery No.2 Kharkiv National Medical UniversityKharkiv 61022Ukraine Department of General Surgery Faculty of Medicine Zagazig UniversitySharkia 44511Egypt Department of Gastroenterology Woodlands General HospitalSingapore 737628Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

A pancreatic pseudocyst is defined as an encapsulated fluid collection with a welldefined inflammatory wall with minimal or no *** diagnosis cannot be made prior to 4 wk after the onset of *** clinical presentation is often nonspecific,with abdominal pain being the most common *** a diagnosis is suspected,contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging are performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the characteristics of the *** ultrasound with cyst fluid analysis can be performed in cases of diagnostic *** of the pancreas can lead to complications such as hemorrhage,infection,and *** management of pancreatic pseudocysts depends on the presence of symptoms and the development of complications,such as biliary or gastric outlet *** options include endoscopic or surgical *** aim of this review was to summarize the current literature on pancreatic pseudocysts and discuss the evolution of the definitions,diagnosis,and management of this condition.

关键词： Pancreatic pseudocyst Pancreatic fluid collection Cystic pancreatic lesions Pancreatitis Endoscopic ultrasound

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Can propensity score matching replace randomized controlled trials?

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第1期14卷 58-70页

作者： matthias yi quan liau En Qi Toh Shamir Muhamed Surya Varma Selvakumar Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Surgical Science Training Centre Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)have long been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal relationships in clinical *** that,various limitations of RCTs prevent its widespread implementation,ranging from the ethicality of withholding potentially-lifesaving treatment from a group to relatively poor external validity due to stringent inclusion criteria,amongst ***,with the introduction of propensity score matching(PSM)as a retrospective statistical tool,new frontiers in establishing causation in clinical research were opened *** predicts treatment effects using observational data from existing sources such as registries or electronic health records,to create a matched sample of participants who received or did not receive the intervention based on their propensity scores,which takes into account characteristics such as age,gender and *** its retrospective nature and its use of observational data from existing sources,PSM circumvents the aforementioned ethical issues faced by *** of RCTs exclude elderly,pregnant women and young children;thus,evidence of therapy efficacy is rarely proven by robust clinical research for this *** the other hand,by matching study patient characteristics to that of the population of interest,including the elderly,pregnant women and young children,PSM allows for generalization of results to the wider population and hence greatly increases the external *** of replacing RCTs with PSM,the synergistic integration of PSM into RCTs stands to provide better research outcomes with both methods complementing each *** example,in an RCT investigating the impact of mannitol on outcomes among participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial,the baseline characteristics of comorbidities and current medications between treatment and control arms were significantly different despite the randomization ***,PS

关键词： Propensity score matching Randomized controlled trials Randomization Clinical practice Validity Ethics

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On the Entangled Fractional Fourier Transform in Tripartite Entangled State Representation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2003年第1X期40卷 39-44页

作者： FANHong-yi JIANGNian-quan DepartmentofMaterialScienceandEngineering UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaHefei230026China

Based on the newly constructed two mutually conjugate 3-mode entangled states of continuum variables in three-mode Fock space we introduce entangled fractional Fourier transform (EFFT) for the tripartite entangled state representations, which are not a direct product of three 1-dimensional FFTs. The eigenmodes of EFFT are obtained,which is different from the usual Hermite polynomials. The EFFT of the three-mode squeezed state is derived.

关键词：量子理论量子纠缠纠缠态纠缠部分傅里叶变换本征模式

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EXPANSIONS OF STEP-TRANSITION OPERATORS OF MULTI-STEP METHODS AND ORDER BARRIERS FOR DAHLQUIST PAIRS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2006年第1期24卷 45-58页

作者： quan-dong Feng yi-fa Tang LSEC ICMSEC Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Using least parameters, we expand the step-transition operator of any linear multi-step method （LMSM） up to O（τ^s＋5） with order s = 1 and rewrite the expansion of the steptransition operator for s = 2 （obtained by the second author in a former paper）. We prove that in the conjugate relation G3^λτ o G1^τ =G2^τ o G3^λτ with G1 being an LMSM,（1） theorder of G2 can not be higher than that of G1; （2） if G3 is also an LMSM and G2 is a symplectic B-series, then the orders of G1, G2 and G3 must be 2, 2 and 1 respectively.

关键词： Linear Multi-Step Method Step-Transition Operator B-series Dahlquist(Conjugate) pair Symplecticity

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From Complex Fractional Fourier Transform to Complex Fractional Radon Transform

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2004年第1X期42卷 23-26页

作者： FANHong-yi JIANGNian-quan DepartmentofMaterialScienceandEngineering UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaHefei230026China

We show that for n-dimensional complex fractional Fourier transform the corresponding complex fractional Radon transform can also be derived, however, it is different from the direct product of two n-dimensional real ... 详细信息

关键词： Radon变换部分傅立叶变换信息光学密度算子

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A Kind of Three-Mode Entangled States of Continuum Variables Generated by Beam Splitter and Parametric Down-Conversion Amplifier

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2005年第2期43卷 208-212页

作者： JIANGNian-quan FANHong-yi DepartmentofPhysics WenzhouNormalCollegeWenzhou325027China／／DepartmentofMaterialScienceandEngineeringUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaHefei230026China DepartmentofMaterialScienceandEngineering UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaHefei230026China／／DepartmentofPhysicsShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityShanghai200030China

In 3-mode Fock space we find a new tripartite entangled state |α,γ > λ,which make up a new quantum mechanical representation. The state |α,γ > λ, can be generated byusing the setup composing of a beam splitter a... 详细信息

关键词： tripartite entangled state beam splitter parametric down-conversionamplifier

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Novel Evidence for a Reversible Dissociation of Light-harvesting Complex II from Photosystem II Reaction Center Complex Induced by Saturating Light Illumination in Soybean Leaves

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第4期49卷 523-530页

作者： yi Liao Da-quan Xu Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

After saturating light illumination for 3 h the potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ （PSII）（FJF,, the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence） decreased markedly and recovered basically to the level before saturating light illumination after dark recovery for 3 h in both soybean and wheat leaves, indicating that the decline in FJ/Fm is a reversible down-regulation. Also, the saturating light illumination led to significant decreases in the low temperature （77 K） chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F685 （chlorophyll a fluorescence peaked at 685 nm） and F685/F735 （F735, chlorophyll a fluorescence peaked at 735 nm） in soybean leaves but not in wheat leaves. Moreover, trypsin （a protease） treatment resulted in a remarkable decrease in the amounts of PsbS protein （a nuclear gene psbS-encoded 22 kDa protein） in the thylakoids from saturating light-illuminated （SI）, but not in those from darkadapted （DT） and dark-recovered （DRT） soybean leaves. However, the treatment did not cause such a decrease in amounts of the PsbS protein in the thylakoids from saturating light-illuminated wheat leaves. These results support the conclusion that saturating light illumination induces a reversible dissociation of some light-harvesting complex Ⅱ （LHClI） from PSII reaction center complex in soybean leaf but not in wheat leaf.

关键词： chlorophyll fluorescence light-harvesting complex Ⅱ PsbS protein reversible dissociation soybean trypsin.

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基于自适应续流比的混合式步进电机转矩脉动抑制方法

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陕西科技大学学报 2025年第1期43卷 142-151,202页

作者：王焜刘宝泉刘艺张浩铭刘俊陕西科技大学电气与控制工程学院陕西西安710021 西安西电高压开关有限责任公司陕西西安710018

混合式步进电机细分驱动存在较大的电流纹波,导致转矩脉动明显.通过分析H桥驱动电路的续流过程,提出一种基于自适应续流比的混合式步进电机转矩脉动抑制方法.该方法利用环型分配器产生的细分指令电流i ref与实际电流i相比较,以区分当前... 详细信息

混合式步进电机细分驱动存在较大的电流纹波,导致转矩脉动明显.通过分析H桥驱动电路的续流过程,提出一种基于自适应续流比的混合式步进电机转矩脉动抑制方法.该方法利用环型分配器产生的细分指令电流i ref与实际电流i相比较,以区分当前时刻所需的续流模式.在快速续流模式下,实时监测电流指令与实际电流的差值Δi ref,通过自适应系数k动态调节续流时间,直至电机相电流快速下降至给定电流i ref后切换至缓慢续流模式.对续流时长与快速续流占总续流时间的比例自适应调节以适应不同工况下步进电机的平稳运行,有效降低了转矩脉动.最后,搭建MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台并进行实验验证,结果表明,与传统混合续流控制相比,所提方法能够有效减小步进电机的转矩脉动.

关键词：混合式步进电机自适应续流比电流纹波转矩脉动

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Kinetics of a Migration－Driven Aggregation－Fragmentation Process

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2003年第2X期40卷 231-236页

作者： ZHUANGYou-yi LINZhen-quan KEJian-Hon~ DepartmentofPhysics WenzhouNormalCollegeWenzhou325027China

We propose a reversible model of the migration-driven aggregation-fragmentation process with the symmetric migration rate kernels K (k; j) = K′(k; j) =λkj^v and the constant aggregation rates I1, I2 and fragmentation rates Jl, J2. Based on the mean-field theory, we investigate the evolution behavior of the aggregate size distributions in several cases with different values of index v. We find that the fragmentation reaction plays a more important role in the kinetic behaviors of the system than the aggregation and migration. When Jl = 0 and J2 = O, the aggregate size distributions αk(t) and bk(t) obey the conventional scaling law, while when Jl > 0 and J2 > O, they obey the modified scaling law with an exponential scaling function. The total mass of either species remains conserved.

关键词：迁移-驱动聚合过程分裂过程动力学定标规则聚合速率分裂速率人口迁移

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