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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

典型结构功能一体化复合材料的设计与制备技术

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复合材料学报 2024年第9期41卷 4457-4477页

作者：蒋民强胡东源董晨昊 pierce Robert RUDD Chris 刘晓玲益小苏宁波诺丁汉大学理工学院长三角碳纤维及复合材料技术创新中心丹麦技术大学风力与能源系统学院

在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料轻量化与结构性能持续提高的前提下，同时附加其特定的功能，尤其是在不损失、甚至提升其层间断裂韧性的情况下，不仅可以弥补结构复合材料天然的缺陷，例如树脂基体的电绝缘性，也可以使其满足特定产品的要... 详细信息

在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料轻量化与结构性能持续提高的前提下，同时附加其特定的功能，尤其是在不损失、甚至提升其层间断裂韧性的情况下，不仅可以弥补结构复合材料天然的缺陷，例如树脂基体的电绝缘性，也可以使其满足特定产品的要求，例如高刚度兼具一定的吸声降噪特性等。显然，对于航空航天这样的尖端应用领域，这种功能附加或结构功能一体化的复合材料技术对航空航天技术的未来发展至关重要。本文介绍了4种具有典型性的结构功能一体化复合材料的设计、制备与性能研究，分别是基于层间功能化插层和基于内织导电纬纱的导电增韧一体化复合材料及多级孔碳化棉纤维填充蜂窝/微穿孔面板的夹芯复合材料结构和编织布/无纺纤维毡复合材料片材折叠成型的结构吸声一体化复合材料。前两种材料分别通过在复合材料富树脂的层间插入导电功能化插层和在复合材料内引入贯通整个材料的导电纬纱网络实现了复合材料的导电性能与层间韧性的同步提高，而后两种材料则分别通过多级孔结构的碳化棉纤维材料填充蜂窝/微穿孔面板夹芯技术和编织布/无纺纤维毡复合材料片材的折叠技术实现了良好的吸声性能等，以展示多尺度、多层次结构设计和制备技术在结构复合材料功能化集成和结构功能一体化方面的应用。

关键词：碳纤维增强复合材料多功能复合材料导电增韧吸声

Forecasting vulnerability of deep extraction level excavations to drawinduced cave loads

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 527-534页

作者： Matthew E.pierce pierce Engineering

Block and panel caving methods are increasingly used for mining of large and strong orebodies at large depths below the ground surface (>1 km). This paper focuses on the production phase of caving when the extraction level is fully developed and subjected to the weight of overlying caved material. A limit equilibrium solution for estimation of cave loads is critically reviewed and combined with existing empirical tools in order to forecast extraction level performance under cave loading. The analysis results, presented in nomogram form, suggest that the risk of severe squeezing of extraction level tunnels does not increase with cave depths below 500-1000 m due to the beneficial effects of arching. Under normal extraction ratios (ER = ~50%), severe squeezing experienced from cave loads in deep mines appears to be unlikely in all but the weakest rock masses (σcm < 5 MPa, where σcm is the rock mass global strength), even with poor draw control or low drawpoint availability. The likelihood of severe squeezing is greater when large draw areas (HR = 50-75 m, where HR is the hydraulic radius) are combined with low drawpoint availability or poor draw control and locally higher extraction ratios (ER = ~75%), even in better quality rock (σcm = 5-10 MPa). The analysis results are back-analyzed with the extraction level performance before and after a doubling production of rate and draw area at the deep ore zone (DOZ) mine in Indonesia. The extraction level conditions predicted by the nomograms correlate well with the experience at the DOZ, in which extraction level damage increases significantly over the production rampup, accompanied by a significant drop in drawpoint availability.

关键词： Block caving Panel caving Extraction level Draw control Squeezing

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母亲和父亲患精神疾病与儿童和青少年受伤风险之间的关系:基于瑞典全国登记的队列研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第7期25卷 377-377页

作者： Alicia Nevriana matthias pierce Christina Dalman Susanne Wicks Marie Hasselberg Holly Hope Kathryn M Abel Kyriaki Kosidou 彭靖(译) 戴继灿(校) Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Centre for Women's Mental Health Division of Psychology and Mental HealthFaculty of BiologyMedicine and Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Stockholm RegionStockholmSweden Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ManchesterUK 北京大学第一医院男科中心上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院

目的确定父母精神疾病与子女受伤风险之间的关系。设计回顾性队列研究。研究地点基于瑞典登记在册的人口。参与者1996-2011年出生的1542000名儿童和与之关联的89334名母亲和873935名父亲。暴露母亲或父亲的精神疾病(非情感性精神疾病、... 详细信息

目的确定父母精神疾病与子女受伤风险之间的关系。设计回顾性队列研究。研究地点基于瑞典登记在册的人口。参与者1996-2011年出生的1542000名儿童和与之关联的89334名母亲和873935名父亲。暴露母亲或父亲的精神疾病(非情感性精神疾病、情感性精神疾病、酒精或药物滥用、情绪障碍、焦虑和压力相关障碍、饮食障碍、人格障碍)通过住院或门诊医疗保健记录确认。

关键词：精神疾病饮食障碍药物滥用回顾性队列研究情绪障碍医疗保健儿童和青少年之间的关系

Forecast Hesitancy: Why are People Reluctant to Believe, Accept, or Respond to Various Weather, Water, and Climate Hazard-Related Forecasts?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 600-609页

作者： Michael H.Glantz Gregory E.pierce Consortium for Capacity Building(CCB) Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR)University of ColoradoBoulderCO80301USA

Current discussions of the social phenomenon of“vaccine hesitancy”with regard to Covid-19 provide an opportunity to use hesitancy as a means to shift thinking about untimely and delayed responses to forecasts of hydrometeorological ***,that is,provides a paradigm through which such regrettably delayed responses to hydromet hazards might be better understood and effectively *** exaggeration,just about every hydromet event provides an example of how hesitancy hinders individual,community,and national government risk-reducing preventive and mitigative responses to forecasts of foreseeable,relatively near-term climate,water,or weather *** for such hesitancy(for vaccine and forecast use alike)include—among others—lack of trust in the science,lack of confidence in government,and persistent concern about the uncertainties that surround forecasting—both meteorological and public *** such,a better understanding of the causes that lead to individual and group hesitancy can better inform hydromet forecasters and affected communities about ways in which beneficial actions in response to timely forecasts are often *** better understanding will facilitate,where necessary,targeted interventions to enhance the societal value of forecasting by reducing this long-observed challenge of“forecast hesitancy.”First,this article focuses on incidents of“vaccine hesitancy”that,for various reasons,people around the world are even now experiencing with regard to several now-available,and confirmed efficacious,Covid-19 *** of such incidents of indecisiveness first increased dramatically over the first few months of 2021,despite the strong scientific confidence that vaccination would significantly lower personal risk of contracting as well as spreading the ***,the notion of forecast hesitancy with regard to hydrometeorological hazards is discussed.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Forecast Forecast hesitancy Hesitancy Hydromet hazards Vaccine hesitancy

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An adaptive range-query optimization technique with distributed replicas

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第1期21卷 190-198页

作者： Sayar Ahmet pierce Marlon Fox C.Geoffrey Department of Computer Engineering Kocaeli University Department of Computer Science Indiana University Community Grids Lab Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University

Replication is an approach often used to speed up the execution of queries submitted to a large dataset.A compile-time/run-time approach is presented for minimizing the response time of 2-dimensional range when a distributed replica of a dataset *** aim is to partition the query payload(and its range) into subsets and distribute those to the replica nodes in a way that minimizes a client's response ***,since query size and distribution characteristics of data(data dense/sparse regions) in varying ranges are not known a priori,performing efficient load balancing and parallel processing over the unpredictable workload is difficult.A technique based on the creation and manipulation of dynamic spatial indexes for query payload estimation in distributed queries was *** effectiveness of this technique was demonstrated on queries for analysis of archived earthquake-generated seismic data records.

关键词： distributed systems load balancing range query query optimization

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Agent-based models reveal limits of mark-release-recapture estimates for the rare butterfly, Bhutanitis thaidina (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 550-566页

作者： Zhengyang Wang Yuanheng Li Anuj Jain Naomi E.pierce Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138 USA

Insect diversity and abundance are in drastic decline worldwide,but quantifying insect populations to better conserve them is a difficult ***-release-recapture(MRR)is widely used as an ecological indicator for insect populations,but the accuracy of MRR estimates can vary with factors such as spatial scale,sampling effort and models of *** conducted a 3-year MRR study of *** in Yanzigou valley,*** but failed to obtain sufficient data for a robust population *** prompted us to integrate *** life history information to parameterize agent-based models and evaluate the conditions under which successful MRR studies could be *** evaluated:(1)the performance of MRR models under different landscape types,and(2)the influence of experimental design on the accuracy and variance of MRR-based *** simulations revealed systematic underestimates of true population parameters by MRR models when sampling effort was *** a total of 2772 simulations,subjective decisions in sampling protocol(e.g.,frequency,number of sampling locations,use of spatially explicit models,type of estimands)accounted for nearly half of the variation in *** conclude that MRR-based estimates could be improved with the addition of more field-specific parameters.

关键词： agent-based simulation Aristolochia moupinensis habitat hostplant landscape Mt.Gongga program MARK spatially explicit capture-recapture(SECR)

Homotypic Vacuole Fusion Requires VTI11 and Is Regulated by Phosphoinositides

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 1026-1040页

作者： Sang Won Han Maria Fernanda Rodriguez-Welsh Marcela Rojas-pierce Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Most plant cells contain a large central vacuole that is essential to maintain cellular turgor. We report a new mutant allele of VTI11 that implicates the SNARE protein VTI11 in homotypic fusion of protein storage and lytic vacuoles. Fusion of the multiple vacuoles present in vtill mutants could be induced by treatment with Wortmannin and LY294002, which are inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase （PI3K）. We provide evidence that Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate （Ptdlns（3）P） regulates vacuole fusion in vtill mutants, and that fusion of these vacuoles requires intact microtubules and actin filaments. Finally, we show that Wortmannin also induced the fusion of guard cell vacuoles in fava beans, where vacuoles are naturally fragmented after ABA-induced stomata closure. These results suggest a ubiquitous role of phosphoinositides in vacuole fusion, both during the development of the large central vacuole and during the dynamic vacuole remodeling that occurs as part of stomata movements.

关键词： vacuole SNARE phosphoinositides membrane fusion Wortmannin.

Sex-specific relationships between urbanization,parasitism,and plumage coloration in house finches

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 237-244页

作者： Brooke E.Sykes pierce Hutton Kevin J.McGraw School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Historically,studies of condition-dependent signals in animals have been male-centric,but recent work suggests that female ornaments can also communicate individual quality(e.g.,disease state,fecundity).There also has been a surge of interest in how urbanization alters signaling traits,but we know little about if and how cities affect signal expression in female *** measured carotenoid-based plumage coloration and coccidian(Isospora spp.)parasite burden in desert and city populations of house finches Haemorhous mexicanus to examine links between urbanization,health state,and feather pigmentation in males and *** earlier work,we showed that male house finches are less colorful and more parasitized in the city,and we again detected such patterns in this study for males;however,urban females were less colorful,but not more parasitized,than rural ***,contrary to rural populations,we found that urban birds(regardless of sex)with larger patches of carotenoid coloration were also more heavily infected with *** results show that urban environments can disrupt condition-dependent color expression and highlight the need for more studies on how cities affect disease and signaling traits in both male and female animals.

关键词： carotenoid pigmentation female ornaments Haemorhous mexicanus parasites urban ecology