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Soy-based renoprotection

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期5卷 233-257页

作者： Nancy J Mc graw Elaine S Krul Elizabeth Grunz-Borgmann Alan R Parrish Global Nutrition Du Pont Nutrition and Health Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology School of Medicine University of Missouri

Chronic kidney disease （CKD） is a significant public health problem as risk factors such as advanced age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes rise in the global po-pulation. Currently there are no effective pharmacologic treatments for this disease. The role of diet is important for slowing the progression of CKD and managing symptoms in later stages of renal insuffciency. While low protein diets are generally recommended, maintaining adequate levels of intake is critical for health. There is an increasing appreciation that the source of protein may also be important. Soybean protein has been the most extensively studied plant-based protein in subjects with kidney disease and has demonstrated renal protective properties in a number of clinical studies. Soy protein consumption has been shown to slow the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and significantly improve proteinuria in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with nephropathy. Soy’s beneficial effects on renal function may also result from its impact on certain phy-siological risk factors for CKD such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. Soy intake is also associated with improvements in antioxidant status and systemic infammation in early and late stage CKD pati-ents. Studies conducted in animal models have helped to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms that may play a role in the positive effects of soy protein on renal parameters in polycystic kidney disease, metabolically-induced kidney dysfunction and age-associated prog-ressive nephropathy. Despite the established relationship between soy and renoprotection, further studies are needed for a clear understanding of the role of the cellular and molecular target（s） of soy protein in main-taining renal function.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Diet Proteinuria Protein Soy

Update on prevention and screening of cervical cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 744-752页

作者： Shaniqua L Mc graw Jeanne M Ferrante Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Somerset New Jersey NJ 08873 United States Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey NJ 08903 United States

Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in women in the world. During the past few decades tremendous strides have been made toward decreasing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer with the implementation of various prevention and screening strategies. The causative agent linked to cervical development and its precursors is the human papillomavirus(HPV). Prevention and screening measures for cervical cancer are paramount because the ability to identify and treat the illness at its premature stage often disrupts the process of neoplasia. Cervical carcinogenesis can be the result of infections from multiple high-risk HPV types that act synergistically. This imposes a level of complexity to identifying and vaccinating against the actual causative agent. Additionally, most HPV infections spontaneously clear. Therefore, screening strategies should optimally weigh the benefits and risks of screening to avoid the discovery and needless treatment of transient HPV infections. This article provides an update of the preventative and screening methodsfor cervical cancer, mainly HPV vaccination, screening with Pap smear cytology, and HPV testing. It also provides a discussion of the newest United States 2012 guidelines for cervical cancer screening, which changed the age to begin and end screening and lengthened the screening intervals.

关键词： Cervical cancer Cancer screening Pap smear Human papillomavirus Papillomavirus vaccines

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施罗德传

Polyethylene glycol 3350 in occasional constipation: A one-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

丛书名：国际政界名人译丛

2000年

作者：（德）安斯嘎·格瑙（Ansgar graw）赵强译

本书作者搜集了大量相关资料，把有影响的媒体和个人对施罗德的评价一一指出，让人们能够全面了解这位德国政坛的风云人物。

ISBN: (数字)750114673X

ISBN: (纸本)750114673X

本书作者搜集了大量相关资料，把有影响的媒体和个人对施罗德的评价一一指出，让人们能够全面了解这位德国政坛的风云人物。

关键词：施罗德学科传记

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2016年第2期7卷 274-282页

作者： Thomas Mc graw Merck & Co. Inc.

AIM:to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol(PEG)3350 in subjects with self-reported occasional ***:Eligible subjects≥17 years of age were randomized to receive either placebo or PEG 335017 g once daily in this multicenter,double-blind *** were conducted before(baseline)and after a 7-d treatment *** primary efficacy variable was the proportion of subjects reporting complete resolution of straining and hard or lumpy *** efficacy variables assessed the severity of the subjects’daily bowel movement(BM)symptoms,and preference of laxatives based on diary entries,visual analog scale scores,and ***:Of the 203 subjects enrolled in the study,11had major protocol *** resolution was noted by 36/98(36.7%)subjects in the PEG 3350 group and 23/94(24.5%)in the placebo group(P=0.0595).The number of complete BMs without straining or lumpy stools was similar between both *** receiving PEG 3350 experienced significant relief in straining and reduction in hardness of stools over a7-d period(P<0.0001).Subjects reported that PEG3350 had a better effect on their daily lives,provided better control over a BM,better relief from constipation,cramping,and bloating,and was their preferred *** events(AEs)were balanced between the PEG3350 and the placebo *** deaths,serious AEs,or discontinuations due to AEs were *** trial is registered at *** as ***:Oral administration of 17 g PEG3350 once daily for a week is effective,safe,and well tolerated in subjects with occasional constipation.

关键词： Polyethylene glycol 3350 Laxative Straining Bowel movements Occasional constipation

印度家族中先天性白内障的突变分析:SNPs和CRYBB2基因中新的致病性等位基因的鉴定

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 35-36页

作者： Santhiya S.T. Manisastry S.M. Rawlley D. J. graw 齐翔云 GSF-Natl. Res. Ctr. Environ./Hlth. Institute of Developmental Genetics Ingolstüadter Landstr. 1 D-85764 Neuherberg Germany

PURPOSE. To study some functional candidate genes in cataract families of Indi an descent. METHODS. Nine Indian families, clinically documented to have congeni tal/childhood cataracts, were screened for mutations in candidate genes such as CRYG (A→D), CRYBB2, and GJA8 by PCR analyses and sequencing. Genomic DNA sample s of either probands or any representative affected member of each family were P CR amplified and sequenced commercially. Documentation of single nucleotide poly morphisms (SNPs) and candidate mutations was done through BLAST SEARCH(http://ww ***/ blast/Blast.- cgi?). RESULTS. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in CRYG, CRYBB2, and G JA8 genes were observed. Because they do not co-segregate with the phenotype, t hey were excluded as candidates for the cataract formation in these patients. However, a substitution (W151C in exon 6 of CRYBB2) was identi fied as the most likely causative mutation underlying the phenotype of central n uclear cataract in all affected members of family C176. Protein structural inter pretations demonstrated that no major structural alterations could be predicted and that even the hydrogen bonds to the neighboring Leu166 were unchanged. Surpr isingly, hydropathy analysis of the mutant βB2-crystallin featuring the amino acids at position 147 to 155, further increased the hydrophobicity, which might impair the solubility of the mutant protein. Finally, the Cys residue at positio n 151 might possibly be involved in intramolecular disulphide bridges with other cysteines during translation, possibly leading to dramatic structural changes. CONCLUSIONS. Exon 6 of CRYBB2 appears to be a critical region susceptible for mu tations leading to lens opacity.

关键词：先天性白内障 CRYBB2 突变分析 SNPs 致病性白内障形成先证者候选基因核性白内障晶状体混浊

新西兰威斯特兰变质水-大气降水混合带中的构造热液Au-Cu矿化

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华东地质学院学报 1990年第3期13卷 5-7页

作者： D.graw R.D.Johnstone M.S.Rattenbury 孙占学

新西兰南阿尔卑斯是一具有热异常的隆起山带,与阿尔卑斯断裂毗邻.该热异常导致了大气降水在地壳上部六公里内的活动。在六公里以下的深度,岩石被低水/岩比值的变质流体所饱和。变质流体与母岩石墨片岩相平衡,且还原性相当强。由这些流... 详细信息

新西兰南阿尔卑斯是一具有热异常的隆起山带,与阿尔卑斯断裂毗邻.该热异常导致了大气降水在地壳上部六公里内的活动。在六公里以下的深度,岩石被低水/岩比值的变质流体所饱和。变质流体与母岩石墨片岩相平衡,且还原性相当强。由这些流体形成的石英脉含有金属矿物:黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、金、白钨矿和毒砂。大气降水的入渗与混合,增加了流体的氧活度和减小了硫活度。往下入渗期间,氧化性的大气降水被加热,并且溶解铜。随着深度的增加,流体还原性增强,这些铜就被沉淀下来,导致热液系统中部铜含量的不断增加。

关键词：金矿铜矿热液蚀变

去除冰层对P波响应的影响来计算地壳和上地幔波速结构:以南极洲地震研究为例

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世界地震译丛 2018年第4期49卷 352-368页

作者： j.h.graw s.e.hansen c.a.langston b.a.young a.mostafanejad y.park 李翠平(译) 唐茂云(译) 张天中(校) 不详重庆市地震局中国地震局地球物理研究所

极地环境下进行标准的P波接收函数分析是非常困难的,因为厚厚的冰层里面的多次反射信号往往会掩盖来自深地下结构的P-S转换波,并增加背景噪声水平,显著降低数据的信噪比。本文提出了另外一种冰盖之下地下结构成像方法。我们利用P波响应... 详细信息

极地环境下进行标准的P波接收函数分析是非常困难的,因为厚厚的冰层里面的多次反射信号往往会掩盖来自深地下结构的P-S转换波,并增加背景噪声水平,显著降低数据的信噪比。本文提出了另外一种冰盖之下地下结构成像方法。我们利用P波响应向下延拓和波场分解来获取不受冰层影响的上行、下行P波和S波波场势函数。在某一参考深度波形分解得到的上行P波波场,可以用来计算冰层厚度。这个简单的步骤可以使迭代反演过程中不必模拟冰层效应,同时也可加快向下延拓所需的整体波速分析。上行S波通过标准反演方法模拟,即采用最小二乘法得到自由表面的接收函数。为了验证我们的设想,本文检验了南极洲数据网中的数据资料,同时也对比了之前通过P波和S波接收函数以及体波或面波层析成像分析的结果。该方法很好地去除了冰层的影响,同时建立了模拟地壳和上地幔结构的数据库。模型解给出了地壳厚度以及地壳和上地幔剪切波平均波速。电子补充测量数据图,反褶积采用的垂向分量叠加,以及产生的垂向。

关键词：上地幔结构冰层厚度地壳厚度波速结构南极洲 P波计算波场分解