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Decadal For.casts of Lar.e Ear.hquakes along the Nor.her. San Andr.as Fault System, Califor.ia: Incr.ased Activity on r.gional Cr.eping Faults Pr.or.to Major.and Gr.at Events

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 204-230页

作者： Lynn r. Sykes Lamont-Doher.y Ear.h Obser.ator. of Columbia Univer.ity Palisades New York USA

The thr.e lar.est ear.hquakes in nor.her. Califor.ia since 1849 wer. pr.ceded by incr.ased decadal activity for.moder.te-size shocks along sur.ounding near.y faults. Incr.ased seismicity, double-differ.nce pr.cise locations of ear.hquakes since 1968, geodetic data and fault offsets for.the 1906 gr.at shock ar. used to r.-examine the timing and locations of possible futur. lar.e ear.hquakes. The physical mechanisms of r.gional faults like the Calaver.s, Haywar. and Sar.ent, which exhibit cr.ep, differ.fr.m those of the nor.her. San Andr.as, which is cur.ently locked and is not cr.eping. Much decadal for.r.nning activity occur.ed on cr.eping faults. Moder.te-size ear.hquakes along those faults became mor. fr.quent as str.sses in the r.gion incr.ased in the latter.par. of the cycle of str.ss r.stor.tion for.major.and gr.at ear.hquakes along the San Andr.as. They may be useful for.decadal for.casts. Year.y to decadal for.casts, however. ar. based on only a few major.to gr.at events. Activity along closer.faults like that in the two year. pr.or.to the 1989 Loma Pr.eta shock needs to be examined for.possible year.y for.r.nning changes to lar.e plate boundar. ear.hquakes. Geodetic obser.ations ar. needed to focus on identifying cr.eping faults close to the San Andr.as. The distr.bution of moder.te-size ear.hquakes incr.ased significantly since 1990 along the Haywar. fault but not adjacent to the San Andr.as fault to the south of San Fr.ncisco compar.d to what took place in the decades pr.or.to the thr.e major.histor.c ear.hquakes in the r.gion. It is now clear.fr.m a r.-examination of the 1989 mainshock that the incr.ased level of moder.te-size shocks in the one to two pr.ceding decades occur.ed on near.y East Bay faults. Double-differ.nce locations of small ear.hquakes pr.vide str.ctur.l infor.ation about faults in the r.gion, especially their.depths. The nor.her. San Andr.as fault is divided into sever.l str.ngly coupled segments based on differ.nces in seismicity.

关键词： San Andr.as and Haywar. Faults Califor.ia Fault Cr.ep For.casts Double-Differ.nce r.locations

Outcome of meniscal r.pair. in paediatr.c population:A ter.iar. centr. exper.ence

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Wor.d Jour.al of Or.hopedics 2024年第6期15卷 547-553页

作者： Ayman Gabr.Samson williams Sophie Dodd Nick Bar.on-Hanson Depar.ment of Tr.uma&Or.hopaedics West Suffolk HospitalSuffolk IP332QZUnited Kingdom Depar.ment of Tr.uma and Or.hopaedics Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpool L145ABUnited Kingdom

BACKGr.UND Meniscal spar.ng sur.er. is a widely utilised tr.atment option for.unstable meniscal tear. with the aim of minimising the r.sk of pr.gr.ssion towar.s ***,ther. is limited data in the liter.tur. on meniscal r.pair.outcomes in skeletally immatur. *** To evaluate the r.-oper.tion r.te and functional outcomes of meniscal r.pair. in childr.n and *** We per.or.ed a r.tr.spective r.view of all patients who under.ent ar.hr.scopic meniscal r.pair.sur.er. between Januar. 2007 and Januar. *** patients wer. under.the age of 18 at the time of *** wer. all per.or.ed by a single *** was gather.d fr.m our.hospital Electr.nic Patient r.cor.s *** pr.mar. outcome measur. was r.-oper.tion r.te(need for.fur.her.sur.er. on the same meniscus).Secondar. outcome measur.s wer. sur.ical complications and patient r.por.ed outcome measur.s that wer. Inter.ational Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner.and Lysholm *** We identified 59 patients who under.ent 66 All-inside meniscal r.pair.(32 medial meniscus and 34 Later.l meniscus).Meniscal r.pair. wer. per.or.ed utilizing FasT-Fix(Smith and Nephew)*** wer. 37 males and 22 females with an aver.ge age of 14 year.(r.nge 6-16).The aver.ge follow-up time was 53 months(r.nge 26-140).Six patients had concomitant anter.or.cr.ciate ligament r.constr.ction sur.er. along with the meniscal *** wer. no r.quir.ng fur.her.meniscal r.pair. and 9 patients under.ent par.ial *** mean postoper.tive IKDC scor. was 88(44-100),Tegner.scor. was 7(2-10)and Lysholm scor. was 94(57-100).CONCLUSION Our.r.sults showed that ar.hr.scopic r.pair.of meniscal tear. in the paediatr.c population is an effective tr.atment option that has a low failur. r.te and good postoper.tive clinical with the advantage of pr.ser.ing meniscal tissues.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal r.pair Outcome Meniscal pr.ser.ation

Management of ear.y oesophageal cancer.An over.iew

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Sur.er. 2024年第5期16卷 1255-1258页

作者： Gavin G Calpin matthew G Davey Noel E Donlon Depar.ment of Sur.er. Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D2Ireland Depar.ment of Upper.Gastr.intestinal Sur.er. Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0Ireland

The incidence of esophageal cancer.namely the adenocar.inoma subtype,continues to incr.ase exponentially on an annual *** indolent natur. of the disease r.nder. a significant pr.por.ion inoper.ble at fir.t pr.sentation,however.with the incr.ased utilisation of endoscopy,many ear.y lesions ar. now being identified which ar. suitable for.endother.peutic *** ar.icle details the options available for.dealing with ear.y esophageal cancer.by endoscopic mean obviating the need for.sur.er. ther.by avoiding the potential mor.idity and mor.ality of such inter.ention.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Endother.py Endoscopic submucosal r.section Endoscopic mucosal r.section Endoscopy

Chemical-assisted MMP r.duction on methane-oil systems:Implications for.natur.l gas injection to enhanced oil r.cover.

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Petr.leum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobar.k matthew B.Myer. Colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petr.leum Engineer.ng WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industr.al r.sear.h Or.anization Cur.in Univer.ity Oil and Gas Innovation Centr. Management State Key Labor.tor. of Oil and Gas r.ser.oir.Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natur.l gas injection is widely consider.d as a pr.ctical and efficient enhanced oil r.cover. technique. However. the main challenge in this pr.cess is the high minimum miscibility pr.ssur.（MMP）between natur.l gas and cr.de oil, which limits its application and r.cover. factor. especially in hightemper.tur. r.ser.oir.. Ther.for., we pr.sent a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP r.duction on the oil r.cover. factor. Fir.tly, we measur.d the inter.acial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the pr.sence of chemical or.CO2to calculate the MMP r.duction at a constant temper.tur.（373K） using the vanishing inter.acial tension（VIT） method. After.ar.s, we per.or.ed thr.e cor.flooding exper.ments to quantify the effect of MMP r.duction on the oil r.cover. factor.under.differ.nt injection *** inter.acial tension measur.ments show that adding a small fr.ction（1.5 wt%） of the tested sur.actant（SOLOTEr.A ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP r.duction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP r.duction. Then, the cor.flooding r.sults highlight the significance of achieving miscibility dur.ng gas injection, as the ultimate r.cover. factor.incr.ased fr.m 65.5% under.immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixtur. after.achieving near.miscible condition. The r.sults demonstr.te the pr.mising potential of the MMP r.duction to significantly incr.ase the oil r.cover. factor.dur.ng gas injection. Fur.her.or., these r.sults will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the envir.nmental benefits of utilizing the pr.duced gas by r.-injection/r.cycling instead of flar.ng which contr.butes to r.ducing the gr.enhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Gas injection Enhanced oil r.cover. Miscibility Cor.flooding

Evaluation of Mechanical Pr.per.ies and Sur.ace Quality of Wood fr.m Bosnia and Her.egovina Exposed to Outdoor.Conditions

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Jour.al of r.newable Mater.als 2024年第8期12卷 1417-1431页

作者： Hasanagić r. Šljivo U. Fathi L. Gautam P. Bahmani M. Humar.M. Depar.ment of Wood Science and Technology Faculty of Technical Engineering University of Bihać Bihać 77000 Bosnia and Herzegovina Depar.ment of Wood and Fur.itur. Industr. Engineer.ng Faculty of Resources and Earth Science Shahrekord University Shahrekord 64165478 Iran Depar.ment of Botany Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Uttar Pradesh Varanasi 221005 India Biotechnical Faculty Department of Wood Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana 1501 Slovenia

This study investigated the mechanical pr.per.ies of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir.(Abies alba) wood fr.m Bosnia and Her.egovina under.outdoor.exposur.. Samples wer. exposed for.3-month exposur. to assess bending str.ngth, color.changes, and sur.ace quality. r.sults showed outdoor.exposur. negatively affected mechanical pr.per.ies, par.icular.y in samples with extended finger.joints, causing significant sur.ace cr.cks in uncoated sam-ples. Beech wood exhibited notable color.changes under.exposur., with appr.ximately 50% dar.ening without coating compar.d to 25% under.cover.d conditions. Coated samples displayed minimal color.changes, affir.ing the efficacy of sur.ace tr.atment. Fir.wood exhibited a r.ughness of 8.264 μm, while beechwood aver.ge r.ughness incr.ased fr.m 6.767 to 13.916 μm after.exposur., with micr.-por. development affecting water.per.or.mance. Micr.scopic analysis identified pr.valent fungal colonies, including Penicillium, Aur.obasidium, Scler.phoma, and Chaetomium, under.cor.ng their.r.le in or.anic matter.decomposition. This study highlights the impor.ance of wood exposur. and tr.atment selection for.var.ous applications. © 2024 The Author..

关键词： cr.cks Mechanical pr.per.ies outdoor.conditions wood species

Standar. Model Fer.ion Masses and Char.es fr.m Hologr.phic Analysis

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第6期15卷 796-803页

作者： T. r. Mongan Sausalito CA USA

The Standar. Model of par.icle physics involves twelve fundamental fer.ions, tr.ated as point par.icles, in four.char.e states. However. the Standar. Model does not explain why only thr.e fer.ions ar. in each char.e state or.account for.neutr.no mass. This hologr.phic analysis tr.ats char.ed Standar. Model fer.ions as spher.s with mass 0.187 g/cm2 times their.sur.ace ar.a, using the pr.por.ionality constant in the hologr.phic r.lation between mass of the obser.able univer.e and event hor.zon r.dius. The analysis r.quir.s thr.e Standar. Model fer.ions per.char.e state and r.lates up quar. and down quar. masses to electr.n mass. Hologr.phic analysis specifies electr.n mass, to six significant figur.s, in ter.s of fundamental constants α,ℏ,G,Λ and Ω Λ . Tr.ating neutr.nos as spher.s and equating electr.n neutr.no ener.y density with cosmic vacuum ener.y density pr.dicts neutr.no masses consistent with exper.ment.

关键词： Electr.n Mass Up Quar. Mass Down Quar. Mass Neutr.no Masses

Nucleotide Contr.bution to the Functioning of SEr., Na/K ATPase and GPCr.Pr.teins

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Jour.al of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 61-76页

作者： Wynfor. r.ber. williams Faculty of Life Sciences & Education University of South Wales Cardiff UK

Pur.ne nucleotides ar. cr.cial for.the effective oper.tion of cell membr.ne pr.teins maintaining the neur.tr.nsmitter.r.sponses of 5-HT. Major.pr.tein tar.ets in the tr.atment of depr.ssion include SEr., N/K ATPase and GPCr. Each pr.tein tar.et is r.sponsive to a specific complement of dr.gs: antidepr.ssants (SEr.), lithium and car.iogenic ster.ids (N/K ATPase), 5-HT r.ceptor.ligands (GPCr.. Computational softwar. is useful for.compar.ng molecular.similar.ty within ligand-ligand and ligand-nucleotide str.ctur.s. Pr.vious studies demonstr.te that GPCr.ligands of differ.nt phar.acologic classes display r.lative molecular.similar.ty to nucleotide str.ctur.s. The cur.ent study applies this methodology to compound str.ctur.s modulating SEr. and N/K ATPase r.ceptor.. Minimum ener.y confor.er. of SEr. antagonists demonstr.te r.lative molecular.similar.ty to the str.ctur.l template of GTP nucleotide. GTP template fits of 5-HT and psilocin ar. similar. wher.as a SEr.-like fit is one of sever.l for.the ketamine str.ctur.. Endogenous and phar.aceutical modulator. of Na/K ATPase r.late to adenine nucleotide. The fits of car.iogenic ster.ids to a cGMP template demonstr.te similar.ties and differ.nces between compounds. r.lative molecular.similar.ty within the str.ctur.s of hor.ones, dr.gs and nucleotides has implications for.neur.tr.nsmitter.tr.nspor. and cell signal tr.nsduction pr.cesses.

关键词： SEr. SSr. GPCr Sodium/Potassium ATPase Nucleotides Depr.ssion

Analysis of the combined effect of r.699 and r.5051 on angiotensinogen expr.ssion and hyper.ension

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Chr.nic Diseases and Tr.nslational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 102-117页

作者： Nicholas r.Powell Tyler.Shugg Jacob Leighty matthew Mar.in r.lf P.Kr.utz Michael T.Eadon Dongbing Lai Tao Lu Todd C.Skaar Division of Clinical Phar.acology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Depar.ment of Phar.acology and Toxicology School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Depar.ment of Car.iology School of MedicineKrannert Institute of CardiologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Nephr.logy Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Depar.ment of Medical and Molecular.Genetics School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Backgr.und Hyper.ension(HTN)involves genetic var.ability in the r.nin-angiotensin system and influences antihyper.ensive *** pr.viously r.por.ed that angiotensinogen(AGT)messenger.r.A(mr.A)is endogenously bound by mir.122-5p and r.699 A>G decr.ases r.por.er.mr.A in the micr.r.A functional-assay *** AGT pr.moter.var.ant r.5051 C>T is in linkage disequilibr.um(LD)with r.699 A>G and incr.ases AGT *** independent effect of these var.ants is under.tudied due to their.LD ther.for. we aimed to test the hypothesis that incr.ased AGT by r.5051 C>T counter.alances AGT decr.ased by r.699 A>G,and when these var.ants occur.independently,it tr.nslates to HTN-r.lated *** We used in silico,in vitr.,in vivo,and r.tr.spective models to test this *** In silico,r.699 A>G is pr.dicted to incr.ase mir.122-5p binding affinity by 3%.Mir.eCLIP r.sults show r.699 is 40–45 nucleotides fr.m the str.ngest micr.r.A-binding site in the AGT ***,r.699 A>G incr.ases AGT mr.A in an AGT-plasmid-cDNA HepG2 expr.ssion ***-Tissue Expr.ssion(GTEx)and UK Biobank analyses demonstr.te liver.AGT expr.ssion and HTN phenotypes ar. not differ.nt when r.699 A>G occur. independently fr.m r.5051 C>***,GTEx and the in vitr. exper.ments suggest r.699 A>G confer. cell-type-specific effects on AGT mr.A abundance,and suggest par.cr.ne r.nal r.nin-angiotensin-system per.ur.ations could mediate the r.699 A>G associations with *** We found that r.5051 C>T and r.699 A>G significantly associate with systolic blood pr.ssur. in Black par.icipants in the UK Biobank,demonstr.ting a four.old lar.er.effect than in White *** studies ar. war.anted to deter.ine if alter.d antihyper.ensive r.sponse in Black individuals might be due to r.5051 C>T or.r.699 A>*** like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of r.ce as a sur.ogate for.genotype.

关键词： angiotensinogen genetic and genomic medicine hyper.ension r.699

Life under.tension: the r.levance of for.e on biological polymer.

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Biophysics r.por.s 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： matthew T.J.Halma Longfu Xu Depar.ment of Physics and Astr.nomy and Laser.Lab Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam LUMICKS B.V.

Optical tweezer. have elucidated numer.us biological pr.cesses, par.icular.y by enabling the pr.cise manipulation and measur.ment of tension. One question concer.s the biological r.levance of these exper.ments and the gener.lizability of these exper.ments to wider.biological systems. Her., we categor.ze the applicability of the infor.ation gar.er.d fr.m optical tweezer. in two distinct categor.es: the dir.ct r.levance of tension in biological systems, and what exper.ments under.tension can tell us about biological systems, while these systems do not r.ach the same tension as the exper.ment, still, these ar.ificial exper.mental systems r.veal insights into the oper.tions of biological machines and life pr.cesses.

关键词： Tension Optical tweezer. Molecular.for.e