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A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang matthew Tsang Mark Knackstedt Michael Turner Shane Latham Euan Macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training Centre for M3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of Materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations Pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of *** understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining *** fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various *** reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat *** of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be *** this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT ***(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal *** new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,*** is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after ***-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN ***,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are *** heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requ

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

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Simultaneous detection of flare-associated kink oscillations and extreme-ultraviolet waves

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1592-1601页

作者： LI Dong HOU ZhenYong BAI XianYong LI Chuan FANG matthew ZHAO HaiSheng WANG JinCheng NING ZongJun Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210023China Yunnan Key Laboratory of the Solar Physics and Space Science Kunming650216China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of EducationNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Columbus Academy GahannaOhio43230USA Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650216China

Kink oscillations,which are frequently observed in coronal loops and prominences,are often accompanied by extreme-ultraviolet(EUV)***,much more needs to be explored regarding the causal relationships between kink oscillations and EUV *** this article,we report the simultaneous detection of kink oscillations and EUV waves that are both associated with an X2.1 flare on 2023 March 03(SOL2023-03-03T17:39).The kink oscillations,which are almost perpendicular to the axes of loop-like structures,are observed in three coronal loops and one *** short loop shows in-phase oscillation within the same period of 5.2 min at three *** oscillation could be triggered by the pushing of an expanding loop and interpreted as the standing kink *** lags are found between the kink oscillations of the short loop and two long loops,suggesting that the kink wave travels in different *** kink oscillations of one long loop and the prominence are possibly driven by the disturbance of the coronal mass ejection(CME),and that of another long loop might be attributed to the interaction of the EUV *** onset time of the kink oscillation of the short loop is nearly same as the beginning of an EUV *** fact demonstrates that they are almost *** EUV wave is most likely excited by the expanding loop structure and shows two *** leading component is a fast coronal wave,and the trailing one could be due to the stretching magnetic field lines.

关键词： coronal loops solar flares solar prominence solar oscillations extreme-ultraviolet wave magnetohydrodynamic

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Management of early oesophageal cancer:An overview

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1255-1258页

作者： Gavin G Calpin matthew G Davey Noel E Donlon Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D2Ireland Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0Ireland

The incidence of esophageal cancer,namely the adenocarcinoma subtype,continues to increase exponentially on an annual *** indolent nature of the disease renders a significant proportion inoperable at first presentation,however,with the increased utilisation of endoscopy,many early lesions are now being identified which are suitable for endotherapeutic *** article details the options available for dealing with early esophageal cancer by endoscopic mean obviating the need for surgery thereby avoiding the potential morbidity and mortality of such intervention.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Endotherapy Endoscopic submucosal resection Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopy

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Chemical-assisted MMP reduction on methane-oil systems:Implications for natural gas injection to enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobarak matthew B.Myers Colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petroleum Engineering WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre Management State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natural gas injection is widely considered as a practical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technique. However, the main challenge in this process is the high minimum miscibility pressure（MMP）between natural gas and crude oil, which limits its application and recovery factor, especially in hightemperature reservoirs. Therefore, we present a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor. Firstly, we measured the interfacial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the presence of chemical or CO2to calculate the MMP reduction at a constant temperature（373K） using the vanishing interfacial tension（VIT） method. Afterwards, we performed three coreflooding experiments to quantify the effect of MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor under different injection *** interfacial tension measurements show that adding a small fraction（1.5 wt%） of the tested surfactant（SOLOTERRA ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP reduction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP reduction. Then, the coreflooding results highlight the significance of achieving miscibility during gas injection, as the ultimate recovery factor increased from 65.5% under immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixture after achieving near miscible condition. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the MMP reduction to significantly increase the oil recovery factor during gas injection. Furthermore, these results will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the environmental benefits of utilizing the produced gas by re-injection/recycling instead of flaring which contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Gas injection Enhanced oil recovery Miscibility Coreflooding

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Life under tension: the relevance of force on biological polymers

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： matthew T.J.Halma Longfu Xu Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laser Lab Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam LUMICKS B.V.

Optical tweezers have elucidated numerous biological processes, particularly by enabling the precise manipulation and measurement of tension. One question concerns the biological relevance of these experiments and the generalizability of these experiments to wider biological systems. Here, we categorize the applicability of the information garnered from optical tweezers in two distinct categories: the direct relevance of tension in biological systems, and what experiments under tension can tell us about biological systems, while these systems do not reach the same tension as the experiment, still, these artificial experimental systems reveal insights into the operations of biological machines and life processes.

关键词： Tension Optical tweezers Molecular force

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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： matthew Nagy Bryan Sisk Albert Lai Eric Kodish Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOhioUSA

The impending rise of artificial intelligence(AI)-powered healthcare offers exciting hope for improved care and outcomes in children with serious illnesses.1 The historical precedent in healthcare,however,suggests that advancements in adult care do not necessarily result in proportional progress in *** disparity was first noted in the mid-20th century when tragedies that involved drugs with well-studied and known adult safety profiles,such as sulfonamide elixir and thalidomide,resulted in harm to children due to limited pediatric clinical trial inclusion.2 As a result,legislation in 1962 required drug companies to include package labels that restricted or dissuaded the use of medications in children that were not properly studied in this population.2 Subsequently,physicians became reluctant to prescribe many medications,and pharmaceutical companies had little incentive to enroll children in trials as an unfavorable result could negatively impact sales in the adult market,and a successful outcome would only marginally increase the market pool.3 This lack of access led *** Shirkey to describe children as"therapeutic orphans"in 1968.2 After more than half a century of legislation aimed at increasing pediatric representation in research and drug development(Figure 1),enrollment of children in clinical trials remains disproportionately low,4 with children included in as few as 12%of trials for diseases with a burden equal to,or greater in,the pediatric versus adult population.

关键词： companies Figure properly

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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq Nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler matthew J.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between January 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

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Integrated Stratigraphy and Mineralogy of the Doushantuo Formation in Weng’an,South China,and Implications for Ediacaran Phosphogenesis

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 476-503页

作者： Liangxuan Jiao Zhenbing She Dominic Papineau Yaguan Zhang matthew S.Dodd Kenan Cao Qun Chen Guoyong Chen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430047China London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17-19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK Department of Earth Sciences University College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK Centre for Planetary Science University College London and Birkbeck CollegeLondonWC1E 7HXUK Innovation Center of Ore Resources Exploration Technology in the Region of Bedrock Ministry of Natural Resources of People’s Republic of China’Guiyang550000China Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Guiyang550000China

The Ediacaran–Cambrian Phosphogenic Episode is the Earth’s first true phosphogenic event and resulted in worldwide phosphate deposits,which occurred during the processes of the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation(ca.635–551 Ma)of Weng’an area in central Guizhou,South China,contains two economic phosphorite beds(the Lower and Upper Phosphorite Beds).This paper presents a detailed stratigraphic,sedimentological and mineralogical study of multiple outcrop and drill core sections of the Doushantuo Formation across the Weng’an area,and identified 11 lithofacies and 4 types of phosphatic *** differences in lithofacies and grain types between the upper and lower phosphate deposits are observed,indicating that the two sets of phosphate deposits are the products of two distinct phosphogenic *** Lower Phosphorite Bed mainly consists of banded and laminated phosphorites,contains micro-oncoids formed by microbially-mediated precipitation and peloids formed by in-situ chemically oscillating reactions,indicating a biochemical and chemical enrichment of phosphorus to sediments during the Early Ediacaran *** Upper Phosphorite Bed is mainly composed of carbonaceous,massive,and stromatolitic phosphorites,contains bioclasts(phosphatized spheroidal fossils),and intraclasts formed by hydrodynamic agitation,suggesting that the major accesses of phosphorus to sediments were the remineralization of organic *** of the two economic phosphorite beds was controlled by two sea-level *** differences have also been documented in contemporaneous phosphate-bearing successions in Brazil and Mangolia,indicating a significant shift in global phosphogenic mechanism during the early and middle Ediacaran,which may be due to the changes in redox conditions in seawater,associated with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** regional active P-cycle processes could produce more free oxygen,which may have contributed to the up

关键词： phosphorite lithofacies phosphatic grains phosphogenic paragenesis phosphorus cycle mineralogy

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Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： matthew R.Coburn Charlie Young Chris Smith Graham Schultz Miguel Robayo Zheng-Tong Xie Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Plastron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK Renewable Energy Group University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of *** Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)*** outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy *** attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the *** a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES PM RANS unsteady flow exponential decay

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A review of complications after ureteral reconstruction

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 348-356页

作者： Jonathan Rosenfeld Devin Boehm Aidan Raikar Devyn Coskey matthew Lee Emily Ji Ziho Lee Department of Urology Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Urology Temple UniversityLewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA

Objective:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complications unique to ureteral reconstruction in adults,emphasizing their presentation,diagnosis,and management in the treatment of ureteral structure ***:This review involves an in-depth analysis of existing literature and case studies pertaining to ureteral reconstruction,with a focus on examining the range of complications that can arise *** attention is given to the presentation of each complication,the diagnostic process involved,and the subsequent management ***:Ureteral reconstruction can treat ureteral stricture disease with low morbidity;however,complications,although uncommon,can have severe *** most notable complications include urinary extravasation,stricture recurrence,urinary tract infections,compartment syndrome,symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux,and Boari flap *** complication presents unique diagnostic challenges and requires specific management ***:Ureteral reconstruction is a highly effective treatment for ureteral stricture *** a strong understanding of the potential complications that patients may experience following ureteral reconstruction is not only critical to adequately counsel patients but also facilitate prompt diagnosis and management of complications when they arise.

关键词： Ureteral reconstruction Postoperative complication Urinary extravasation Stricturerecurrence Urinary tract infection

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