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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.powley Hyowon Lee matthew p.ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAp)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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Stopover behavior of Red-eyed Vireos(Vireo olivaceus) during fall migration on the coast of the Yucatan peninsula

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 491-502页

作者： Richard Evan Feldman Antonio Celis-Murillo Jill L.Deppe Michael p.ward Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Unidad de Recursos NaturalesMeridaYucatánMexico prairie Research Institute Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinoisUSA U.S.Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science CenterPatuxent Research RefugeLaurelMDUSA National Audubon Society WashingtonDCUSA Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinoisUSA.

Background: For migrating birds, stopover requires spending time and energy that otherwise could be allocated to flying. Thus, birds optimally refuel their subsequent migratory flight by reducing stopover duration or foraging activ-ity in food-rich environments. In coastal habitats, birds may forego refueling and take short stopovers irrespective of local food availability. Given the paucity of studies exploring how migrants adjust stopover behavior in response to temporal variation in food availability, especially in the Neotropics, we fixed radio tags to 51 Red-eyed Vireos(Vireo olivaceous) over two years at two sites on the coast of Mexico's Yucatan ***: We applied VHF radio tags during the fall of 2016 and 2017, and tracked birds using automatic and manual receiving units. We estimated stopover duration and activity levels(one site only) for between six and fifteen birds,depending on site and year. We measured fruit availability weekly along the net lanes where we captured birds. We used a generalized linear model to estimate the relationships between stopover duration/activity level and fruit den-sity, bird body mass and year. We interpreted relationships for the model with the lowest AICc ***: We found that approximately half of the birds departed on the same day they were captured. For the birds that stayed longer, we could not discern whether they did so because they were light, or fruit density was high. On the other hand, lighter birds were more active than heavier birds but only in one of the two ***: Given our results, it is unlikely that Red-eyed Vireos refuel along the Yucatan coast. However, they still likely need to recuperate from crossing the Gulf of Mexico, which may necessitate foraging more often if in poor body condition. If the birds then move inland then stopover should be thought of as a large-scale phenomenon, where habitats with different functions may be spread out over a broad landscape.

关键词： Coastal dune Fruit Geographic barrier Gulf of Mexico phenology Stopover Time?minimization

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An investigation into intermittent electrification strategies and an analysis of resulting CO_(2) emissions using a high-fidelity train model

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 314-326页

作者： Bilal M.Abdurahman Tim Harrison Christopher p.ward William J.B.Midgley Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

A near-term strategy to reduce emissions from rail vehicles,as a path to full electrification for maximal decarbonisation,is to partially electrify a route,with the remainder of the route requiring an additional self-powered traction *** rail vehicles are usually powered by a diesel engine when not operating on electrified track and are referred to as bi-mode *** paper analyses the benefits of discontinuous electrification compared to continuous electrification using the CO_(2)estimates from a validated high-fidelity bi-mode(diesel-electric)rail vehicle *** analysis shows that 50%discontinuous electrification provides a maximum of 54%reduction in operational CO_(2)emissions when compared to the same length of continuously electrified *** highest emissions savings occurred when leaving train stations where vehicles must accelerate quickly to line *** results were used to develop a linear regression model for fast estimation of CO_(2)emissions from diesel running and electrification *** model was able to estimate the CO_(2)emissions from a route to within 10%of that given by the high-fidelity ***,additional considerations such as cost and the embodied CO_(2)in electrification infrastructure were analysed to provide a comparison between continuous and discontinuous *** electrification can cost up to 56%less per reduction in lifetime emissions than continuous electrification and can save up to 2.3 times more lifetime CO_(2)per distance electrified.

关键词： Railway electrification CO_(2)reduction Discontinuous electrification Bi-mode rail vehicle

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Effect of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 95-104页

作者： Skyla Stifter Jessie McCaffrey Tyler Nichols Ayse Ozcan Edeer Justine ward physical Therapy Dominican University New YorkOrangeburgNY 10962United States

BACKGROUND pain in the back or pelvis or fear of back pain may affect the timing or cocontraction of the core *** both static and dynamic movements,the Sahrmann core stability test provides an assessment of core muscle activation and a person's ability to stabilize the lumbopelvic *** cues and images can be used to increase the activation of these *** attain optimal movement patterns,it will be necessary to determine what cueing will give the most effective results for core *** To investigate the effects of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability *** Total 68 participants(21.83±3.47 years)were randomly allocated to an external(n=35)or internal cue group(n=33).participants performed the Sahrmann fivelevel core stability test without a cue as baseline and the five-level stability exercises with an internal or external *** cue group received a pressure biofeedback unit(pBU),and the internal cue group received an audio cue.A Delsys Trigno^(TM)surface electromyography unit was used for muscle activation from the rectus abdominis,external oblique,and transverse abdominis/internal oblique *** Linear mixed effects model analysis showed that cueing had a significant effect on core muscle activation(p=0.001);however,there was no significant difference between cue types(internal or external)(p=0.130).CONCLUSION Both external and internal cueing have significant effects on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test and the pBU does not create higher muscle activation than internal cueing.

关键词： External cue Internal cue Muscle activation Core muscles Lumbopelvic stability pressure biofeedback unit

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Challenges in the control of COVID-19 outbreaks caused by the delta variant during periods of low humidity:an observational study in Sydney,Australia

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2021年第6期10卷 38-47页

作者： Michael p.ward Yuanhua Liu Shuang Xiao Zhijie Zhang Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSWAustralia School of public Health Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of HIV/STD prevention and Control Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiChina

Background: Since the appearance of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing body of evidence has suggested that weather factors, particularly temperature and humidity, influence transmission. This relationship might differ for the recently emerged B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2. Here we use data from an outbreak in Sydney, Australia that commenced in winter and time-series analysis to investigate the association between reported cases and temperature and relative ***: Between 16 June and 10 September 2021, the peak of the outbreak, there were 31,662 locally-acquired cases reported in five local health districts of Sydney, Australia. The associations between daily 9:00 am and 3:00 pm temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and their difference, and a time series of reported daily cases were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized additive models and a 14-day exponential moving average. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the likelihood ratio statistic were used to compare different models and determine the best fitting model. A sensitivity analysis was performed by modifying the exponential moving ***: During the 87-day time-series, relative humidity ranged widely (peratures were mild (approximately 11-17℃). The best-fitting (AIC: 1,119.64) generalized additive model included 14-day exponential moving averages of 9:00 am temperature (p p p perature was high or low. The effect of lower relative humidity on increased cases was more pronounced below relative humidity of about 70%;below this threshold, not only were the effects of humidity pronounced but also the relationship between temperature and cases of the delta variant becomes ***

关键词： Meteorological factor Climate Humidity Temperature SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Australia

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Evaluation of a pointwise Local Visual pattern Exploration Method

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2012年第4期17卷 429-439页

作者： matthew O.ward Elke A.Rundensteiner Carolina Ruiz Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA 01609USA

Sensitivity analysis is a powerful method for discovering the significant factors that contribute to understanding the interaction between variables in multivariate datasets. A number of sensitivity analysis methods fall into the class of local analysis, in which the sensitivity is defined as the partial derivatives of a target variable with respect to a group of independent variables. In a recent paper, we presented a novel pointwise local pattern exploration system for visual sensitivity analysis. Using this system, analysts are able to explore local patterns and the sensitivity at individual data points, which reveals the relationships between a focal point and its neighbors this paper we present several evaluations of the system, including case studies with real datasets, user studies the effectiveness of the visualizations and interactions, and a detailed description of the experience of a user In on

关键词： knowledge discovery sensitivity analysis local pattern visualization evaluation

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Is iron overload in alcohol-related cirrhosis mediated by hepcidin?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5864-5866页

作者： Tariq Iqbal Azzam Diab Douglas G ward matthew J Brookes Chris Tselepis Jim Murray Elwyn Elias Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive Depart ment of Cancer Studies University of BirminghamVincent Drive Department of Hematology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive

In this case report we describe the relationship between ferritin levels and hepcidin in a patient with alcohol-related spur cell anemia who underwent liver *** demonstrate a reciprocal relation-ship between serum or urinary hepcidin and serum ferritin,which indicates that inadequate hepcidin production by the diseased liver is associated with elevated serum *** ferritin level falls with increasing hepcidin production after *** inflammatory indices(IL6)nor erythropoietin appear to be related to hepcidin expression in this *** suggest that inappropriately low hepcidin production by the cirrhotic liver may contribute substantially to elevated tissue iron stores in cirrhosis and speculate that hepcidin replacement in these patients may be of therapeutic benefi t in the future.

关键词： Alcohol Iron Anaemia Hepcidin Cirrhosis

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Use of tree species by three species of Magicicada(Hemiptera:Cicadidae)in an Appalachian forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 2051-2063页

作者： Cindy perkovich David ward Department of Biology and Toxicology Ashland UniversityAshlandOH 44805USA Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA

periodical cicadas(Magicicada spp.)are endemic to deciduous forests in the eastern United *** successional forests,they must partition resources such as host trees to *** measured tree size,emergence holes,oviposition scar bundles,and chorusing center abundances of Magicicada species on 12 common tree species in a deciduous forest to understand host-tree *** predicted that the abundance of periodical cicadas and use of specific host-tree species would change depending on the Magicicada species and tree life *** considered the size of the tree(diameter at breast height)as a covariate to control for tree size and collected eggs for a greenhouse experiment to assess whether nymphs prefer to feed on Quercus rubra or Acer *** emergence holes were found below Quercus species than any other tree *** abundance of periodical cicadas on host trees used for chorusing centers varied depending on the Magicicada species,but were most abundant on Quercus *** scar bundles were also more frequent on *** nymphs were found on Quercus than Acer in the nymph preference *** periodical cicadas used Quercus hosts more than other tree species,their abundances on different host tree sizes and species differed *** cicada species may use specific host species and life stages as a way to partition resources and minimize competition among the Magicicada species during emergence years.

关键词： Ecological succession Habitat partitioning periodical cicadas Successional forests

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How should immunomodulators be optimized when used as combination therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in the management of inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11331-11342页

作者： Mark G ward peter M Irving Miles p Sparrow Department of Gastroenterology The Alfred Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

In the last 15 years the management of inflammatory bowel disease has evolved greatly,largely through the increased use of immunomodulators and,especially,anti-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF) biologic agents. Within this time period,confidence in the use of anti-TNFs has increased,whilst,especially in recent years,the efficacy and safety of thiopurines has been questioned. Yet despite recent concerns regarding the risk: benefit profile of thiopurines,combination therapy with an immunomodulator and an anti-TNF has emerged as the recommended treatment strategy for the majority of patients with moderate-severe disease,especially those who are recently diagnosed. Concurrently,therapeutic drug monitoring has emerged as a means of optimizing the dosage of both immunomodulators and antiTNFs. However the recommended therapeutic target levels for both drug classes were largely derived from studies of monotherapy with either agent,or studies underpowered to analyze outcomes in combination therapy patients. It has been assumed that these target levels are applicable to patients on combination therapy also,however there are few data to support this. Similarly,the timing and duration of treatment with immunomodulators when used in combination therapy remains unknown. Recent attention,including post hoc analyses of the pivotal registration trials,has focused on the optimization of anti-TNF agents,when used as either monotherapy or combination therapy. This review will instead focus on how best to optimize immunomodulators when used in combination therapy,including an evaluation of recent data addressing unanswered questions regarding the optimal timing,dosage and duration of immunomodulator therapy in combination therapy patients.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Thiopurines Drug monito

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Angling of hybrid sunfish from a hatchery pond with potential implications for community fisheries

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 91-95页

作者： Brian G.Blackwell matthew J.ward Todd M.Kaufman South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks603 East 8th AvenueWebsterSD57274USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks44437139A StreetWaubaySD57273USA

Hatcheries are frequently called upon to produce catchable-sized fish for stocking community fishing *** attributes of fish selected for stocking into community ponds are that they are easy to produce in a hatchery system to sizes anglers are interested in catching and they provide anglers with high catch rates once *** sunfish[male Bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus)×female Green Sunfish(***)]have attributes that potentially make them attractive for use in community fishing *** assessed initial angler catch rates of 100 stocked hybrid sunfish in a 0.12-ha hatchery pond and after being subjected to angling(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).We also investigated whether catch rates would change following a supplemental stocking of an additional 100 hybrid sunfish(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).The anal fin of each fish in the second stocking was hole punched to differentiate them from those of the first stocking and fish caught by anglers were hole punched in the caudal fin each time they were caught before being released back into the *** catch rates were highest during initial fishing events that followed stocking(9.2 fish/angler hr and 18.0 fish/angler hr)and substantially declined in subsequent events(≤3.4 fish/angler hr).Catches of the newly stocked fish and previously stocked fish contributed to the high catch following the supplemental ***(80%)of the fish were caught in the first 30 min of each event and 45%were caught during the first 10 *** were able to catch 88%of the fish from the first stocking and 67%from the second stocking at least *** mortality occurred during the study as all fish were recovered when the pond was *** results suggest that hybrid sunfish will potentially provide high initial catch rates following stocking into community ponds,but managers should expect reduced catch rates following initial fishing even without h

关键词： Hybrid sunfish Angling Community fishing ponds

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