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Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISWAS Richard j.HECK Adam W.gillespie Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

Trauma Patient Unplanned Hospital Re-Admissions

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Surgical Science 2012年第8期3卷 381-388页

作者： Thomas j. Esposito Evelyn Clark-Kula Melissa Crowe Linda Galambos Loubna Salameh j.nice gillespie Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA

Introduction: Performance monitoring and performance improvement (PI) are increasingly important. Little is known regarding unplanned re-admission (UPR) in trauma patients. This study characterizes UPRs at one institution. Methods: Retrospective descriptive review of UPR to a Level I Trauma Center Information was obtained on: initial trauma diagnoses, diagnosis precipitating UPR, discharge interval, treatment rendered and length of stay (LOS) during both encounters, and PI committee j.dgments. Characteristics of UPR patients were determined and compared to those of all discharged patients. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Over 2.5 years there were 2827 discharges and 58 UPR(2%). The maj.rity of original diagnoses were related to blunt trauma and head inj.ries. UPR occurred at a median of 3 days, with 54% re-admitted to the trauma service. Operative rate for UPR patients during the initial admission was 48% with 28%requiring operation on the UPR. Headache and wound issues were responsible for 42% of UPR. Diagnosis precipitating UPR was primarily related to post-operative complications in 26% of all UPR and 57% of those undergoing operation on the initial admission. Median LOS for UPR was 3days with ICU care being required by 13%. Of all UPRs,33% were attributable to opportunities for improved care (OFI) during the first admission. Identified OFIs were related to errors in technique (53%), errors in j.dgment (27%), and system issues (20%). Of UPR without OFI, 87% were related to disease and13% systems issues. Conclusion: UPR at a Level I trauma center is rare, occurs shortly after discharge, is brief in duration and usually related to postoperative wound issues or headache. Post operative patients seem at greater risk for UPR. While most UPR are considered non-preventable, attention to discharge instructions,patient education, resident education and supervisionand outpatient support, may obviate a number of preventable UPRs.

关键词： Trauma Patients Unplanned Hospital Readmissions Preventable Complications Performance Improvement

Thermo-tectonic history of the j.nggar Alatau within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(SE Kazakhstan,NW China):Insights from integrated apatite U/Pb,fission track and(U-Th)/He thermochronology

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2153-2166页

作者： S.Glorie A.Otasevic j.gillespie G.j.pson M.Danisik F.I.Zhimulev D.Gurevich Z.Zhang D.Song W.Xiao Department of Earth Sciences School of Physical SciencesThe University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Geosciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA j.hn de Laeter Centre TIGeRCurtin UniversityWA 6846Australia Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Cransh of the Russian Academy of Sciences2 Pirogova St.Novosibirsk 630090Russia SRK Exploration MoscowRussia State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Xinj.ang Research Centre for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

The j.nggar Alatau forms the northern extent of the Tian Shan within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)at the border of SE Kazakhstan and NW *** study presents the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic post-collisional thermo-tectonic history of this frontier locality using an integrated approach based on three apatite geo-/thermochronometers:apatite U-Pb,fission track and(U-Th)/*** apatite U-Pb dates record Carboniferous-Permian post-magmatic cooling ages for the sampled granitoids,reflecting the progressive closure of the Palaeo-Asian *** apatite fission track(AFT)data record(partial)preservation of the late Palaeozoic cooling ages,supplemented by limited evidence for Late Triassic(~230-210 Ma)cooling and a more prominent record of(late)Early Cretaceous(~150-110 Ma)*** apatite(U-Th)/He age results are consistent with the(late)Early Cretaceous AFT data,revealing a period of fast cooling at that time in resulting thermal history *** Cretaceous rapid cooling signal is only observed for samples taken along the maj.r NW-SE orientated shear zone that dissects the study area(the Central Kazakhstan Fault Zone),while Permian and Triassic cooling signals are preserved in low-relief areas,distal to this *** distinct geographical trend with respect to the shear zone,suggests that fault reactivation triggered the Cretaceous rapid cooling,which can be linked to a phase of slab-rollback and associated extension in the distant Tethys *** conclusions were drawn for thermochronology studies along other maj.r NW-SE orientated shear zones in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,suggesting a regional phase of Cretaceous exhumation in response to fault reactivation at that time.

关键词： j.nggar Central Asian Orogenic Belt Thermochronology Exhumation Fault reactivation Tethys

Simulating FAS-induced apoptosis by using P systems

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第4期17卷 424-431页

作者： Smitha Cheruku Andrei Pǎun Francisco j. Romero-Campero Mario j. Pérez-j.ménez Oscar H. Ibarra Department of Computer Science/IfM Louisiana Tech UniversityP.O. Box 10348RustonLA 71272USA Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of SevilleAvda. Reina Mercedes s/n 41012SevillaSpain Department of Computer Science University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

In contrast to differential equations, P systems are an unconventional model of computation which takes into consideration the discrete character of the quantity of components and the inherent randomness that exists in biological phenomena. The key feature of P systems is their compartmentalised structure which represents the heterogeneity of the structural organisation of the cells, and where one can take into account the role played by membranes in the functioning of the system, for example signalling at the cell surface, selective uptake of substances from the media, diffusion across different compartments, etc. We show here that P systems can be a reliable tool for Systems Biology and could even outperform in some cases the current simulation techniques based on differential equations. We will also use a strategy based on the well known gillespie algorithm but running on more than one compartment called Multi-compartmental gillespie Algorithm.

关键词： FAS-induced apoptosis P systems deterministic waiting times algorithm multi-compartmental gillespie algorithm.

Experimental Intramammary Infection with a Strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i>Isolated from a Cow with Persistent <i>E. coli</i>Mastitis

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Open j.urnal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第4期2卷 186-190页

作者： Stephen P. Oliver Susan I. Headrick Mark j. Lewis Barbara E. gillespie David L. j.hnson Raul A. Almeida Department of Animal Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville USA East Tennessee Research and Education Center Little River Animal and Environmental Unit The University of Tennessee Knoxville USA Middle Tennessee Research & Education Center The University of Tennessee Spring Hill USA

Transient E. coli intramammary infections (IMI) are usually associated with rapid onset of clinical signs including mammary gland swelling and abnormal milk with rapid clearance of bacteria from milk. Conversely, reports have described strains of E. coli showing very different clinical trends. Persistent E. coli IMI are associated with mild clinical symptoms that disappear shortly after the onset of infection, possibly flaring-up intermittently during lactation. In the present study, we evaluated a strain of E. coli isolated from a cow with persistent mastitis to determine if the experimental infection model mimics naturally occurring persistent E. coli IMI. Uninfected mammary quarters of 7 Holstein heifers were infused within 10 days of calving with 50 colony-forming units of a persistent E. coli strain. Six of 7 heifers developed mild clinical mastitis with elevated rectal temperatures within 9 to 36 h after infusion. The challenge strain was isolated intermittently in milk from all infected mammary quarters during the first two weeks after infusion and 3 animals continued to shed E. coli periodically during the sampling period. One animal shed E. coli intermittently in milk for 172 d after challenge and developed clinical mastitis four times during this period. The isolated strain had an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile as the E. coli strain used to infuse mammary glands. The experimental IMI model described here mimics very closely naturally occurring persistent E. coli IMI, thus providing an excellent in vivo model to better understand pathogenesis and to facilitate development of control strategies for this important mastitis pathogen.

关键词： Escherichia coli Intramammary Experimental Infection Persistent Mastitis Dairy Cows

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胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤的临床特点及治疗

世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第3期2卷 54-55页

作者： Hassadia A. gillespie A. Tidy j. B. Hancock 李奎 YCR Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology University of Shef-fieldWeston Park Hospital Whitham Road Sheffield S10 2SJ United Kingdom

Obj.ctive. To describe the clinical features, treatment and outcome of all consecutive patients with placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) treated at the Sheffield Trophoblast Centre and to compare these findings to other reports. Method. All cases of PSTT on the Sheffield Trophoblastic Tumour Centre database from 1984 to 2004 were reviewed. Data obtained included age at diagnosis, antecedent pregnancy (AP), interval from antecedent pregnancy until diagnosis, presenting features, presenting serum human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG) level, number and sites of metastases, treatment received, outcome and follow-up. Results. Seventeen patients with PSTT were identified from the database which incorporates a total of 7489 cases of trophoblastic disease. Fourteen (70.6%) were more than 30 years old at presentation; 5 were over 40. The median interval from pregnancy to diagnosis was 18 months (range 6 months to 22 years). The outcome of antecedent pregnancy was a female in 11 out of the 13 patients where the sex was known. Eleven (70.6%) of patients presented with irregular vaginal bleeding, with or without a preceding period of amenorrhoea. All 8 patients with non-metastatic (Stage I) disease were alive and well after hysterectomy(6), chemotherapy alone (1) or hysterectomy and chemotherapy (1)whereas only 4 of 9 patients with metastatic (Stage III/IV) disease were alive and well after treatment with chemotherapy and hysterectomy. Conclusion. PSTT is rare and accounts for 0.23%cases of gestational trophoblastic disease referred to this centre. It has a variety of presenting features and its course is unpredictable. Metastatic involvement and antecedent pregnancy interval greater than 4 years are poor prognostic factors. Hysterectomy is the primary mode of treatment in the maj.rity of cases. However, chemotherapy can still play a maj.r role when curative surgery is not feasible.

关键词：滋养细胞随访情况子宫切除术滋养层细胞中心数据库病程经过联合化疗根治性手术设菲尔德不

OSA treatment history in an upper airway stimulation trial cohort

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World j.urnal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第2期3卷 79-84页

作者： Ryan j.Soose Tapan A.Padhya M.Boyd gillespie Oleg Froymovich Ho-sheng Lin B.Tucker Woodson University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa FL USA Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA Paparella Ear Head Et Neck Institute USA Wayne State University Detroit MI USA Medical College Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA

Obj.ctives:Analyze the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment history in a group of participants who enrolled in a hypoglossal nerve stimulation trial Methods:Moderate-severe OSA patients with difficulty adhering to CPAP presented for enrollment in a multicenter ***-reported history on prior OSA medical therapy was collected at enrollment,including OSA diagnosis date,CPAP start and stop dates,oral appliance trial,and reasons for discontinuation or ***:The cohort consisted of 929 participants,83％ male,with a mean age (53.9 ± 10.5) *** percent (n =835) had complete CPAP information including 47％ (n =435) who discontinued therapy prior to enrollment and 43％ (n =400) who were still attempting CPAP but had inadequate *** rates were 60％ at 1-year,73％ at 3-years,and 86％ at *** appliance therapy was attempted by 171 patients for mean (1.8 ± 2.3) years,with 81％ abandonment at 1 year,89％ at 3-years,and 94％ at ***:In this CPAP-refractory cohort,high rates of CPAP abandonment were reported in the first several years with approximately half of the participants not receiving any treatment despite being diagnosed for ＞5 *** clinical follow-up and consideration of alternative treatment options is indicated in all OSA patients in order to ensure adequate longitudinal care.

关键词： Upper airway stimulation Hypoglossal nerve stimulation STAR trial Obstructive sleep apnea CPAP failure

Application of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in patients treated with upper airway stimulation therapy

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World j.urnal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第2期3卷 92-96页

作者： Adrian A.Ong Christopher M.Ayers Eric j.Kezirian B.Tucker Woodson Nico de Vries Shaun A.Nguyen M.Boyd gillespie Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston SC USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Keck School of Medicine of USC Los AngelesCA USA Department of Otolaryngology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Saint Lucas Andreas HospitalAmsterdam The Netherlands Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp Edegem Belgium Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee-Memphis USA

Obj.ctive:To determine the level of agreement among experienced operators of candidacy for upper airway stimulation (UAS) based on evaluation of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).Methods:The trial was designed as a single-blinded cross-sectional *** otolaryngologists with extensive DISE experience were given 63 video clips from the STAR trial video *** videos were graded using the VOTE *** agreement and Cohen's k (for inter-rater reliability) were calculated between pairs of reviewers,assessing palatal complete concentric collapse (CCC) and determining UAS *** were also grouped based on collapse severity for each ***:The reviewers had excellent (approximately 90％) agreement on findings at the level of the soft palate and tongue *** inter-rater reliability for palatal CCC ranged from mod erate to substantial The agreement on determining the criteria for UAS implantation ranged from poor to *** 4 upper airway structures as classified by the criteria of the VOTE were graded by all the reviewers as contributing to obstruction in a maj.rity of subj.cts who were performed via application of ***:Application of DISE remains a subj.ctive examination,even among those experienced operators,therefore more studies need to be performed for evaluation of improvement in inter-rater reliability after implantation of training videos.

关键词： Drug-induced sleep endoscopy Drug-induced sedation endoscopy Upper airway stimulation Sleep-disordered breathing Obstructive sleep apnea Inter-rater reliability

Localization of osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF）mRNA in skeletal and extrskeletal tissues.

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Localization of osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF）mRNA...