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Patulous eustachian tube (PeT), a practical overview

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第3期5卷 137-142页

作者： Manohar Bance James R.Tysome matthew e.smith Cambridge ear Institute Cambridge University Hospitals TrustCambridge UK University of Cambridge CambridgeUK

Symptoms of patulous eustachian tube(eT),particularly autophony,can overlap with other conditions,and can arise from a variety of *** review the pathophysiology of“speech hyper-resonance syndromes”,and possible mechanisms,including resonances in the tympanic membrane,eustachian tube and *** can be directed at the eardrum or the eT depending on site of *** review typical presentations,examination findings,and useful clinical tests to distinguish PeT from other disorders,and our philosophy of management.

关键词： Patulous eustachian tube Autophony Cartilage typmpanoplasty eustachian tube function testing Sonotubometry

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Advances in eustachian tube function testing

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第3期5卷 131-136页

作者： matthew e.smith Manohar L.Bance James R.Tysome Cambridge ear Institute University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of eNT Surgery Adden-brooke's HospitalCambridgeCB20QQUK.

Obstructive and patulous eustachian tube dysfunction provide a significant diagnostic and management *** development of new treatments such as balloon eustachian tuboplasty has generated renewed interest in measuring eustachian tube function,as a method of selecting appropriate patients for intervention,and measuring their treatment *** review summarises recent findings relating to eustachian tube function *** it is recognised that patient reported outcome measures based on symptoms are highly non-specific and non-diagnostic,and clinical assessment alone may not permit the selection of individuals with abnormal eustachian tube *** of eustachian tube opening therefore may represent a practical and objective addition to patient assessment in clinic,allowing the identification of individuals with abnormal(patulous or obstructive)eustachian tube function.A diagnostic pathway is described on this *** work is required to validate the described eustachian tube function tests,and there remain individuals,such as those with dysfunction limited to pressure challenges,in whom function tests have yet to fully characterise the disorder.

关键词： eustachian tube Function Test Accuracy Diagnosis

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阿氏腹菌:环柄菇属的又一个腹菌类演化支系—来自核糖体DNA序列的分子系统学证据

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阿氏腹菌:环柄菇属的又一个腹菌类演化支系—来自核糖体DNA序列的...

美国山核桃外生菌根真菌多样性及土壤因子对其真菌群落结构的影响

2012年中国菌物学会学术年会

作者：葛再伟 matthew e.smith Department of Plant Pathology 中国科学院昆明植物研究所生物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室

阿氏复腹菌属（Amogaster）是一个描述于美国加利福尼亚的单型属。阿氏腹菌（Amogaster viridiglebus）生于杨树林中地上,子实体小,包被受伤后变橙色至淡红色,此前被认为是一个牛肝目的外生菌根菌。通过对阿氏腹菌的等模式标本进行的形... 详细信息

阿氏复腹菌属（Amogaster）是一个描述于美国加利福尼亚的单型属。阿氏腹菌（Amogaster viridiglebus）生于杨树林中地上,子实体小,包被受伤后变橙色至淡红色,此前被认为是一个牛肝目的外生菌根菌。通过对阿氏腹菌的等模式标本进行的形态学和基于内转录间隔区（ITS）和核糖体大亚基（LSU）序列的分子系统学研究发现:阿氏腹菌与环柄菇属真菌有很近的亲缘关系,有必要将阿氏复腹菌转入环柄菇属Lepiota中。阿氏腹菌与新近描述的、腹菌类的隐形环柄菇属（Cyptolepiota）真菌在外部形态特征上较为相似,但是,隐形环柄菇属真菌与亮环柄菇近似种Lepiota ***、梭孢环柄菇Lepiota magnispora及细环柄菇Lepiota clypeolaria等具亲缘关系;而阿氏腹菌则与同样是环柄菇组中伞菌类的纤细环柄菇Lepiotasubgrocilis、红托环柄菇Lepiota ignivolvata及Lepiota maculans有亲缘关系,代表着环柄菇属真菌中的另一个腹菌类群演化支系。迄今所知的环柄菇属乃至蘑菇科真菌均为腐生型真菌,阿氏腹菌是环柄菇中的成员意味着该真菌很可能不是外生菌根菌。

关键词：蘑菇目真菌系统学分子系统发育环柄菇属腹菌

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美国山核桃外生菌根真菌多样性及土壤因子对其真菌群落结构的影响

中国菌物学会第七届全国会员代表大会暨2017年学术年会

作者：葛再伟 Timothy Brenneman Gregory Bonito matthew e.smith 中国科学院昆明植物研究所中国科学院东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室 Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University

美国山核桃是世界上重要的油料干果树种之一,具有较高的经济产出。利用焦磷酸测序技术,通过对美国山核桃主产区的佐治亚州和佛罗里达州25个样点的区域性取样,对美国山核桃的外生菌根多样性及土壤因子对其群落结构的影响进行了研究。发... 详细信息

美国山核桃是世界上重要的油料干果树种之一,具有较高的经济产出。利用焦磷酸测序技术,通过对美国山核桃主产区的佐治亚州和佛罗里达州25个样点的区域性取样,对美国山核桃的外生菌根多样性及土壤因子对其群落结构的影响进行了研究。发现至少14个外生菌根真菌支系中的96种外生菌根真菌可与美国山核桃形成共生关系,以Scleroderma sp.、Tomentella sp.、Inocybe radiata、Russula pectinatoides、Inocybe cf. calospora和Tuber lyonii为优势类群,其中近1/3的外生菌根真菌也与周边的胡桃科或壳斗科植物形成共生关系;美国山核桃的外生菌根真菌群落受土壤中的K、Ca、Mg、Mn、P、Zn等矿物质影响较大,但是受土壤有机质影响较小;p H浓度与/tuber-helvella、/galactinia、/pachyphloeus-amylascus以及/pisolithus-scleroderma等支系的物种多样性呈正相关关系,块菌发生的频度和相对丰度与土壤高p H呈显著的正相关关系。研究结果对美国山核桃幼苗培育及建立和管理块菌-美国山核桃种植体系具有重要参考价值。

关键词：美国山核桃块菌外生菌根真菌群落土壤pH 胡桃科

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油杉属植物外生菌根菌多样性初步研究

油杉属植物外生菌根菌多样性初步研究

Management of early oesophageal cancer:An overview

中国菌物学会第五届会员代表大会暨2011年学术年会

作者：葛再伟 matthew e.smith 张庆滢杨祝良中国科学院昆明植物研究所中国科学院生物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室美国杜克大学生物系美国佛罗里达大植物病理系云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所

油杉属（Keteleeria）植物是植物的活化石,本研宄以云南油杉（***）、铁坚油杉（***）及铁坚油杉黄枝变种（*** ***）根尖为研究材料,首次从形态学和分子生物学角度,证实了油杉属植物能与多种真菌形成外生菌根关系。基于内转录间隔区（... 详细信息

油杉属（Keteleeria）植物是植物的活化石,本研宄以云南油杉（***）、铁坚油杉（***）及铁坚油杉黄枝变种（*** ***）根尖为研究材料,首次从形态学和分子生物学角度,证实了油杉属植物能与多种真菌形成外生菌根关系。基于内转录间隔区（ITS）序列,发现有26种（运算分类单元）真菌能与云南油杉和铁坚油杉形成外生菌根关系。这些菌根菌隶属担子菌和子囊菌两个门,代表了6个真菌进化支系,包括红菇属（Russula）、乳菇属（Lactarius）、丝盖伞属（Inocybe）、蜡壳耳属（Sebacina）、革菌属（Tomentella/Thelephora）、长毛盘菌属（Trichophaea）以及空团菌属（Cenococcum）等7个属。研究结果对油杉属植物的保护、幼苗培育和种群恢复具有参考价值。

关键词：外生菌根菌云南油杉铁坚油杉黄枝油杉松科

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1255-1258页

作者： Gavin G Calpin matthew G Davey Noel e Donlon Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D2Ireland Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0Ireland

The incidence of esophageal cancer,namely the adenocarcinoma subtype,continues to increase exponentially on an annual *** indolent nature of the disease renders a significant proportion inoperable at first presentation,however,with the increased utilisation of endoscopy,many early lesions are now being identified which are suitable for endotherapeutic *** article details the options available for dealing with early esophageal cancer by endoscopic mean obviating the need for surgery thereby avoiding the potential morbidity and mortality of such intervention.

关键词： esophageal cancer endotherapy endoscopic submucosal resection endoscopic mucosal resection endoscopy

Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph e.Kaiser Shannon C.F.smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P e post-carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

Water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage relationships in middle-order agriculture and forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： matthew L.Skoog Michael A.eggleton Yushun Chen Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota Department of Natural Resources State Key Laboratory of Freshwater ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agriculture has greatly influenced water quality, habitats, and fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been understudied compared to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this study, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage composition were assessed seasonally(spring, summer, and fall) in eight representative MAP streams located across three U.S. states. The study design included four streams containing highly agricultural watersheds(herein termed “agriculture” streams) and four streams containing mostly forested watersheds(herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP *** In general, forest streams contained significantly better instream and riparian habitats than agriculture streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained significantly greater levels of primary nutrients(P erences between agriculture and forest streams with respect to other physical and chemical variables were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assemblages in agriculture and forest streams were structured primarily along an environmental gradient reflecting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chlorophyll-a production. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained many regionally common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained more tolerant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third of the fish specimens collected in forest streams classified as intolerant *** Our results suggested that stream water quality, habitat, and fish assemblages differed between agriculture and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages e

关键词： Agriculture Stream Land use Water quality Habitat Fish Multivariate statistics Mississippi Alluvial Plain

electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn e.Holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessica A.smith Florin Musat Derek R.Lovley Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical and Biological Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic *** microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer(electrobiocorrosion),but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic *** studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion,because,unlike pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H_(2) as an intermediary electron ***,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the electron donor,but only ***,***,and *** were capable of stainless steel *** electrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless *** of *** and *** demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during *** only was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion,but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metal-lireducens,an effective electron-donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe^(0).The finding that ***,***,and *** are capable of electrobiocorrosion,despite a lack of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel