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Giorgio Va.a.i a.d Ma.nerist a.chitecture： a.Ma.ria.e of Bea.ty a.d Function in Urba. Spa.es

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Journa. of Litera.ure a.d a.t Studies 2016年第10期6卷 1159-1180页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney SIELa. Universidad de Coruna Coruna Spain

The first pa.t of this essa. dea.s with Giorgio Va.a.i＇s conception of a.chitecture in sixteenth-century Ita.y, a.d the second pa.t exa.ines Va.a.i＇s pra.tica. a.plica.ion of one of his constructions, the loggia.（open ga.lery or a.ca.e） or corridoio （corridor）. The essa. a.so discusses the merits of Va.a.i＇s open ga.lery （loggia. a. a.verna.ula. a.chitectura. construct with ega.ita.ia. functions a.d Va.a.i＇s principles of a.chitecture （design, rule, order, a.d proportion） a.d bea.ty （delight a.d necessity） for the formula.ion of the theory of a.t in Ma.nerism, a.sixteenth-century style of a.t.

关键词： ma.nerism fine a.ts loggia.(open ga.lery) a.chitectura. principles theory of a.t design bea.ty necessity a.d functiona.ity

Giorgio Va.a.i’s Mercury: God of Ma.ic a.d Wisdom

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Cultura. a.d Religious Studies 2019年第10期7卷 511-549页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney Universida. de Coruna GaliciaSpain

In 1555,a.sisted by Cristofa.o Ghera.di,Il Doceno(1508-1556),Giorgio Va.a.i(1511-1574)designed a.d pa.nted a.mythologica. a.d cosmologica. theme in the Sa.a.degli Elementi,a. a.a.tment of Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574),Duke of Florence,a. the Pa.a.zo Vecchio in *** a.a.tment of the Elements is dedica.ed to the four elements(a.r,ea.th,fire,a.d wa.er),which in a.tiquity were considered to be the ba.is of the ma.eria. of the *** four elements a.e personified a. a.history pa.nting theme on the ceiling a.d the wa.ls of the ***,on the ceiling is the element of a.r,personified by severa. events:Its center depicts Sa.urn Mutila.ing Hea.en a.d surrounding this scene a.e The Cha.iots of the Sun a.d the Moon,the ima.es of Da. a.d Night,a.d the virtues of Pea.e,Fa.e,Justice,a.d *** the wa.ls of the cha.ber,there a.e personifica.ions of the elements of Ea.th(north),Fire(ea.t),a.d Wa.er(south).The frescoes on the left ha.d wa.l rela.e to the element of *** the center of the north wa.l,the first fruits of the Ea.th a.e offered to Sa.urn.1 On the a.ja.ent wa.l,ea.t wa.l,a.ove the firepla.e,a.e scenes rela.ing to the element of Fire:Vulca.’s Forge is depicted in the center of wa.l.2 On the a.ja.ent wa.l,south wa.l,the element of Wa.er is symbolized with The Birth of Venus.3 On the window wa.l,west wa.l,a.e two la.ge niches conta.ning simula.ed sculptures of Hermes-Mercury a.d *** two ima.es connect thema.ica.ly with the wa.l decora.ion of the elements a.d the pa.theon of the gods on the *** essa. will focus only on the ima.e of *** consists of two pa.ts:the stylistic impa.t of cla.sica. a.d Rena.ssa.ce sources of this a.tra. a.d pa.a. god in Va.a.i’s ima.ery,a.d the significa.ion of the personifica.ion of Mercury a.socia.ed a.d interconnected with Cosimo I de’Medici,Duke of Florence.

关键词： Hermes/Mercury Ha.es/Pluto mythology a.trology symbolism Pa.a.zo Vecchio Sa.a.degli Elementi cla.sica. a.d Rena.ssa.ce tra.itions ta.ot ca.ds Neopla.onism history pa.nting

Edwa.d Burne-Jones＇s The Pla.ets.＂ Musica. Spheres a.d Visions of a.Benevolent Cosmos

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Journa. of Litera.ure a.d a.t Studies 2017年第7期7卷 812-868页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney SIELa. Universidad de Corufia Corufia Spain

Edwa.d Burne-Jones （1833-1898）, a.pre-Ra.ha.lite pa.nter, wa. fa.cina.ed with a.tronomy, a. noted in his memoria.s a.d a.counts. In 1879, he executed ca.toon dra.ings for a.cycle on nine pla.ets for the a.tisa.s of the Willia. Morris Firm, who would tra.sform them into sta.ned-gla.s pa.els. The commission wa. for the decora.ion of Woodla.ds, the Victoria. ma.sion of Ba.on a.gus Holden （1833-1912）, a.ma.or of Bra.ford. Presently, seven of the ca.toons--The Moon （Luna., Ea.th （Terra., Sol （a.ollo）, Venus, Jupiter, Sa.urn, a.d Evening Sta.--a.e in the Torre a.bey Museum in Torqua., UK, while the ca.toon for Ma.s is pa.t of the collection of dra.ings a. the Birmingha. Museum a.d a.t Ga.lery, UK, a.d the ca.toon for Morning Sta. is loca.ed a. La.y Ma.ga.et Ha.l in Oxford, UK. In the crea.ion of the Pla.ets cycle, Burne-Jones wa. inspired by cultura. events of the time such a. British scientific a.tronomica. discoveries a.d British a.d Ita.ia. huma.istic sources in litera.ure a.d visua. a.ts portra.ing a.tronomy. This essa. a.t historica.ly a.d iconogra.hica.ly exa.ines the nine pla.ets a. celestia. a.d terrestria. forma.ions a.d a.tra. spheres of good omen. It is composed of three sections. The first section discusses the history of the a.tistic commission; the second a.a.yzes the stylistic a.d iconogra.hica. a.pects of the Pla.ets cycle; a.d the third section expla.ns some of Burne-Jones＇s cultura. sources for the Pla.ets cycle a. ma.ifesta.ions of sea.ona. tra.sforma.ions, hea.enly a.d terrestria. rea.ms, musica. spheres, a.d visions of a.benevolent cosmos.

关键词： British a.tronomy Ita.ia. a.trology celestia. cosmos pla.ets musica. spheres sea.ons Victoria.homes Edwa.d Bume-Jones

Giorgio Va.a.i＇s The Conception of Our La.y： a.Divine Fruit

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Cultura. a.d Religious Studies 2016年第2期4卷 87-114页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney Universita.ia.doMoro Bari Italy

The theme of the Conception of the Virgin Ma.y fa.cina.ed 16th-century Ma.nerist pa.nters, a. ma.ifested in Giorgio Va.a.i＇s ma.y dra.ings a.d pa.ntings a.d a.so the numerous replica. in dra.ings, pa.ntings, a.d engra.ings ma.e a.ter his pa.ntings by his contempora.y a.tists. This essa. focuses on Va.a.i＇s complex iconogra.hy of The Conception of Our La.y of 1540 a. SS. a.ostoli in Florence, Ita.y. In his documenta.ion of the pa.nting, Va.a.i never referred to or entitled the pa.nting a. a. a.legory of the Imma.ula.e Conception or Imma.ula.e Conception but coined it a. The Conception of Our La.y （Concezione di Nostra.Donna. a. it will be referred in this essa.. Va.a.i＇s complex iconogra.hy derived from the writings of the a.retine ca.on Giova.ni Polla.tra. The Virgin Ma.y is depicted a. a.victorious symbol of gra.e a.d sa.va.ion, triumphing over evil. Rejoicing a.gels surround her with scrolls conta.ning La.in inscriptions, QUOS EVE CULPa.Da.VIT/Ma.Ia. GRa.Ia. SOLVIT, ECCE a.NIU[S] a.d UNIUS ONNOSTa.. These joyful words a.lude to the restora.ion of the fa.e of a.a. a.d Eve a.ter ea.ing the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge in Pa.a.ise. a.sinuous serpent coils a.ound the fig tree, while tied-up Old Testa.ent a.d New Testa.ents wa.t for forgiveness a.d sa.va.ion. Three considera.ions a.e a.dressed in this essa.：（1） discussion of Va.a.i＇s recorded commissions; （2） stylistic observa.ions a.d influences; a.d （3） interpreta.ion of the ima.ery, tha. is, some observa.ions on the symbolism of the pa.nting.

关键词： Giorgio Va.a.i symbolism conception fig tree fir tree gra.e a.a. a.d Eve serpent Old Testa.entfigures a.d wisdom

Giova.ni a.tonio Ba.zi, a.legories of Love： Emblema.ic a.dor

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Cultura. a.d Religious Studies 2017年第5期5卷 277-313页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney SIEa.E University of Coruna Spain

Giova.ni a.tonio Ba.zi （1477-1549）, a.so known a. I1 Sodoma. wa. a.Mila.ese pa.nter who developed his ma.ure style in Siena.during the ea.ly Cinquecento. Between 1505 a.d 1510, under the tutela.e of the Chigi a.d Petrucci fa.ilies, Ba.zi depicted mythologica. pa.ntings focusing on the personifica.ions of love both terrestria. a.d celestia.. This pa.er looks a. two such works. In one, there ha.gs on a.syca.ore tree a.cla.sica. ca.tello with the La.in inscription Celestes, mea.ing celestia. or hea.enly, providing the title for the pa.nting a.ore Celeste （Celestia. Love, Figure 3）. a.woma., a. the personifica.ion of love, sta.ds in front of two a.ta.s. She ignites one urn with fire a.d a. the sa.e time pours wa.er over a.other burning fire. In the second work, a.tondo with the theme of Terrestria. Love a.d Celestia. Love, Ba.zi considered the mischievousness of Venus＇ children Eros a.d a.teros （Figure 12）. These pa.ntings a.e mythologica. a.d poetica. delights with complex symbolism, here a.a.yzed in terms of their iconogra.hy in rela.ion to cla.sica. influences a.d Rena.ssa.ce Neopla.onic love or furor divinus. The pa.a.oxica. quest of Rena.ssa.ce Neopla.onic love wa. to fuse pa.a. love with Christia. love. For the huma.ists of the time （Bembo, Colonna. Polizia.o, Ficino a.d Pico） this mora. dilemma.wa. a.philosophica. puzzle, but for a.tists （Botticelli, Nicoletto da.Modena. Pinturicchio a.d Ba.zi） the theme wa. a.pictoria. cha.lenge.

关键词： a.legories love iconogra.hy poetry Neopla.onism Sienese pa.rona.e Sodoma

Giorgio Va.a.i’s a.Bride with a.Ra.e:a.Mythologica. Pun

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Cultura. a.d Religious Studies 2024年第5期12卷 247-285页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney UMa.S Lowell LowellUSA

Giorgio Va.a.i’s educa.iona. ba.kground a.d a.socia.ion with Rena.ssa.ce huma.ists engendered his fa.ilia.ity with the texts a.d ima.ery of cla.sica.,emblema.ic,a.d mythogra.hic ***’s composition of ima.es a. a.compendium of iconogra.hy for a.decora.ive progra. wa. in the vein of the litera.y pra.tices of a.drea.a.cia.o(1482-1550),Pierio Va.eria.o(1477-1558),a.d Vincenzo Ca.ta.i(1531-1590),a.d followed Pa.lo Giovio’s a.vice on how to depict a. emblema.ic ima.e or impresa.(Giovio,1559,p.9).For Giovio(1483-1552),a. impresa.or ba.ge must conta.n a.figure a.d motto,its mea.ing should be clea. a.d precise,the ima.ery must be plea.a.t to look a.,a.d the motto must be brief,inventive,a.d *** sometimes Va.a.i did not follow his a.vice,relying more on the Rena.ssa.ce Neopla.onic notion of a.concept postula.ed by the Florentine philosopher Ma.silio Ficino(1433-1499).In De vita.coelitus compa.a.da.How Life Should Be a.ra.ged a.cording to the Hea.ens)2(Ficino,1489;1561-1563;1996,pp.7-19;Kerriga.&Bra.en,1989,pp.101-115).Ficino discusses the use a.d the ma.ic potency of ima.es by delibera.ing on the virtue of ima.ery,wha. power perta.ns to the figure in the Hea.ens a.d on Ea.th,which of the hea.enly configura.ions a.e impressed on ima.es by the a.cients,a.d how the ima.es a.e employed in a.tiquity3(Gombrich,1972,p.172;Cha.tel,1996,pp.81-89;Moore,1990,p.20,137,181;Bull,2006,pp.7-36).Va.a.i a.simila.ed these concepts visua.ly in the fresco pa.nting of the Bride with a.Ra.e(1548),loca.ed in one of the rooms in his house in a.ezzo,the Cha.ber of Fortune(Cha.ber of Virtue),where he composed a.pa.a.oxica. iconogra.hic ima.e-the subject of this *** essa. is composed of two pa.ts:a. introduction to the loca.ion of the pa.nting in the Ca.a.Va.a.i in a.ezzo a.d a. iconogra.hica. a.d iconologica. interpreta.ion of the ima.ery.

关键词： Rena.ssa.ce iconogra.hy Giorgio Va.a.i Ca.a.Va.a.i in a.ezzo ra.e emblems Ceres’s mythology

Giorgio Va.a.i’s Tondo for the Ma.onna.of the Rosa.y: a.gels With Roses, Emblems of Love

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Cultura. a.d Religious Studies 2023年第2期11卷 51-73页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney University of Ma.sa.husetts Lowell LowellUSA

In 1569,Giorgio Va.a.i(1511-1574)completed pa.nting a. a.ta.piece of the Ma.onna.of the Rosa.y a.d a.Tondo of a.gels dispersing *** commission wa. for the priva.e cha.el of the Ca.poni fa.ily in the church of Sa.ta.Ma.ia.Novella.in *** his Ricorda.ze(Book of Records),Va.a.i expla.ned the commission a. well a. documenting the a.sista.ce of his fa.orite Florentine pupil,Ja.opo Zucchi(1541-1590),in the completion of the *** essa. focusses on Va.a.i’s design,loca.ion,a.d mea.ing of the Tondo a.d its emblema.ic symbolism of love through the rose motif.

关键词： Giorgio Va.a.i Tondo Ma.onna.of the Rosa.y cross a.d rose symbolism Sa.ta.Ma.ia.Novella

Edwa.d Burne-Jones’s The Mirror of Venus: Physica. a.d Inta.gible Fema.e Bea.ty

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Journa. of Litera.ure a.d a.t Studies 2019年第1期9卷 96-122页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney Independent Schola.

The Pre-Ra.ha.lite pa.nter Edwa.d Burne-Jones(1833-1898)conceived the subject of The Mirror of Venus between 1865 a.d *** pa.nted two versions:a.sma.l version in goua.he a.d oil a.d a.la.ger version in oil on *** composing this subject Burne-Jones wa. inspired by the poetic a.d chroma.ic description of a.lyrica. sta.za.on“The Hill of Venus”in the long epic poem Ea.thly Pa.a.ise,written by his close friend a.d colla.ora.or Willia. Morris.1 This study comprises three pa.ts:Burne-Jones’s history of the pa.ntings,his iconogra.hica. sources,a.d a. iconologica. interpreta.ion of The Mirror of Venus.

关键词： Venus a.tronomy bea.ty love mirror pla.et sta. wa.er symbolism British poetry Neopla.onism a.sthetic Movement a.t Nouvea. Symbolists

Evelyn Pickering De Morga.’s a.ia.ne a. Na.os:a.Pa.a. Ma.tyr

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Journa. of Litera.ure a.d a.t Studies 2020年第4期10卷 339-371页

作者： Lia.a.De Girola.i cheney Independent Schola.

This short essa. focuses on just one of the mythologica. pa.ntings of Evelyn Pickering De Morga.,a.ia.ne a. Na.os of 1877 a. The De Morga. Founda.ion(Figure 1).1 It consists of a. iconogra.hica. a.d iconologica. a.a.ysis of the a.cient legend of a.ia.ne a.d Theseus,demonstra.ing Evelyn’s cla.sica. erudition a.d a.tistic ma.tery in visua.izing a.moment in the na.ra.ive,the desertion of a.ia.ne by Theseus on the bea.h a. Na.os.

关键词： cla.sica. mythology a.ia.ne The De Morga. Founda.ion Evelyn Pickering De Morga. Pre-Ra.ha.lites spiritua.ism symbolism of love la.rys sea.hells cross ba.l of threa. pa.ience pompeia. frescoes a.d Christia. ma.tyrs