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The influence of nanotopography on cell behaviour through interactions with the extracellular matrix-A review

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 145-159页

作者： Jiajun Luo matthew Walker Yinbo Xiao Hannah Donnelly matthew J.Dalby Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of GlasgowGlasgowG128LTUK

Nanotopography presents an effective physical approach for biomaterial cell manipulation mediated through material-extracellular matrix *** extracellular matrix that exists in the cellular microenvironment is crucial for guiding cell behaviours,such as determination of integrin ligation and interaction with growth *** interactions with the extracellular matrix regulate downstream mechanotransductive pathways,such as rearrangements in the cytoskeleton and activation of signal *** adsorption onto nanotopography strongly influences the conformation and distribution density of extracellular matrix and,therefore,subsequent cell *** this review,we first discuss the interactive mechanisms of protein physical adsorption on ***,we summarise advances in creating nanotopographical features to instruct desired cell ***,we focus on the cellular mechanotransductive pathways initiated by *** review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art designs of nanotopography aiming to provide better biomedical materials for the future.

关键词： Nanotopography Cell-material interaction Protein adsorption Biomaterials

Laser enhanced gettering of silicon substrates

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 23-31页

作者： Daniel CHEN matthew EDWARDS Stuart WENHAM Malcolm ABBOTT Brett HALLAM School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering University of New South Wales Kensington NSW 2052 Australia

One challenge to the use of lightly-doped, high efficiency emitters on multicrystalline silicon wafers is the poor gettering efficiency of the diffusion processes used to fabricate them. With the photovoltaic industry highly reliant on heavily doped phosphorus diffusions as a source of gettering, the transition to selective emitter structures would require new alternative methods of impurity extraction. In this paper, a novel laser based method for gettering is investigated for available silicon wafers used its impact on commercially in the manufacturing of solar cells. Direct comparisons between laser enhanced gettering （LasEG） and lightly-doped emitter diffusion gettering demonstrate a 45% absolute improvement in bulk minority carrier lifetime when using the laser process. Although grain boundaries can be effective gettering sites in multicrystalline wafers, laser processing can substantially improve the performance of both grain boundary sites and intra-grain regions. This improvement is correlated with a factor of 6 further decrease in interstitial iron concentra- tions. The removal of such impurities from multicrystalline wafers using the laser process can result in intra-grain enhancements in implied open-circuit voltage of up to 40 mV. In instances where specific dopant profiles are required for a diffusion on one surface of a solar cell, and the diffusion process does not enable effective gettering, LasEG may enable improved gettering during the diffusion process.

关键词： gettering multicystaline silicon impurities,laser doping

Safety Analysis of the Eco-Approach and Departure Application at a Signalized Corridor

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2018年第2期23卷 157-171页

作者： Weixia Li Guoyuan Wu Yi Zhang matthew J. Barth Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) University of California Riverside CA 92507 USA.

Various intelligent transportation systems and strategies for reducing vehicle fuel consumption and emissions have been developed. Energy and emissions could be reduced with the compromise of travel time in some environment-focused Connected Vehicle(CV) applications, which highlighted performance measures in terms of mobility and sustainability. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on safety assessment of such CV applications. In this study, a CV-based eco-driving application, namely, Eco-Approach and Departure(EAD), is selected as an example. A microscopic safety analysis tool, Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM), is utilized to assess the safety influence of EAD application in multiple scenarios. Further analysis is performed from two perspectives:(1) application users, i.e., EAD-equipped vehicles versus unequipped vehicles; and(2) traffic operators, i.e., overall traffic performance with and without the introduction of EAD. For each perspective, conflict statistics(e.g., frequency, time-to-collision distribution), overall and by type, are analyzed. Results indicate EAD is beneficial in improving the safety performance of equipped vehicles. The influence of EAD on overall traffic is scenario dependent, and a high penetration rate shows positive effects on network-wide safety benefits for most scenarios.

关键词： Eco-Approach and Departure(EAD) Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM) safety analysis conflict type Time-To-Collision(TTC)

Mitigation of atrazine,S-metolachlor,and diazinon using common emergent aquatic vegetation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 114-121页

作者： matthew T.Moore Martin A.Locke Robert Krǒger Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research ServiceNational Sedimentation LaboratoryOxfordMS 38655USA

By the year 2050, the population of the United States is expected to reach over 418 million, while the global population will reach 9.6 billion. To provide safe food and fiber, agriculture must balance pesticide usage against impacts on natural resources. Challenges arise when storms cause runoff to be transported to aquatic receiving systems. Vegetated systems such as drainage ditches and constructed wetlands have been proposed as management practices to alleviate pesticide runoff. Twelve experimental mesocosms （1.3 ±0.71 ± 0.61 m） were filled with sediment and planted with a monoculture of one of three wetland plant species （Typha latifolia, Leersia oryzoides, and Sparganium arnericanurn）. Three mesocosms remained unvegetated to serve as controls. All mesocosms were amended with 9.2 ± 0.8 μg/L, 12 ± 0.4 μg/L, and 3.1 ± 0.2 μg/L of atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon, respectively, over a 4 hr hydraulic retention time to simulate storm runoff. Following the 4 hr amendment, non-amended water was flushed through mesocosms for an additional 4 hr. Outflow water samples were taken hourly from pre-amendment through 8 hr, and again at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hr post-amendment. L. oryzoides and T. latifolia had mean atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon retentions from B1%-55% for the first 4 hr of the experiment. Aside from S. arnericanum and atrazine （25% retention）, unvegetated controls had the lowest pesticide retention （17%-28%） of all compared mesocosms. While native aquatic vegetation shows promise for mitigation of pesticide runoff, further studies increasing the hydraulic retention time for improved efficiency should be examined.

关键词： Phytoremediation Pesticide Mesocosm Wetland

On 2-Site Voronoi Diagrams Under Geometric Distance Functions

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2013年第2期28卷 267-277页

作者： Gill Barequet matthew Dickerson David Eppstein David Hodorkovsky Kira Vyatkina Department of Computer Science Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Middlebury College Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of California Department of Applied Mathematics Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Algorithmic Biology Laboratory St.Petersburg Academic University Russian Academy of Sciences

We revisit a new type of Voronoi diagram, in which distance is measured from a point to a pair of points. We consider a few more such distance functions, based on geometric primitives, namely, circles and triangles, and analyze the structure and complexity of the nearest- and furthest-neighbor 2-site Voronoi diagrams of a point set in the plane with respect to these distance functions. In addition, we bring to notice that 2-point site Voronoi diagrams can be alternatively interpreted as 1-site Voronoi diagrams of segments, and thus, our results also enhance the knowledge on the latter.

关键词： distance function lower envelope Davenport-Schinzel theory crossing-number lemma

Global health education in U.K. universities

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Global Health Journal 2021年第3期5卷 155-162页

作者： Adrienne Lee matthew Quinn Anaesthetic Department University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouthDevon PL68DHUnited Kingdom Universities Allied for Essential Medicines Akazienstrafie 3ABerlin 10823Germany Weston Education Center King’s College LondonLondon SE59RJUnited Kingdom Department of Ageing and Health Guy’s and St Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE19RTUnited Kingdom

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has led to a paradigm shift in global health,casting a previously niche academic discipline into a headline dominating field of ***,accurate information on the delivery of global health education(GHE)at a university level is *** study aims to assess current GIIE practices in ***,by identifying the availability of dedicated global health qualifications,as well as the breadth of inclusion of GHE topics across university course ***:Universities selected were the top 25 recipients of MRC funding in 2015-2016,as well as universities who were included in previous iterations of the“Global Health League Table”.We used the Consortium of Universities for Global Health“GHE Competencies Toolkit”to identify the presence of global health content across university global health and other course *** were additionally judged on opportunities available in global health and on the presence of sustainable ***:Our results showed that 20 universities(74%)offer a post-graduate global health related course,with 9(33%)offering an undergraduate global health related course.13(48%)were identified as centers of global health *** 12(44%)universities had registered sustainable partnerships with Tropical Health and Education *** London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine was identified as the top deliverer of GHE,with the Universities of Leicester and the Universities of Exeter joint *** were unable to standardize quality assessments in this iteration of the project,but the release of student feedback to future assessors would help to improve the reliability of this study ***,much of our data was based on information available online,and thus some aspects of degree courses not published publicly may not have been accounted for in our ***:Those institutions wishing to improve their delivery of G

关键词： Global health Postgraduate education U.K.

Combining two-photon lithography with laser ablation of sacrificial layers:A route to isolated 3D magnetic nanostructures

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1441-1447页

作者： Arjen van den Berg Mylène Caruel matthew Hunt Sam Ladak School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK Institut National des Sciences Appliquées(INSA)of Toulouse 35 Avenue de Rangueil31400 ToulouseFrance

Three-dimensional(3D)nanostructured functional materials are important systems allowing new means for intricate control of electromagnetic properties.A key problem is realising a 3D printing methodology on the nanoscale that can yield a range of functional *** this article,it is shown that two-photon lithography,when combined with laser ablation of sacrificial layers,can be used to realise such a vision and produce 3D functional nanomaterials of complex ***-of-principle is first shown by fabricating planar magnetic nanowires raised above the substrate that exhibit controlled domain wall injection and ***,3D artificial spin-ice(3DASI)structures are fabricated,whose complex switching can be probed using optical *** show that by careful analysis of the magneto-optical Kerr effect signal and by comparison with micromagnetic simulations,depth dependent switching information can be obtained from the 3DASI *** work paves the way for new materials,which exploit additional physics provided by non-trivial 3D geometries.

关键词： three-dimensional(3D)nanomagnetism 3D lithography 3D artificial spin ice sacrificial layers magneto-optical Kerr effect

Quantification and discovery of PCR inhibitors found in food matrices commonly associated with foodborne viruses

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第4期8卷 351-355页

作者： Cassandra Suther matthew D.Moore Department of Food Science University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003United States

Human norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness *** and quantification of norovirus commonly involves the use of reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR);however,the presence of inhibitory compounds in foods limit detection and accurate *** some studies have been done on PCR inhibitors from foods,many of them are over a decade old and do not investigate inhibition in contemporary one-step RT-qPCR-based detection *** purpose of this work was to quantify the degree of inhibition that occurs from inhibitory compounds found in produce(pectin)and mollusks(hemocyanin,glycogen)—foods commonly associated with norovirus ***-qPCR reactions containing different amounts of genomic bacteriophage MS2 RNA,a norovirus surrogate,were spiked with different concentrations of pectin(0.0625%–0.25%w/V),glycogen(1.25%–10%),and hemocyanin(0.0625%–0.25%).Past research has implicated glycogen as an inhibitory compound in oysters;however,even high levels of glycogen(10%)had no significant effect(P>0.05)on ***,both pectin and hemocyanin caused complete inhibition at 0.25%,with no significant inhibition observed at 0.0625%(P<0.05).Hemocyanin is abundant in the hemolymph of mollusks and previously untested as a PCR *** work demonstrates that pectin and hemocyanin should be considered when testing produce and mollusk samples with PCR-based methods.

关键词： PCR inhibition PCR false negatives Norovirus detection Hemocyanin Pectin

Microstructure-Property Relationship of High Strength Low Alloy Steels During Tensile Testing at High Strain Rates

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 869-873页

作者： Moss matthew Timokhina Ilana Hodgson Peter Institute for Technology Research and Innovation Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoria3217Australia

The influence of strain-rate on the room temperature mechanical properties of Dual-Phase and Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels was *** results showed that both plastic strain,and strength properties increased with increasing strain rates at high strain *** strain rates lower than approximateil 1s-1 the properties no longer have an advantageous proportionality to strain rate and remain strain rate *** explanations are offered for trends exhibited,in terms of thermal and athermal considerations,in relation to the respective microstructures of the two steels.

关键词： TRIP dual-phase steel high strain rate microstructure strain-rate sensitivity