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Apolipoprotein E knockout rabbit model of intracranial atherosclerotic disease

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2020年第2期3卷 208-213页

作者： matthew S.Zabriskie Chuanzhuo Wang Shuping Wang matthew D.Alexander Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Radiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Department of Neurosurgery University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease(ICAD) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. Poor understanding of the disease due to limited human data leads to imprecise treatment. Apolipoprotein E knockout(ApoE-KO) rabbits were compared to an existing model, the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic(WHHL) rabbit, and wild-type New Zealand white(NZW) rabbit controls. Intracranial artery samples were assessed on histopathology for the presence of ICAD. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses were performed to assess for disease presence and severity, respectively. Eighteen rabbits and 54 artery segments were analyzed. Univariate logistic analysis confirmed the presence of ICAD in model rabbits(P <.001), while no difference was found between WHHL and ApoE-KO rabbits(P =.178). In multivariate analysis, only classification as a model vs wild-type animal(P <.001) was associated with the presence of ICAD. Univariate ordinal regression analysis demonstrated an association between ICAD severity and model animals(P =.001), with no difference was noted between WHHL and ApoE-KO rabbits(P =.528). In multivariate ordinal regression analysis, only classification as a model retained significance(P <.001). ICAD can be reliably produced in ApoE-KO rabbits, developing the disease comparably to the older WHHL model. Further analysis is warranted to optimize accelerated development of ICAD in ApoE-KO rabbits to more efficiently study this disease.

关键词： animal model histopathology intracranial atherosclerosis ischemic stroke vessel biology

Improved hemostasis with major hepatic resection in the current surgical era

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 439-445页

作者： Christopher W Mangieri matthew A Strode Bradley C Bandera Department of Surgery Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center(DDEAMC)Fort GordonGA 30809USA Department of Surgical Oncology Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNY 14203USA

Background: Major hepatic resection, predominantly performed for oncologic intent, is a complex procedure with the potential for severe intraoperative hemorrhage. The current surgical era has the ability to improve hemostasis throughout the performance of major hepatic resections which decreases blood transfusions and the detrimental effects associated with transfusion. We evaluated hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era of performing hepatic resections. Methods: Utilizing the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database all major hepatic resections performed between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed in regards to hemostasis. Hemostasis was evaluated by the need for and magnitude of blood transfusions. Additional perioperative variables (including operative time, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates) were analyzed to assess for outcomes with hemostasis. The NSQIP results were compared to previous publications involving major hepatic resections to detect improvement in hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era. Results: A total of 22777 major hepatic resections met the inclusion criteria for analysis in the NSQIP database. An additional 21198 cases were compiled within the selected publications for comparative analysis. The transfusion rate in the current surgical era was 13.3% versus 38.7% in the previous era ( P = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required in the current surgical era there was a two-fold reduction in the number of units transfused (1.5 U vs. 3.8 U, P = 0.0001). Statistically significant improvements in operative time and length of hospital stay were presented within the current surgical era ( P = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required there was an increased relative risk score of 7 for mortality (4.9% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.0001), however, improvement in mortality rates did not reach statistical significance across surgical eras (1.3% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The cond

关键词： Major hepatic resection Improved hemostasis Improved outcomes

Salicaceae detoxification abilities in Florida tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio glaucus maynardi Gauthier）＂ Novel ability or Pleistocene holdover？

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 337-345页

作者： matthew S. Lehnert J. Mark Scriber McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida Department of Entomology Soils and Plant Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status （P. g. rnaynardi Gauthier）. We describe geographically unique abilities for detoxification of Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx. （Salicaceae）, for several Florida populations of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide species of the Papilionidae, such Salicaceae detoxification abilities exist only in the allopatric North American western and northernmost species （P. rutulus Lucas, R eurymedon Lucas and P. canadensis Rothschild ＆ Jordan）. Females of P. glaucus collected from populations in southeastern USA were examined for oviposition preference in 5-choice assays, and displayed a low preference for Salicaceae （〈5%）, but larvae from Florida populations exhibited a high survival （〉 60%） on these plants. Detoxification abilities have previously shown to be autosomally inherited, and can be transferred via natural or hand-paired interspecific hybrid introgression. However, these Florida populations are at least 700-1 500 km from the nearest hybrids or the hybrid species, 17. appalachiensis Pavulaan ＆ Wright, which possess these detoxification abilities. In any case, the Z （ = X）-linked oviposition preferences for Salicaceae are lacking in these Florida populations, illustrating genetic independence ofoviposition preference determination and larval survival/performance abilities. The origins of detoxification abilities are unlikely to be due to recent climate-driven introgression, and may represent ancestral trait carry-overs from interglacial refugium populations of the Pleistocene epoch.

关键词： eastern tiger swallowtail genetic introgression interglacial island refugia,Papilio glaucus maynardi Papilionidae host plants Salicaceae detoxification

A charge-density-based general cation insertion algorithm for generating new Li-ion cathode materials

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 336-342页

作者： Jimmy-Xuan Shen matthew Horton Kristin A.Persson Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley 94720USA

Future lithium(Li)energy storage technologies,in particular solid-state configurations with a Li metal anode,opens up the possibility of using cathode materials that do not necessarily contain Li in its as-made *** accelerate the discovery and design of such materials,we develop a general,chemically,and structurally agnostic methodology for identifying the optimal Li sites in any crystalline *** a given crystal structure,we attempt multiple Li insertions at symmetrically in-equivalent positions by analyzing the electronic charge density obtained from first-principles density functional *** this report,we demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure in successfully identifying the positions of the Li ion in well-known cathode materials using only the empty host(charged)material as ***,applying the algorithm to over 2000 candidate cathode empty host materials we obtain statistics of Li site preferences to guide future developments of novel Li-ion cathode materials,particularly for solid-state applications.

关键词： charge insertion algorithm

The effects of sun exposure on carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina of the House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus)

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 56-67页

作者： matthew B.Toomey Kevin J.McGraw School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University Medical School

Background: Diet-derived carotenoid pigments are concentrated in the retinas of birds and serve a variety of functions, including photoprotection. In domesticated bird species(e.g., chickens and quail), retinal carotenoid pigmentation has been shown to respond to large manipulations in light exposure and provide protection against photodamage. However, it is not known if or how wild birds respond to ecologically relevant variation in sun ***: We manipulated the duration of natural sunlight exposure and dietary carotenoid levels in wild-caught captive House Finches(Haemorhous mexicanus), then measured carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the ***: We found no significant effects of sun exposure on retinal levels of carotenoids or lipid peroxidation, in replicate experiments, in winter(Jan–Mar) and spring/summer(May–June). Dietary carotenoid supplementation in the spring/summer experiment led to significantly higher retinal carotenoid levels, but did not affect lipid peroxidation. Carotenoid levels differed significantly between the winter and spring/summer experiments, with higher retinal and lower plasma carotenoid levels in birds from the later ***: Our results suggest that variation in the duration of exposure to direct sunlight have limited influence on intraspecific variation in retinal carotenoid accumulation, but that accumulation may track other seasonal–environmental cues and physiological processes.

关键词： Carotenoids Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch Photostress Vision

Analysis and Dynamics of Illicit Drug Use Described by Fractional Derivative with Mittag-Leffler Kernel

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 1905-1924页

作者： Berat Karaagac Kolade matthew Owolabi Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Department of Mathematics Education Faculty of EducationAdıyaman UniversityAdıyamanTurkey Department of Mathematical Sciences Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria Department of Mathematics College of Arts and SciencesWadi AldawaserPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl KharjSaudi Arabia

Illicit drug use is a significant problem that causes great material and moral losses and threatens the future of the *** this reason,illicit drug use and related crimes are the most significant criminal cases examined by *** paper aims at modeling the illegal drug use using the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler ***,in this work,the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the fractional-order Illicit drug use model are discussed via Picard-Lindelöf theorem which provides successive approximations using a convergent *** the stability analysis for both disease-free and endemic equilibrium states is conducted.A numerical scheme based on the known Adams-Bashforth method is designed in fractional form to approximate the novel Atangana-Baleanu fractional operator of order 0

关键词： Atangana-Baleanu fractional operator illicit drug use existence and uniqueness of solutions stability analysis

A vector autoregression weather model for electricity supply and demand modeling

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第4期6卷 763-776页

作者： Yixian LIU matthew C.ROBERTS Ramteen SIOSHANSI Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State University Department of Agricultural Environmental and Development Economics The Ohio State University

Weather forecasting is crucial to both the demand and supply sides of electricity systems. Temperature has a great effect on the demand side. Moreover, solar and wind are very promising renewable energy sources and are, thus, important on the supply side. In this paper, a large vector autoregression(VAR) model is built to forecast three important weather variables for 61 cities around the United States. The three variables at all locations are modeled as response variables. Lag terms are used to capture the relationship between observations in adjacent periods and daily and annual seasonality are modeled to consider the correlation between the same periods in adjacent days and years. We estimate the VAR model with16 years of hourly historical data and use two additional years of data for out-of-sample validation. Forecasts of up to six-hours-ahead are generated with good forecasting performance based on mean absolute error, root mean square error, relative root mean square error, and skill scores. Our VAR model gives forecasts with skill scoresthat are more than double the skill scores of other forecasting models in the literature. Our model also provides forecasts that outperform persistence forecasts by between6% and 80% in terms of mean absolute error. Our results show that the proposed time series approach is appropriate for very short-term forecasting of hourly solar radiation,temperature, and wind speed.

关键词： Forecasting Solar irradiance Wind speed Temperature Vector autoregression Skill scores

Reactivity of triacetone triperoxide and diacetone diperoxide： Insights from nuclear Fukui function

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 114-123页

作者： matthew J. SWADLEY Panpan ZHOU Tonglei LI Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 Gansu China Industrial & Physical Pharmacy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA

Triacetone triperoxide （TATP） is more sensitive than diacetone diperoxide （DADP） in the solid-state explosion. To explain this reactivity difference, we analyzed the electronic structures and properties of the crystals of both compounds by using Ab initio method to calculate the structures of their individual molecules as well as their lattice structures and particularly calculating Nuclear Fukui function to gain insight into the sensitivity of the initial, rate-determining step of their decomposition. Our results indicate that TATP and DADP crystal structures exhibit significantly different electronic proper- ties. Most notably, the electronic structure of the TATP crystal shows asymmetry among its reactive oxygen atoms as supported by magnitudes of their nuclear Fukui functions. The greater explosion sensitivity of crystalline TATP may be attributed to the properties of its electronic structure. The electronic calculations provided valuable insight into the decomposition sensitivity difference between TATP and DADP crystals.

关键词： nuclear Fukui function electronic perturbation Hellmann-Feynman force organic crystals unimole-cular decomposition

Negative consequences of positive feedbacks in US wild-fire management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 57-66页

作者： David E Calkin matthew P Thompson Mark A Finney Forestry Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accumulation due to a century of active fire suppression. The increased fire activity has occurred during a time of significant ex-urban development of the Wildland Urban Interface （WUI） along with increased demand on water resources originating on forested landscapes. These increased demands have put substantial pressure on federal agencies charged with wildfire management to continue and expand the century old policy of aggressive wildfire suppression. However, aggressive wildfire suppression is one of the major factors that drive the increased extent, intensity, and damage associated with the small number of large wildfires that are unable to be suppressed. In this paper we discuss the positive feedback loops that lead to demands for increasing suppression response while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk in the future. Despite a wealth of scientific research that demonstrates the limitations of the current management paradigm pressure to maintain the existing system are well entrenched and driven by the existing social systems that have evolved under our current management practice. Interestingly, US federal wildland fire policy provides considerable discretion for managers to pursue a range of management objectives however, societal expectations and existing management incentive structures result in policy implementation that is straining the resilience of fire adapted ecosystems and the communities that reside in and adjacent to them.

关键词： Wildfire suppression Wildfire paradox Wildland urban interface Resilience