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Bioenergy: Examining the Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Biomass as a Source of Sustainable Renewable Energy in Louisiana

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2023年第3期13卷 99-115页

作者： Priscilla M. Loh Yaw A. Twumasi Zhu H. Ning matilda anokye Recheal N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Judith Oppong John B. Namwamba Lucinda Kangwana Janeth Mjema Department of Urban Forestry Environment and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA

The use of renewable energy is steadily being adopted as a mitigative measure for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By assessing biomass production and consumption estimates from Louisiana parishes, this study examines the utilization of agricultural biomass as a convenient renewable energy source, and the potential of marginal lands for growing bioenergy crops in Louisiana. This was achieved by retrieving parish-level acreage production of some biofuel crops recorded in 2021 using the Quick Stats Database, to map out the spatial locations and distribution of the biofuel crops. To examine the potential of Louisiana’s marginal lands in bioenergy crop production, data was obtained from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database and mapped-out according to the eight Land Capability Classes numbered I-VIII. The results of the mapped-out acreage data revealed that 25% of the 64 parishes including Morehouse recorded high corn production estimates, while 43%, such as East Carroll, recorded high soybean production. Meanwhile, cotton production estimates were relatively low, as recorded in only 9 parishes, with one parish, Tensas, having the highest acreage production of around 23,000. Although the identified marginal lands in parishes such as Allen and Vernon had no records of corn, soybean, or cotton production, the soil survey database revealed that these marginal lands have high nutrient soils like Alfisols, Entisols and Inceptisols with optimal nutrient balance essential for high yield bioenergy crop production. Hence, this paper highlights Louisiana’s agricultural biomass to be leveraged as sustainable renewable sources while adhering to clear production guidelines, biofuel sustainability certification, and internationally agreed sustainability criteria.

关键词： Biofuels Agricultural Crops Ethanol Biodiesel Marginal Lands Louisiana

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Lockdown Impact on the Land Surface Temperatures of Different Land Cover Types in Louisiana

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2023年第5期15卷 458-481页

作者： Priscilla M. Loh Yaw A. Twumasi Zhu H. Ning matilda anokye Diana B. Frimpong Judith Oppong Abena B. Asare-Ansah Recheal N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Department of Urban Forestry Environment and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a serious threat to life on the entire planet, necessitating the imposition of a lockdown mechanism that restricted people’s movements to stop the disease’s spread. This period experienced a decline in air pollution emissions and some environmental changes, offering a rare opportunity to understand the effects of fewer human activities on the earth’s temperature. Hence, this study compares the changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST) that were observed prior to the pandemic (March & April 2019) and during the pandemic lockdown (March & April 2020) of three parishes in Louisiana. The data for this study was acquired using Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) Level 2, Collection 2, Tier 2 from the Google Earth Engine Catalog. For better visualization, the images that were derived had a cloud cover of less than 10%. Also, images for the three study areas were processed and categorized into four main classes: water, vegetation, built-up areas, and bare lands using a Random Forest Supervised Classification Algorithm. To improve the accuracy of the image classifications, three Normalized Difference Indices namely the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) were employed using the Near Infrared (NIR), Red, Green and SWIR bands for the calculations. After, these images were processed in Google Earth Engine to generate the LST products gridded at 30 m with a higher spatial resolution of 100 m according to the pre-pandemic (2019) and lockdown (2020) periods for the three study areas. Results of this study showed a decrease in LST values of the land cover classes from 2019 to 2020, with LST values in East Baton Parish decreasing from 44°C to 38°C, 42°C to 38°C in Lafayette Parish, and 43°C to 38°C in Orleans Parish. The variations in the LST values therefore indicate the impact of fewer anthropogenic factors on the earth’s temperature which requires

关键词： Urban Heat Island Anthropogenic Activities Greenhouse Gas Greenspace Wetlands

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Assessing the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Air Quality in East Baton Rouge—Louisiana Using Earth Observation Techniques

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2022年第3期12卷 106-119页

作者： Diana B. Frimpong Yaw A. Twumasi Zhu H. Ning Abena B. Asare-Ansah matilda anokye Priscilla M. Loh Faustina Owusu Caroline Y. Apraku Recheal N. D. Armah Judith Oppong John B. Namwamba Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A & M College 102 Fisher Hall Baton Rouge Louisiana USA

There has been significant research in recent decades on Land use Land cover (LULC) changes and their influence on biodiversity but little to no research on its impact on air quality. This research seeks to demonstrate how geospatial technologies such as geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing can be used to assess the effects of LULC changes on particulate matter emissions and their impact on air quality in the East Baton Rouge area. In pursuit of these objectives, this study uses LANDSAT imageries from the past 30 years specifically Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM C2L2) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared (OLI/TIRS C2L2) covering 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021 were collected, processed, and analyzed for the LULC change analysis using QGIS software. Additionally, Sentinel 5P and the Air quality index from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were used to assess the air quality trend over the years to establish the correlation between LULC and air quality. Results showed an increasing trend in air quality over the past 3 decades with concentrations of CO, NO2, and PM2.5 abruptly falling however, urbanization and the population expanded throughout the time. The paper concludes by outlining a policy recommendation in the form of encouraging Louisiana residents to use alternative renewable energies rather than the over-dependence on coal-fired electric generating plants that have an impact on the environment.

关键词： Google Earth Engine Aerosol Air Quality Sentinel-5P Land Use Land Cover Change

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Fusion of Landsat 8 OLI and PlanetScope Images for Urban Forest Management in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 444-461页

作者： Yaw Adu Twumasi Abena Boatemaa Asare-Ansah Edmund Chukwudi Merem Priscilla Mawuena Loh John Bosco Namwamba Zhu Hua Ning Harriet Boatemaa Yeboah matilda anokye Rechael Naa Dedei Armah Caroline Yeboaa Apraku Julia Atayi Diana Botchway Frimpong Ronald Okwemba Judith Oppong Lucinda A. Kangwana Janeth Mjema Leah Wangari Njeri Joyce McClendon-Peralta Valentine Jeruto Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University Catharines Canada

In recent years image fusion method has been used widely in different studies to improve spatial resolution of multispectral images. This study aims to fuse high resolution satellite imagery with low multispectral imagery in order to assist policymakers in the effective planning and management of urban forest ecosystem in Baton Rouge. To accomplish these objectives, Landsat 8 and PlanetScope satellite images were acquired from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Explorer and Planet websites with pixel resolution of 30m and 3m respectively. The reference images (observed Landsat 8 and PlanetScope imagery) were acquired on 06/08/2020 and 11/19/2020. The image processing was performed in ArcMap and used 6-5-4 band combination for Landsat 8 to visually inspect healthy vegetation and the green spaces. The near-infrared (NIR) panchromatic band for PlanetScope was merged with Landsat 8 image using the Create Pan-Sharpened raster tool in ArcMap and applied the Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) method. In addition, location of urban forestry parks in the study area was picked using the handheld GPS and recorded in an excel sheet. This sheet was converted into Excel (.csv) file and imported into ESRI ArcMap to identify the spatial distribution of the green spaces in East Baton Rouge parish. Results show fused images have better contrast and improve visualization of spatial features than non-fused images. For example, roads, trees, buildings appear sharper, easily discernible, and less pixelated compared to the Landsat 8 image in the fused image. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the form of sequential measurement of urban forest over time to help track changes and allows for better informed policy and decision making with respect to urban forest management.

关键词： Remote Sensing Image Fusion Multispectral Images Urban Forest Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) PlanetScope Baton Rouge

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An Assessment of the Potential Use of Forest Residues for the Production of Bio-Oils in the Urban-Rural Interface of Louisiana

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第4期12卷 479-502页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Zhu H. Ning John B. Namwamba Edmund C. Merem Abena B. Asare-Ansah Harriet B. Yeboah matilda anokye Diana B. Frimpong Priscilla M. Loh Julia Atayi Judith Oppong Cynthia C. Ogbu Rechael N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Opeyemi I. Oladigbolu Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Canada

Louisiana is endowed with forest resources. Forest wastes generated after thinning, land clearing, and logging operations, such as wood debris, tree trimmings, barks, sawdust, wood chips, and black liquor, among others, can serve as potential fuels for energy production in Louisiana. This paper aims to evaluate the potential annual volumes of forest wastes established on detailed and existing data on the forest structure in the rural-urban interface of Louisiana. It also demonstrates the state’s prospects of utilizing forest wastes to produce bio-oils. The data specific to the study was deduced from secondary data sources to obtain the annual average total residue production in Louisiana and estimate the number of logging residues available for procurement for bioenergy production. The total biomass production per year was modeled versus years by polynomial regression curve fitting using Microsoft Excel. Results of the model show that the cumulative annual total biomass production for 2025 and 2030 in Louisiana is projected to be 80000000 Bone Dry Ton (BDT) and 16000000 (BDT) respectively. The findings of the study depict that Louisiana has a massive biomass supply from forest wastes for bioenergy production. Thus, the potential for Louisiana to become an influential player in the production of bio-based products from forest residues is evident. The author recommends that future research can use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create maps displaying the potential locations and utilization centers of forest wastes for bioenergy production in the state.

关键词： Bioenergy Production Bio-Oils Polynomial Regression Bio-Products Forest Residues Logging Residues Wood Wastes Louisiana

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Effect of Variety and Plant Spacing on Growth and Yield of Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 54-70页

作者： Abukari Iddrisu Eric Adjei Samuel Kwesi Asomaning Kwadwo Gyasi Santo Adu Poku Isaac Alexander Danson-anokye Cocoa Health and Extension Division Huni Valley Ghana Department of Agriculture Berekum East Municipal Assembly Berekum Ghana Department of Horticulture and Crop Production School of Agriculture and Technology University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Glenn High School Winston Salem USA

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of variety and plant spacing on yield and growth of groundnuts. The field experiment was laid in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The factor A included three (3) groundnut varieties (Nkatie Sari, Sum Nutt 22 and Yenyawoso) and Factor B was the three (3) spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 30 cm × 40 cm. All recommended agronomic practices were followed. Data was collected from eight (8) tagged plants. Growth data were recorded on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, and the number of flowers while yield data were collected on the number of flowers, number of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight and the pod yield (kg/ha). The plant spacing significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the growth and yield parameters. Groundnut grown at a spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum plant height, whereas the maximum number of leaves, number of branches and number of flowers were produced from 30 cm × 40 cm. Yenyawoso variety with a wider plant spacing performed better vegetatively among all the varieties. The Yenyawoso variety produced the highest number of pods, 100 seeds weight and pod yield as compared to the other varieties. Also, Yenyawoso at 30 cm × 40 cm spacing and Nkatie Sari at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing produced the maximum pod yield.

关键词： Groundnut Variety Yield Spacing Plant Height

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Bioenergy Crops as a Promising Alternative to Fossil Fuels in Louisiana: A Geographic Information System (GIS) Perspective

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2022年第4期12卷 57-81页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Zhu H. Ning John B. Namwamba Abena B. Asare-Ansah Edmund C. Merem Harriet B. Yeboah Judith Oppong matilda anokye Diana B. Frimpong Priscilla M. Loh Julia Atayi Rechael N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Opeyemi I. Oladigbolu Cynthia C. Ogbu Leah W. Njeri Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Canada

Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change, and the world’s focus has shifted to the need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. There has been a rise in the published literature on the utilization of crops for bioenergy production in Louisiana. However, very few scholarly documents have used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the distribution of potential bioenergy crops in Louisiana. This study seeks to fill the void by evaluating the potential of bioenergy crops in Louisiana for energy production using GIS. Given this objective, the agricultural census data for 1999, 2009, 2019, and 2020 obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture were used in the analysis. The quantities of various crops produced in the state were loaded into an attribute table and joined to a shapefile using ArcGIS software. The symbology tool’s graduated option was used to create five maps representing each of the bioenergy crops in Louisiana. The findings of the GIS analysis show that some of the parishes, such as Franklin produced the most bushels of corn (13,795,416), Iberia produced the most tons of sugarcane (1,697,980), East Carroll produced the most bushels of soybean (8,237,991), Tensas harvested the most bales of cotton (80,898) and Avoyelles produced the most bushels of sorghum (630,694). The abundance and availability of crops as raw materials for energy production will translate into lower prices in terms of energy use, making bioenergy crops a promising alternative to fossil fuels. In addition, gasoline price data from 1993-2022 was obtained from U.S. Energy Information Administration. A regression model for the average annual gasoline price over the years was constructed. The results show that the average annual gasoline price variation with respect to years is statistically significant (p 0.05). This suggests that gasoline prices will generally rise despite a price drop over the years. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the

关键词： Bioenergy Crops Biomass Fossil Fuel Gasoline Geographic Information Sys-tem (GIS) Regression Analysis Louisiana

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Analysis of Precipitation Trends and Prediction in Selected Cities in the Southeast Louisiana

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 698-727页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi John B. Namwamba Zhu H. Ning Edmund C. Merem Priscilla M. Loh Abena B. Asare-Ansah Jacob B. Annan Ronald Okwemba Harriet B. Yeboah Caroline Y. Apraku Janeth Mjema Rechael N. D. Armah matilda anokye Lucinda A. Kangwana Judith Oppong Julia Atayi Cynthia C. Ogbu Opeyemi I. Oladigbolu Diana B. Frimpong Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge LA USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson MS USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Canada

The impacts of climate change are being felt in Louisiana, in the form of changing weather patterns that have resulted in changes in floods, hurricanes, tornadoes frequencies of occurrence, and magnitudes, among others resulting in, flooding. The variabilities in rainfall in a drainage basin affect water availability and sustainability. This study analyzed the precipitation data of Southeastern Louisiana, United States, for the period 1990 to 2020. Data used in the study was from, Donaldsonville, Galliano, Lafourche, Gonzales, Ascension, Morgan, New Orleans, Audubon, Plaquemine, and Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa, weather stations. These stations were selected because the differences between each of their highest and lowest average annual rainfall data were greater than 20 inches. To investigate climate patterns and trends for the given weather stations in Southeastern Louisiana, precipitation data were analyzed on annual time scales using data collected from the World Bank Group Climate Change Knowledge Portal for Development Practitioners and Policy Makers and the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) of the National Weather Service Prediction Center. The data were further aggregated using annual average blocks of 4 years, and linear and polynomial regression was performed to establish trends. The highest and lowest average annual rainfall data for Donaldsonville, Galliano, Lafourche, Gonzales, Ascension, Morgan, New Orleans, Audubon, Plaquemine, and Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa, weather stations were, 75 and 48, 71 and 44, 73.5 and 52.7, 75 and 46.4, 72 and 41.3, 94 and 55.3, Ponchatoula, and 78.6 and 44, respectively. Plaquemine recorded the highest average annual average rainfall while New Orleans, Audubon station recorded the lowest. The projection of the precipitation in 2030 has been carried out to inform scientists and stakeholders about the approximate quantity of rainfall expected and enable them to make their expected impacts on agriculture, economy, etc. The pr

关键词： Precipitation Linear and Polynomial Regression Extrapolating Models Southeastern Louisiana

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Flood Mapping in Mozambique Using Copernicus Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2022年第3期12卷 80-105页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Edmund C. Merem John B. Namwamba Abena B. Asare-Ansah Jacob B. Annan Zhu H. Ning Rechael N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Harriet B. Yeboah Julia Atayi matilda anokye Diana B. Frimpong Ronald Okwemba Olipa S. Mwakimi Judith Oppong Brilliant M. Petja Janeth Mjema Priscilla M. Loh Lucinda A. Kangwana Valentine Jeruto Leah Wangari Njeri Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A & M College 102 Fisher Hall Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University 101 Capitol Center Jackson Mississippi USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dares Salam Dares Salam Tanzania Water Research Commission (WRC) Private Bag X03 Gezina South Africa

Over the last two decades, Mozambique has experienced tremendous tropical cyclonic activities causing many flooding activities accompanied by disastrous human casualties. Studies that integrate remote sensing, elevation data and coupled with demographic analysis in Mozambique are very limited. This study seeks to fill the void by employing satellite data to map inundation caused by Tropical Cyclones in Mozambique. In pursuit of this objective, Sentinel-2 satellite data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS)’s Earth Explorer free Online Data Services imagery website covering the months of March 20, 2019, March 25, 2019, and April 16, 2019 for two cities, Maputo and Beira in Mozambique. The images were geometrically corrected to remove, haze, scan lines and speckles, and then referenced to Mozambique ground-based Geographic: Lat/Lon coordinate system and WGS 84 Datum. Data from twelve spectral bands of Sentinel-2 satellite, covering the visible and near infrared sections of the electromagnetic spectrum, were further used in the analysis. In addition, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) within the study area was computed using the green and near infrared bands to highlight water bodies of Sentinel-2 detectors. To project and model the population of Mozambique and see the impact of cyclones on the country, demographic data covering 1980 to 2017 was obtained from the World Bank website. The Exponential Smoothing (ETS) method was adopted to forecast the population of Mozambique. Results from NDWI analysis showed that the NDWI is higher for flood areas and lower for non-flooded ones. The ETS algorithm results indicate that the population of Mozambique would nearly double by 2047. Human population along the coastal zone in the country is also on the rise exponentially. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the form of uniform distribution of economic activities across the country and prohibition of inland migration to the coas

关键词： Tropical Cyclones Floods Remote Sensing NDWI Exponential Smoothing (ETS) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Sentinel-2 Satellite Mozambique

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Soil carbon stock and emission: estimates from three land-use systems in Ghana

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 157-169页

作者： Joseph anokye Vincent Logah Andrews Opoku Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

Background:Land-use systems that sequester carbon and reduce CO_(2) emissions are key in the global mitigation strategies of climate *** gas emission from agro-ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa is little ***,we quantified soil carbon stock(SCS)and CO_(2) emissions from three land-use systems *** land,oil palm plantation and forestland in the semi-deciduous forest zone of ***:Soil organic carbon concentration at the 0–15 cm layer in the forestland was 62 and 23%greater than that in the arable land and palm plantation,*** SCS along the 1.0-m profile was 108.2,99.0 and 73.5 Mg ha^(−1) in the forestland,palm plantation and arable land,*** land emitted 30–46%more CO_(2) than palm plantation and *** the dry season,CO_(2) emissions were respectively 0.93,0.63 and 0.5 kg ha^(−1) h−1 from the arable land,palm plantation and *** relationships were observed between CO_(2) emissions and SCS,soil temperature,and *** SCS greatly influenced CO_(2) emission in the dry season more than in the wet season in the relatively higher carbon-input systems(forestland and palm plantation).Soil temperature accounted for more than 55%of CO_(2) emissions in both seasons,which has implications in the era of rising global ***:The study provides relevant information on carbon storage abilities of the three land-use types in tropical climate and calls for drastic climate change actions to reduce degradation of forest cover and soil disturbance in agro-ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Arable land Carbon dioxide emission Climate change Soil moisture Soil temperature Sub-Saharan Africa

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