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Update on Chloroplast Research： New Tools, New Topics, and New Trends

Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 1-16页

作者： Ute Armbruster Paolo Pesaresi mathias pribil Alexander Hertle Dario Leister Lehrstuhl for Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik) Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat M6nchen Groβhaderner Str. D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany b Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie Universita degli studi di Milano 1-20133 Milano Italy

Chloroplasts, the green differentiation form of plastids, are the sites of photosynthesis and other important plant functions. Genetic and genomic technologies have greatly boosted the rate of discovery and functional character- ization of chloroplast proteins during the past decade. Indeed, data obtained using high-throughput methodologies, in particular proteomics and transcriptomics, are now routinely used to assign functions to chloroplast proteins. Our knowl- edge of many chloroplast processes, notably photosynthesis and photorespiration, has reached such an advanced state that biotechnological approaches to crop improvement now seem feasible. Meanwhile, efforts to identify the entire com- plement of chloroplast proteins and their interactions are progressing rapidly, making the organelle a prime target for systems biology research in plants.

关键词： Chloroplast biology genetics genomics molecular biology proteomics transcriptome analysis

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SNOWY COTYLEDON 2 Promotes Chloroplast Development and Has a Role in Leaf Variegation in Both Lotus japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2017年第5期10卷 721-734页

作者： Nicola Zagari Omar Sandoval-lbanez Niels Sandal Junyi Su Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion Jens Stougaard mathias pribil Dario Leister Pablo Pulido Plant Molecular Biology Department of Biology I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Copenhagen Plant Science Center University of Copenhagen 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark Research and Innovation Center Fondazione Edmund Mach via E. Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Italy Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain

Plants contain various factors that transiently interact with subunits or intermediates of the thylakoid multiprotein complexes, promoting their stable association and integration. Hence, assembly factors are essential for chloroplast development and the transition from heterotrophic to phototrophic growth. Snowy cotyledon 2 （SCO2） is a DNAJ-like protein involved in thylakoid membrane biogenesis and interacts with the light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein LHCBI. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SCO2 function was previ- ously reported to be restricted to cotyledons. Here we show that disruption of SC02 in Lotus japonicus results not only in paler cotyledons but also in variegated true leaves. Furthermore, smaller and pale- green true leaves can also be observed in A. thaliana sco2 （atsco2） mutants under short-day conditions. In both species, SCO2 is required for proper accumulation of PSlI-LHCll complexes. In contrast to other variegated mutants, inhibition of chloroplastic translation strongly affects L. japonicus sco2 mutant devel- opment and fails to suppress their variegated phenotype. Moreover, inactivation of the suppressor of variegation AtClpR1 in the atsco2 background results in an additive double-mutant phenotype with variegated true leaves. Taken together, our results indicate that SCO2 plays a distinct role in PSll assembly or repair and constitutes a novel factor involved in leaf variegation.

关键词： SCO2 DNAJ-like photosynthesis assembly factor variegation chloroplast development

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Chloroplast Proteins without Cleavable Transit Peptides： Rare Exceptions or a Major Constituent of the Chloroplast Proteome？

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1325-1335页

作者： Ute Armbruster Alexander Hertle Elina Makarenko Jessica Zuhlke mathias pribil Angela Dietzmann Ivo Schliebner Elena Aseeva Elena Fenino Michael Scharfenberg Christian Voigt Dario Leister Lehrstuhl fur Botanik Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit~t MQnchen Menzinger Str. 67 D-80638 Munchen Germany

Most chloroplast proteins （cp proteins） are nucleus-encoded, synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes as precursor proteins containing a presequence （cTP）, and post-translationally imported via the Tic/Toc complex into the organelle, where the cTP is removed. Only a few unambiguous instances of cp proteins that do not require cTPs （non-canonical cp proteins） have been reported so far. However, the survey of data from large-scale proteomic studies presented here suggests that the fraction of such proteins in the total cp proteome might be as large as -30%. To explore this discrepancy, we chose a representative set of 28 putative non-canonical cp proteins, and used in vitro import and Red Fluorescent Protein （RFP）-fusion assays to determine their sub-cellular destinations. Four proteins, including embryo defective 1211, glycolate oxidase 2, protein disulfide isomerase-like protein （PDII）, and a putative glutathione S-transferase, could be unambiguously assigned to the chloroplast. Several others （＇potential cp proteins＇） were found to be imported into chloroplasts in vitro, but failed to localize to the organelle when RFP was fused to their C-terminal ends. Extrapolations suggest that the fraction of cp proteins that enter the inner compartments of the organelle, although they lack a cTP, might be as large as 11.4% of the total cp proteome. Our data also support the idea that cytosolic proteins that associate with the cp outer membrane might account for false positive cp proteins obtained in earlier studies.

关键词： Chloroplast biology mitochondria organelle biogenesis/function protein targeting.

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