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Establishing a child and adolescent mental health center in Herat,Afghanistan:a project description

Global Health Journal 2023年第4期7卷 194-199页

作者： Abdul Fattah Najm Aziz-ur-Rahman Niazi Mina Alekozay Emily B.Allan Kaaren mathias Technical Director International Assistance MissionHerat 3001Afghanistan Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineHerat 3001Afghanistan Independent Consultant RedcarNorth YorkshireTS103JAUK Faculty of Health University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand

Objective:Afghanistan has witnessed a long-lasting 4-decade armed conflict,which together with high levels of poverty and interpersonal violence,resulted in high incidence and prevalence of mental disorders in general population,including children and *** mid-2018,there was neither mental health care facility nor a child psychiatrist in ***,we report the establishment of the first children and adolescents'mental health center(CAMHC)in Herat province of ***:In July 2018,CAMHC was initiated at Mental Health Training *** was initially planned by the International Assistance Mission(IAM)and Herat Public Health Directorate;and financially supported by the Tearfund UK,the United Methodist Committee on Relief and Tearfund *** target population of CAMHC was children and adolescents in Herat and neighboring provinces,healthcare professionals,staff of government and non-governmental organizations,school teachers and community ***:A group of eight mental health professionals were trained and made the interdisciplinary board for diagnosis and management of mental disorders in children and *** the initial three-year period,2448 patients,including 1264(51.6%)boys and 1184(48.4%)girls,presented with mental disorders to *** and management of mental disorders were performed according to standard international *** awareness-raising seminars were held;2000 leaflets,10000 posters,and 30000 brochures were prepared and distributed;and two short video clips were produced and broadcast via IAM website,social media and local TV channels.A database was developed to house for project data,assessment of outcomes and reporting to ***:Establishment of CAMHC resulted in significant achievements in diagnosis and management of mental disorders among children and adolescents,healthcare staff capacity building,and awareness-raising about mental *** o

关键词： Child and adolescent Mental health Herat Afghanistan

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Modeling Ocean Chlorophyll Distributions by Penalizing the Blending Technique

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2014年第1期4卷 25-30页

作者： mathias A. Onabid Simon Wood Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Bath Bath UK Department of Maths-Computer Science Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Disparities between the in situ and satellite values at the positions where in situ values are obtained have been the main handicap to the smooth modeling of the distribution of ocean chlorophyll. The blending technique and the thin plate regression spline have so far been the main methods used in an attempt to calibrate ocean chlorophyll at positions where the in situ field could not provide value. In this paper, a combination of the two techniques has been used in order to provide improved and reliable estimates from the satellite field. The thin plate regression spline is applied to the blending technique by imposing a penalty on the differences between the satellite and in situ fields at positions where they both have observations. The objective of maximizing the use of the satellite field for prediction was outstanding in a validation study where the penalized blending method showed a remarkable improvement in its estimation potentials. It is hoped that most analysis on primary productivity and management in the ocean environment will be greatly affected by this result, since chlorophyll is one of the most important components in the formation of the ocean life cycle.

关键词： In Situ Satellite Ship and Buoy Penalized Regression Spline Penalty Penalized Blending

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Outcome in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis and patent ductus arteriosus

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期12卷 55-59页

作者： Ulf Kessler Franzisca Schulte Dietmar Cholewa mathias Nelle Stephan C.Schaefer Peter M.Klimek Steffen Berger Department of Pediatric Surgery InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernSwitzerland Division of Neonatology Department of PediatricsInselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernSwitzerland Institute of Pathology InselspitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland Department of Surgery HFR Fribourg-Cantonal HospitalSwitzerland

Background:There is no agreement of the influence of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)on outcomes in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).In this study,we assessed the infl uence of PDA on NEC ***:A retrospective study of 131 infants with established NEC was ***(death,disease severity,need for surgery,hospitalization duration),as well as multiple clinical parameters were compared between NEC patients with no congenital heart disease(n=102)and those with isolated PDA(n=29).Univariate,multivariate and stepwise logistic regression analyses were ***:Birth weight and gestational age were significantly lower in patients with PDA[median(95%CI):1120 g(1009-1562 g),28.4 wk(27.8-30.5 wk)]than in those without PDA[median(95%CI):1580 g(1593-1905 g),32.4 wk(31.8-33.5 wk);P<0.05].The risk of NEC-attributable fatality was higher in NEC patients with PDA(35%)than in NEC patients without PDA(14%)[univariate odds ratio(OR)=3.3,95%CI:1.8-8.6,P<0.05;multivariate OR=2.4,95%CI:0.82-2.39,P=0.111].Significant independent predictors for nonsurvival within the entire cohort were advanced disease severity stage III(OR=27.9,95%CI:7.4-105,P<0.001)and birth weight below 1100 g(OR=5.7,95%CI:1.7-19.4,P<0.01).Conclusions:In patients with NEC,the presence of PDA is associated with an increased risk of ***,when important differences between the two study groups are controlled,only birth weight and disease severity may independently predict mortality.

关键词： congenital heart disease necrotizing enterocolitis neonatal mortality patent ductus arteriosus

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Estimating Ocean Chlorophyll Using the Penalized Three Dimensional (3D) Blending Technique

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第3期8卷 386-394页

作者： mathias A. Onabid Simon Wood Department of Mathematics-Computer Science Faculty of Sciences Dschang University of Dschang West Region Cameroon Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Bath Bath UK

The Thin Plate Regression Spline (TPRS) was introduced as a means of smoothing off the differences between the satellite and in-situ observations during the two dimensional (2D) blending process in an attempt to calibrate ocean chlorophyll. The result was a remarkable improvement on the predictive capabilities of the penalized model making use of the satellite observation. In addition, the blending process has been extended to three dimensions (3D) since it is believed that most physical systems exist in the three dimensions (3D). In this article, an attempt to obtain more reliable and accurate predictions of ocean chlorophyll by extending the penalization process to three dimensional (3D) blending is presented. Penalty matrices were computed using the integrated least squares (ILS) and integrated squared derivative (ISD). Results obtained using the integrated least squares were not encouraging, but those obtained using the integrated squared derivative showed a reasonable improvement in predicting ocean chlorophyll especially where the validation datum was surrounded by available data from the satellite data set, however, the process appeared computationally expensive and the results matched the other methods on a general scale. In both case, the procedure for implementing the penalization process in three dimensional blending when penalty matrices were calculated using the two techniques has been well established and can be used in any similar three dimensional problem when it becomes necessary.

关键词： Integrated Least Squares Integrated Squared Derivative Basis Function Penalty Matrix Penalized Model In-Situ Satellite

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Appraisal of Existing HIV/AIDs Prevention and Control Measures and Presentation of Innovative Strategies to End HIV/AIDS Epidemic by 2030

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第3期13卷 178-194页

作者： mathias Tumwebaze John Rubaihayo Mpairwe Harold Department of Public Health Bishop Stuart University Mbarara City Uganda Department of Public Health Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal City Uganda Department of Disease Prevention and Control Makerere University School of Public Health Kampala Uganda

Background: Globally, UNAIDS report 2022 shows, there are 84.2 million people affected by HIV/AIDS and 40.1 million deaths from AIDS since the start of epidemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, women and girls accounted for 63% of all new HIV infections in 2021 with, six in seven new HIV infections among adolescents aged 15 - 19 years being girls. Key populations accounted for 70% of HIV infections globally in 2021, with 51% of these new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Reflecting on the 4 decades’ journey of HIV epidemic amidst local, national and international efforts, the UN target of ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 remains questionable unless new innovative ways are used. This study aimed at analyzing existing HIV/AIDS interventions, discuss UN interventions in line with ending HIV/AIDS by 2030 then, suggest and discuss new innovative ways of ending HIV scourge by 2030. Methods: Systematic literature review methodology was used to extract existing published information on HIV prevention strategies from 1981 to 2023. The articles were previewed by 2 experts for quality and grouped by intervention. Of the 637 articles accessed, on HIV prevention/control only 45 met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach following standard guidelines on synthesis without meta-analysis. Descriptive analysis was done, strength and limitations were identified. UNAIDS recommendations for ending HIV/AIDS by 2030 identified and analyzed. New Innovations in HIV/AIDS were presented and discussed. The scope of the reviewed literature was limited to HIV preventive strategies practiced between 1981 and 2023. Results: Findings show that, Uganda’s HIV prevalence was at a peak in 1991 of 15% (30% among pregnant women in urban areas). ABC strategy is claimed to have turned sharply downward the prevalence through the mid-1990s and reached 5% (14% for pregnant urban women) by 2001. Analysis of the strategy showed that the achievements of the str

关键词： HIV Prevention Innovative HIV Strategies UNAIDS 95-95-95 Ending HIV by 2030 ABC Strategy

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Drivers of Land Cover Dynamics for Pugu and Kazimuzumbwi Forest Reserves in Kisarawe, Tanzania

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Open Journal of Forestry 2016年第5期6卷 348-360页

作者： Makarius Victor Mdemu Marco mathias Burra Department of Regional Development Planning Ardhi University Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Urban and Regional Planning Ardhi University Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Forests that are close to growing urban centres have been subject to constant deforestation and degradation from various factors. This study assesses the drivers of land cover dynamics in Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserves in the context of urban and peri-urban expansion of Dar es Salaam for the past three decades. The study adopted review of relevant literature and household survey from three settlements surrounding the forest reserves. One hundred and fifty (150) households were collected from Buyuni, Chanika and Masaki in Ilala and Kisarawe and administered with semi-structured questionnaire to collect information on migration, use of forest products by communities and perception on climate change and variability. SPSS computer program was used to analyse the questionnaire data while tables and graphs were adopted for presentation of the results. Rural-urban and internal urban migration in Dar es Salaam was identified as one of the primary drivers of land cover dynamics in peri-urban areas and adjoining environments. The migration was intensified by push drivers which include urban growth, market of land and reliance on forest product among community members as source of their livelihoods. The increased rainfall variability accompanied with high temperature has contributed to frequent droughts which compromises rainfed agriculture. Thus, the successful conservation of the forest will require strengthened enforcement of protection measures supported with introduction of alternative livelihood strategies for majority of poor community members.

关键词： Climate Change and Variability Driver Forest Reserve Land Cover Dynamics Peri-Urban

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Artisanal Mining and Soil Quality in the Sudano-Sahelian Climate: Case of the Artisanal Mining Site of Yimiougou in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Nicolas Kagambega Urbain Sam mathias Ouedraogo Department of Mining Engineering University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Department of Earth Sciences University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The majority of the population of Burkina Faso lives from agriculture and therefore depends on the land. The main objective of this study is to assess the quality of the soils in the area linked to artisanal mining activities. The methodology adopted consisted in sampling and characterizing the main types of soil. In order to assess the level of soil pollution by artisanal mining, parameters such as the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the contamination factor (CF) are calculated. A prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) was also carried out on samples of mine tailings which are potential sources of pollution of these soils. The results obtained show that the soils in Yimiougou are of nil to low agronomic interest. The Igeo shows that for lead, copper, zinc and arsenic the levels found in the different morphological units are partly attributable to human action and specifically artisanal mining. The values of the contamination factor indicate contamination. Cobalt presents the lowest contamination. For cadmium, the different types of soil are moderately contaminated except for the FITLC type, which has a CF value of 0.50, therefore synonymous with low or absent contamination. The various morphological units studied are very heavily contaminated with zinc, copper, lead and arsenic. The pH and conductivity values indicate that the mine tailings samples are non-acidogenic, therefore not yet oxidized. As for the sulphide contents, they show that only samples S17, S22, S23 and S24 present values that are strictly above the threshold (0.3%) and therefore potentially acid-generating. The comparative study of the acid potential (AP) and the neutralization potential (NP) reveals that the neutralization potentials of the different samples are clearly higher than the acid potentials even for the samples which present a proven acidification potential (S17, S22, S23 and S24). These results show that the mine tailings have the natural capacity to neutralize any possible mine dra

关键词： Soil Artisanal Mining Environment Heavy Metals Potentially Harmful Elements Burkina Faso

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IR Spectroscopic Characterization of Lignite as a Tool to Predict the Product Range of Catalytic Decomposition

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International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy 2016年第1期5卷 13-22页

作者： Valentin Cepus Markus Borth mathias Seitz Department Engineering and Natural Sciences Merseburg University of Applied Sciences Merseburg Germany

The catalytic pyrolysis of lignites is a technical process whose development is complex and time-consuming with the goal to maximize the yield of the desired low-volatile hydrocarbons of choice and to minimize the yield of solid residual products. Not every type of lignite is suitable for this process due to its particular chemical composition. In order to be able to predict which lignite specimen will be an especially promising raw material for the pyrolytic liberation of target products, the chemical classification by IR spectroscopic methods was investigated. MIR spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a valuable tool to characterize the the molecular composition of lignites and to determine the concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic functional groups in lignite as well as alcoholic OH and other forms of bound oxygen. These data provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of the material and help to predict the composition of the chemical components liberated by catalytic decomposition. With a complementary NIR spectroscopic approach, a chemometric method has been developed with which the elemental com-position of the lignites can be determined in a fast and pragmatic way leading to a prediction of the product range of a theoretical pyrolytic product range. Thus, this spectroscopic investigation is a toolbox that can answer the question if the commercial exploitation of catalytic pyrolysis of a lignite sample in question will make sense without preliminary conduction of long and time-consuming testing.

关键词： Coal Lignite IR Spectroscopy Characterization MIR NIR Pyrolysis

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Modulating poststroke inflammatory mechanisms: Novel aspects of mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles and microglia

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第8期13卷 1030-1048页

作者： Wen-Qiang Xin Wei Wei Yong-Li Pan Bao-Long Cui Xin-Yu Yang mathias Bähr Thorsten R Doeppner Department of Neurology University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingen 37075Germany Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke,and systemic inflammation affects patient *** resident immune cells in the brain,microglia are significantly involved in immune defense and tissue repair under various pathological conditions,including cerebral *** the differentiation of M1 and M2 microglia is certainly oversimplified,changing the activation state of microglia appears to be an intriguing therapeutic strategy for cerebral *** evidence indicates that both mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)regulate inflammation and modify tissue repair under preclinical stroke ***,the precise mechanisms of these signaling pathways,especially in the context of the mutual interaction between MSCs or MSC-derived EVs and resident microglia,have not been sufficiently ***,this review summarizes the state-ofthe-art knowledge on MSC-and MSC-EV-mediated regulation of microglial activity under ischemic stroke conditions with respect to various signaling pathways,including cytokines,neurotrophic factors,transcription factors,and microRNAs.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles Mesenchymal stem cells Microglial activation M2 polarization Ischemic stroke

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深圳中信金融中心项目结构体系优化设计

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建筑结构学报 2016年第S1期37卷 158-164页

作者： BEGHINI Alessandro mathias Neville SARKISIAN Mark 潘斌李盛勇程华群 Skidmore Owings&MerrillLLP旧金山94111 广州容柏生建筑结构设计事务所广东广州510170 华阳国际设计集团深圳公司广东深圳518038

介绍了基于数值有限元分析、图形静力学和Maxwell荷载路径等经典理论的结构优化工具,及其在深圳中信金融中心项目中的应用。结合使用了商用结构优化软件和自开发程序,以期得到深圳中信金融中心项目结构最佳几何形式。在结构优化过程中... 详细信息

介绍了基于数值有限元分析、图形静力学和Maxwell荷载路径等经典理论的结构优化工具,及其在深圳中信金融中心项目中的应用。结合使用了商用结构优化软件和自开发程序,以期得到深圳中信金融中心项目结构最佳几何形式。在结构优化过程中考虑结构性能标准,如整体刚度最大化、给定点变形最小化、目标周期、屈曲因子最大化、应力分布均匀等。最佳几何形式在最小化结构材料的前提下实现结构刚度最大化,整个优化过程是基于材料线弹性假定,为保证结构体系在地震作用下的延性,塔楼角部设置延性框架梁耗能。优化后的斜交网格结构体系效率高,相比核心筒提供更大的抗侧力刚度,但也使得节点层楼板拉应力增大,并且优化使得体系冗余度下降,因此需要注重楼板拉应力控制和抗连续倒塌设计。

关键词：高层结构结构优化拓扑优化可持续性设计概念设计

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