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Novel Quantitative Approach for Predicting mRNA/Protein Counts in Living Cells

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第8期8卷 1128-1139页

作者： Henri C. Jimbo Seraphin I. Ngongo achille Mbassi Nicolas G. Andjiga Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Waseda University Tokyo Japan Department of Applied Mathematics University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne Paris France Department of Urology Central Medical Hospital CEMAC Region Yaounde Cameroon Department of Mathematics Higher National School (ENS) Yaounde Cameroon

One of the most complex questions in quantitative biology is how to manage noise sources and the subsequent consequences for cell functions. Noise in genetic networks is inevitable, as chemical reactions are probabilistic and often, genes, mRNAs and proteins are present in variable numbers per cell. Previous research has focused on counting these numbers using experimental methods such as complex fluorescent techniques or theoretical methods by characterizing the probability distribution of mRNAs and proteins numbers in cells. In this work, we propose a modeling based approach;we build a mathematical model that is used to predict the number of mRNAs and proteins over time, and develop a computational method to extract the noise-related information in such a biological system. Our approach contributes to answering the question of how the number of mRNA and proteins change in living cells over time and how these changes induce noise. Moreover, we calculate the entropy of the system;this turns out to be important information for prediction which could allow us to understand how noise information is generated and expanded.

关键词： Applied Mathematics Embedded Control System Genetic Algorithm Optimization Biodynamics Stochastic Modelling Simulations Stochasticity Bioengineering and Medicine

Breast Asymmetry Evaluation Using Objective Measures after Breast Cancer Surgery

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2021年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Jaejong Park Fariha M. Haque achille Louodom Chedjou Michael J. Miller Alok Sutradhar Department of Mechanical Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center Gilbert AZ USA

Although a positive cosmetic outcome is an important goal of breast cancer reconstruction, the objective analysis of breast aesthetics has yet to reach a gold standard or unified method to quantify breast symmetry. Several scoring systems, both subjective and objective, have been developed over the years to ensure the desirable outcome in breast symmetry, but these methods have yet to reach the unanimous acceptance in terms of accuracy, value and ease of use to be implemented in the clinical setting. By assessing several existing symmetry scores, most of which are based on 2D imaging, along with our own set of symmetry parameters applied to 3D patient images, the goal of this study is to determine if there is an advantage of 3D imaging in formulating an accurate objective breast aesthetic score over the existing objective scores. A reliable breast aesthetic score would improve the decision-making in surgery as well as improve patient satisfaction. Additionally, knowing the quantity and degree of breast asymmetry objectively will improve outcome and reduce revision rates, minimizing patient suffering and improving the overall quality of patient life and body image.

关键词： Asymmetry Breast Surgery Outcome Research Surface Imaging 3D Scan

Surgical Management of Adrenal Tumors: Experience of Three Tertiary Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第11期13卷 495-516页

作者： Junior Barthelemy Mekeme Mekeme Etoa Ndzie Agbor Orock Tanyi Jean Cedrick Fouda achille Aurele Mbassi Philip Owon Abessolo Bright Che Awondo Marcel Junior Yon Mekeme Pierre Ongolo Zogo Pierre Joseph Fouda Eugene Sobngwi Zachary Sando Angwafo III Fru Department of Surgery and Subspecialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Urology and Andrology Department Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Endocrinology Department Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Radiology Department Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroun Anatomy Cytopathology Department Yaounde Gynecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Surgical management of adrenal tumors has greatly improved over the past years, with laparoscopic adrenalectomy being the gold standard. However, Open adrenalectomy is indicated in large adrenal tumors, malignant tumors and large phaeochromocytomas. We report surgical outcomes of 18 cases of functional adrenal tumors from 2007 to 2022. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study in three tertiary hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon. We reviewed files of patients who underwent adrenalectomy over a period of 15 years from July 2007 to July 2022. Clinical and diagnostic components of adrenal tumors, indications and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 18 patients were included in our study. The average age of patients was 38.33 years, with a female-to-male sex ratio of 2:1. Weight gain (72.2%) was the most represented clinical sign. The secretory nature of tumor and malignancy represented 55.5% and 33.3% of the operative indications and all 18 (100%) of the patients had open adrenalectomy. Vascular injury was the most common intraoperative complication with 5.63%, while acute adrenal insufficiency (16.7%) was the most common post-operative complication. The average tumor size was 6.22 cm and the mean duration of hospitalization was 11.61 days. Adenoma 7 (38.9%) and adrenocortical carcinoma 5 (27.8%) were the frequent histological types. One patient died two months post-surgery from anemia-related complications. Conclusion: The success of adrenal surgery is linked to multidisciplinary patient care and the experience of the surgeon. Conventional surgery still has indications with satisfactory short- and medium-term results in our context.

关键词： Adrenal Tumors Surgical Management Outcome Yaounde

Influence of Spatial Distribution on the Regeneration of Piptadeniastrum africanumand Ocotea usambaernsisin Kalikuku, Lubero, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第7期11卷 527-539页

作者： Lutumba Suika achille Kebin Zhang Kambale Muhesi Eloge Christian Jonathan Anona Kouassi Mbangilwa Mukombe Michel College of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Institut Supérieur d’Etudes Agronomiques Vétérinaires et Forestières de Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management Ministry of Education School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin China

The aim of our study is to highlight the spatial structure of the trees and to determine its influence on the natural regeneration of the Kalikuku dense forest, with a view of its optimal conservation and enhancement. Data collection was done by measuring diameter at breast height along 10 plots of 0.5 ha in size. In analyzing these data, the Dajoz test was used to determine the horizontal spatial distribution pattern of the two most abundant tree species in the forest (Piptadeniastrum africanum and Ocotea usambarensis). The χ2 test was used to compare the frequency distribution of diameter classes for the two species tested. To estimate the difference between the number of seedlings in aggregate versus non-aggregate areas, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. In addition, the equability index was used to test the preponderance of proportions between diameter classes. Finally, the natural regeneration index was evaluated.

关键词： Spatial Distribution Natural Regeneration Seedlings Diameter Class

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of General Practitioners on Circumcision and Its Complications in the District Hospitals of the Center Region

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Open Journal of Urology 2021年第12期11卷 509-517页

作者： Binyom Pierre René achille Mbassi Cyprien Zaré Gueswendé Larba. Hermann Belemlilga Nassirou Yabré Namory Keita Higher Institute of Medical Technology (ISTM) Yaoundé Cameroon Department of General and Visceral Surgery Sour&#244 Sanou University Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: The complication rate of circumcision in medical settings is between 0.4% and 2.0%. Circumcision accidents constituted 2.0% of urological emergencies at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Aim: To assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of general practitioners on circumcision and its complications in Central Region District Hospitals. Population and Methods: We conducted a multicenter descriptive cross-sectional study the CAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices) type. Which took place from March 9 to June 30, 2021 (16 weeks). We included 138 physicians. The variables collected were: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about circumcision and its complications, attitudes towards circumcision and its complications, practices towards circumcision and its complications. Results: In our study, the median age of the study population was 29 years, the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.8. The median ideal age to perform circumcision was 12 months. In our study, 94.9% of general practitioners clearly identified bleeding disorders as a contraindication for circumcision. The material needed to be used to perform a circumcision was ignored by 81.2% of general practitioners. The global knowledge assessment showed that 68.9% of participants had unsatisfactory knowledge about circumcision and its complications. Before circumcision, 91.3% general practitioners first recommended effective disinfection of the operating field, and 83.3% used sterile equipment. Faced with a hemorrhage, 61.6% of general practitioners proposed surgical exploration in the face of rebellious bleeding. 60.2% of general practitioners had bad attitudes towards circumcision and its complications. In our study, 49.2% of the general practitioners questioned did not know the normal procedure for performing a circumcision. Forty-one (29.7%) general practitioners had never performed a circumcision. The median occurrence of a compl

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Circumcision Posthectomy

Factors Associated with Maternal Mortality at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department in Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第8期11卷 1026-1036页

作者： Salifou Badariatou Atadé Sèdjro Raoul Sidi Imorou Rachidi Obossou achille Awede Sounouvi Ernest Salifou Kabibou Mother and Child Department Faculty of Medicine (FM) University of Parakou (UP) Parakou Benin

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a robust indicator of human development. Most of it occurs in developing countries. Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors associated with maternal mortality in Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Borgou Departmental University Hospital Center (CHUD-B). Study method: Our study took place at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department in Borgou Departmental University Hospital Center. This was a descriptive and analytical case-control study, covering a period of 7 years from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. Results: Two hundred and twelve patients have been recruited consisting of 106 deceased women and 106 controls. The intra-hospital mortality ratio was 1100 deaths per 100,000 live births (LB). The mean age of deceased women was 27.06 ±

关键词： Maternal Mortality Ratio Direct Obstetric Causes Indirect Obstetric Causes Factors Associated

Building a global schistosomiasis alliance:an opportunity to join forces to fight inequality and rural poverty

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 558-563页

作者： Lorenzo Savioli Marco Albonico Daniel G.Colley Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira Alan Fenwick Will Green Narcis Kabatereine achille Kabore Naftale Katz Katharina Klohe Philip TLoVerde David Rollinson JRussell Stothard Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuente Johannes Waltz Xiao-Nong Zhou Global Schistosomiasis Alliance GenevaSwitzerland Center for Tropical Diseases Sacro Cuore Hospital-WHO Collaborating Centre on strongyloidiasis and other intestinal parasitic infectionsNegrarVeronaItaly Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation The University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Centro de Pesquisas ReneRachou-Fiocruz Belo HorizonteBrazil and Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology SCIImperial CollegeLondonUK Trinity College Cambridge CambridgeUK Imperial College London LondonUK RTI International WashingtonDCUSA Research Center Rene Rachou-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Belo HorizonteBrazil Global Schistosomiasis Alliance MunichGermany University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioTXUSA Life Sciences Department The Natural History MuseumLondonUK Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool L35QAUK Centre for Schistosomiasis&Parasitology YaoundeCameroon Global Schistosomiasis Alliance LondonUK National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShanghaiChina

Schistosomiasis,one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases listed by the World Health Organization,presents a substantial public health and economic *** the 261 million people requiring preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in 2013,92%of them lived in sub-Saharan Africa and only 12.7%received preventive ***,in 2010,the WHO reported that schistosomiasis mortality could be as high as 280000 per year in Africa *** May 2012 delegates to the sixty-fifth World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA65.21 that called for the elimination of schistosomiasis,and foresees the regular treatment of at least 75%of school age children in at-risk *** resolution urged member states to intensify schistosomiasis control programmes and to initiate elimination campaigns where *** this,in June 2015,schistosomiasis was indicated to have the lowest level of preventive chemotherapy implementation in the spectrum of neglected tropical *** was also highlighted as the disease most lacking in *** is perhaps unsurprising,given that it was also the only NTD with access to drug donations but without a coalition of stakeholders that collaborates to boost commitment and *** a consequence,and to ensure that the WHO NTDs Roadmap Targets of 2012 and World Health Assembly Resolution WHA65.21 are met,the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance(GSA)has been set *** and representative,the GSA aims to be a partnership of endemic countries,academic and research institutions,international development agencies and foundations,international organizations,non-governmental development organizations,private sector companies and advocacy and resource mobilisation ***,the GSA calls for a partnership to work for the benefit of endemic countries by addressing health inequity and rural poverty.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Schistosomiasis Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Elimination

Epidemiological, Clinical, Biological, Therapeutic Features and Outcome of Congenital Malaria at the Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital (CHUD-B) in Benin in 2015

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期7卷 263-271页

作者： Godonou Gratien Sagbo Alphonse Noudamadjo Joseph Agossou Julien Didier Adedemy Awade achille Obossou Djewessi Saturnin Lokossou Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Background: The prevalence of congenital malaria is getting more and more significant in Sub-Saharan Africa where is a malaria-endemic area. This study aimed to identify the clinical and therapeutic features as well as the outcome of congenital malaria in CHUD-B in 2015. Method: It was a cohort and descriptive study with analytical purpose, carried out in the Mother and Child Department which includes the Gynecology & Obstetrics and Pediatric Unit of CHUD-B. The study target population consisted of all the infants born in the CHUD-B as well as their mothers. The main variable was the presence of congenital malaria. The independent variables were those related to clinical, therapeutic features and outcome. Results: In the study, among the 300 newborns registered, 57 carried congenital malaria i.e. a prevalence of 19%. 171 (57.0%) of them were males versus 129 (43.0%) females. Among the 281 mothers involved, 48 presented with malaria in pregnancy i.e. a prevalence of 17.0%. At the end of this research work, the factors associated with congenital malaria were fever in the 3rd quarter and malaria in pregnancy in the mother. Conclusion: Nearly one out of five infants born in the CHUD-B was carrier of congenital malaria and approximately one out six mothers presented with malaria detection during pregnancy. A method based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) should be implemented during the diagnosis in order to confirm malaria cases among both newborns and mothers.

关键词： Congenital Malaria Outcome Benin

Improvement of Cashew Apple Juice (Anacardium occidentaleL.) by Association with Passion Fruit Juice (Passiflora edulis)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第7期12卷 787-804页

作者： Marc Adou Yao Désiré Adjouman Kouadio Olivier Kouadio achille Fabrice Tetchi N’Guessan Georges Amani UFR des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cô te d’Ivoire (CSRS-CI) Abidjan CCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en C&ocirc te d’Ivoire (CSRS-CI) Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoirete d’Ivoire

Despite many advantages, the many technologies studied to eliminate astringency from cashew apple juice are not all accessible and not adopted by processors due to the lack of financial means to access these sophisticated technologies. Thus, the formulation of mixed juice based on cashew apple juice and passion fruit juice has proved to be a way of adding value to the cashew apple, a co-product of the production of the nut. After the formulation of the mixed juice in different proportions and the sensory evaluation, it appears that the juice of formulation E is more appreciated by the tasters. Indeed, this juice has preferred sensory characteristics in terms of color (6.90), flavor (5.47), odor (6.42), settling (6.28) and overall acceptance (6.53). These characteristics are similar to those of passion fruit juice in terms of color, odor, and overall acceptance, where the latter obtained scores of 6.94, 7.17 and 6.00 respectively;and also, to those of cashew apple juice in terms of flavor and decanting, where the latter obtained scores of 5.19 and 6.14 respectively. Therefore, the addition of passion fruit juice to cashew apple juice results in a new product that is more appreciated when mixed with proportions of 90 mL of passion fruit juice and 10 mL of cashew apple juice. For example, passion fruit juice, due to its color, flavor, and odor, has helped reduce the pronounced astringency of raw cashew apple juice. Ultimately, formulation E is recommended to improve the organoleptic value of cashew apple juice.

关键词： Cashew Nut Cashew Apple Juice Passion Fruit Juice Sensory Analysis