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The mechanism of sperm-egg interaction and the involvement of IZUMO1 in fusion

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 81-87页

作者： Naokazu Inoue Masahito Ikawa masaru okabe Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University Yamadaoka 3-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan

An average human ejaculate contains over 100 million sperm, but only a few succeed in accomplishing the journey to an egg by migration through the female reproductive tract. Among these few sperm, only one participates in fertilization. There might be an ingenious molecular mechanism to ensure that the very best sperm fertilize an egg. However, recent gene disruption experiments in mice have revealed that many factors previously described as important for fertilization are largely dispensable. One could argue that the fertilization mechanism is made robust against gene disruptions. However, this is not likely, as there are already six different gene-disrupted mouse lines （Calmegin, Adam Ia, Adam2, Adam3, Ace and Pgapl）, all of which result in male sterility. The sperm from these animals are known to have defective zona-binding ability and at the same time lose oviduct-migrating ability. Concerning spermzona binding, the widely accepted involvement of sugar moiety on zona pellucida 3 （ZP3） is indicated to be dispensable by gene disruption experiments. Thus, the landscape of the mechanism of fertilization is revolving considerably. In the sperm-egg fusion process, CD9 on egg and IZUMO1 on sperm have emerged as essential factors. This review focuses on the mechanism of fertilization elucidated by gene-manipulated animals.

关键词： egg fusion gene-manipulation interaction IZUMO1 sperm zona pellucida

Role and limitations of rehabilitation-induced neural network remodeling after stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2087-2088页

作者： Naohiko okabe Osamu Miyamoto Second Department of Physiology Kawasaki Medical School

There is plenty of evidence that proves the beneficial and reliable effects of rehabilitation therapy,making it the most common treatment for patients with chronic *** is believed that rehabilitation improves functional recovery through neural network remodeling,which is observed as a motor map reorganization or functional connectivity change assessed by intracortical microstimulation or functional magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）.

关键词： Role and limitations of rehabilitation-induced neural network remodeling after stroke

A novel cylindrical sandwich plate inspired by beetle elytra and its compressive properties

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 3465-3476页

作者： SONG YiHeng RUAN SiHan HAO Ning okabe YoJi School of Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan School of Civil Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001Australia Institute of Industrial Science The University of TokyoTokyo 153-8505Japan

The design and experimental analysis of a semi-cylindrical structure known as the cylindrical beetle elytron plate(CBEP)were *** compression tests and finite element simulation were performed on CBEPs under 30°and 45°inclined sliding support constraints,with a comparison made to cylindrical honeycomb plate(CHP).The study aims to investigate the superior compression performance and enhancement mechanisms of *** results demonstrate that CBEPs exhibit a 14%–26%increase in specific load-bearing capacity and a 20%increase in specific energy absorption compared with CHPs with equal core wall ***“Z-shaped”tearing failures were observed,with honeycomb plates showing tearing at the center of the honeycomb walls,while beetle elytron plates exhibited tearing along the midline of the *** different stress patterns,including elastic-plastic development stage of arch,plastic hinge node stage,and rigid node stage,were identified and analyzed to explain the mechanical performance improvements and failure *** that structural damage to trabeculae mostly occurs at its junction with the skin,it is recommended to add chamfers to the junctions of ***,this paper lays the groundwork for the engineering application of CBEP.

关键词： beetle elytron cylindrical beetle elytron plate compression performance failure characteristics enhancement mechanism

Performance and Flow Condition of Small-Sized Axial Fan and Adoption of Contra-Rotating Rotors

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第1期19卷 1-6页

作者： T.Shigemitsu J.Fukutomi Y.okabe Institute of Technology and Science The University of Tokushima2-1 Minamijyosanjima-choTokushima 770-8506JAPAN Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science The University of Tokushima2-1 Minamijyosanjima-choTokushima 770-8506JAPAN

Small-sized axial fans are used as air coolers for electric *** there is a strong demand for higher power of fans according to the increase of quantity of heat from electric ***,higher rotational speed design is conducted,although it causes the deterioration of the efficiency and the increase of *** the adoption of contra-rotating rotors for the small-sized axial fan is proposed for the improvement of the *** the present paper,the performance and the internal flow condition of the small-sized axial fan are shown as a first step of the research for the contra-rotating small-sized axial fan and the important points to apply contra-rotating rotors to the small-sized axial fan are ***,the numerical flow analysis is conducted to investigate the performance of the contra-rotating small-sized axial fan and internal flow conditions and pressure distributions are clarified and the effect of contra-rotating rotors is considered.

关键词： Small-sized axial fan Contra-rotating rotors Numerical analysis Performance Internal flow

Beetle elytron plate and the synergistic mechanism of a trabecular-honeycomb core structure

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第1期62卷 87-93页

作者： CHEN JinXiang ZHANG XiaoMing okabe Yoji XIE Juan XU MengYe School of Civil Engineering Southeast University Department of Mechanical and Biofunctional Systems Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo

For the development of lightweight biomimetic materials, the compressive properties of the beetle elytron plate(BEP, a type of biomimetic sandwich plate inspired from beetle elytra) and the underlying mechanism thereof were investigated. With the following results:(1) The shared mechanism of trabeculae was revealed by using structural analysis. It is further predicted that a BEP with hollow trabeculae should possess enhanced compressive properties.(2) When the trabecular number(N) in a hexagonal unit of the honeycomb is less than three, the compressive strength of the BEP is rapidly increased with the increment of N. When N is over four, the deformation capacity is significantly improved because of the arising of S-type buckling deformation in the core structure of the BEP. Furthermore, the definition of the BEP is proposed combined with the biological structure of the beetle elytra.(3) When N=6 and the external diameter of trabeculae is equal to the length of honeycomb walls, the synergistic mechanism between the trabeculae and the honeycomb walls in BEPs is fully exerted. Namely, the trabecula restricts the deformation of the honeycomb walls; in turn, the honeycomb walls provide lateral support for the trabecula. This mechanism leads the core in the BEP to generate an S-type global buckling deformation producing the best compressive properties. The results will greatly impact the biomimetic field of beetle elytra and many industries in which honeycomb structure also serves as a key component.

关键词： beetle elytra beetle elytron plate sandwich structure biomimetic material compressive property

On the Pressure Drop and the Velocity Distribution in the Cylindrical Vortex Chamber with Two Inlet Pipes for the Control of Vortex Flow

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第2期14卷 162-171页

作者： Akira OGAWA Tutomu OONO Hayato okabe Noriaki AKIBA Taketo OOYAGI 110-0011 Minowa-2-14-7 Taitou-kuTokyoJapanStudents of Nihon University until March of 2005 College of EngineeringDepartment Mechanical EngineeringStudents of Nihon University until March of 2005 College of EngineeringDepartment Mechanical EngineeringStudents of Nihon University until March of 2005 College of EngineeringDepartment Mechanical EngineeringStudents of Nihon University until March of 2005 College of EngineeringDepartment Mechanical Engineering

Vortex flow is applied to a cyclone dust collector, a vortex combustion chamber, and a vortex diode for vortex control. In order to apply the vortex flow to the industries, it is necessary to keep the stable flow condition and to estimate the response time of the transient flow process and also the intensity of the vortex flow. For control vortex flow, two types of vortex chamber with two inlet pipes were designed. One of them is to promote the vortex flow named as Co-Rotating Flow System and another one is to hinder the vortex flow named as Counter-Rotating Flow System. The pressure drops and the velocity distributions were measured for these vortex chambers. The estimation of the tangential velocity by the application of the angular momentum flux is compared with the measured velocity by a cylindrical Pitot-tube. The characteristics of the total pressure drop could be explained by introducing the circulation.

关键词： vortex chamber tangential velocity total and local pressure drops angular momentum flux circulation.

Hydrogen Adsorption by Woodceramics Produced from Biomass

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2012年第3期17卷 330-333页

作者： TAKASAKI Akito IIJIMA Suguru YAMANE Tomoka okabe Toshio Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Shibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo 135-8548Japan Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center Aomori 030-0142Japan

Hydrogen adsorption characteristics of woodceramics,made from radiata pine wood fiber boards carbonized at 1 473 K after impregnation with phenolic resin,with and without chemical treatment in an alkaline(KOH) or an acid(H 2 SO 4) solution were investigated The hydrogen adsorption capacity is improved by chemical *** chemical treatment by KOH improves the adsorption capacity more than by H 2 SO *** improvement of the capacity level,in any solution,is dependent on the type of chemical in the solution and its *** maximum hydrogen capacity measured at 93 K is mass fraction about w(H) = 2% for the woodceramics after chemical treatment in a volume fraction = 50% KOH solution,although that is about w(H) = 0.7% for one without chemical *** microscopic condition of pores in the woodceramics is thought to vary after chemical treatment.

关键词： woodceramics biomass hydrogen adsorption chemical treatment isotherm

The optimized interface engineering of VS_2 as cathodes for high performance all-solid-state lithium-ion battery

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1859-1866页

作者： WANG JianBiao okabe Jugo KOMINE Yuki NOTOHARA Hiroo URITA Koki MORIGUCHI Isamu WEI MingDeng Fujian Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki 852-8521Japan Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Innovis 138634Singapore

Vanadium sulfide was first employed as a cathode for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and demonstrated superior compatibility with the solid electrolyte, in which the interface between the electrode and solid electrolyte has been optimized. Consequently, it can exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in the voltage range of 1.5–3.5 V. Moreover, the ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal the incomplete conversion mechanism to account for the superior electrochemical performance. Specifically, the electrode of VS_(2) exhibits a large capacity of 268.1 mA h g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1)(rate performance). At a current density of 100 mA g^(-1), a large reversible capacity of 215 mA h g^(-1) can be maintained after 100 cycles,indicating extraordinary cycling stability, making it a promising electrode for high energy density all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： VS_2 cathode interface all-solid-state battery electrochemical properties

Unsteady Flow Condition of Contra-Rotating Small-Sized Axial Fan

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第6期20卷 495-502页

作者： T.Shigemitsu J.Fukutomi Y.okabe K.Iuchi H.Shimizu Institute of Technology and Science The University of Tokushima2-1 Minamijyosanjima-choTokushima 770-8506JAPAN Associate ProfessorDr.Eng. Institute of Technology and Science The University of Tokushima2-1 Minamijyosanjima-choTokushima 770-8506JAPAN Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science The University of Tokushima2-1 Minamijyosanjima-choTokushima 770-8506JAPAN

Small-sized axial fans are used as air cooler for electric *** there is a strong demand for higher power of fans according to the increase of quantity of heat from electric ***,higher rotational speed design is conducted,although,it causes the deterioration of efficiency and the increase of ***,the adoption of contra-rotating rotors for the small-sized axial fan is proposed for the improvement of *** the case of contra-rotating rotors,it is necessary to design the rotor considering the unsteady flow condition of each front and rear *** the present paper,the fan performance of the contra-rotating small-sized axial fan with 100mm diameter at a designed and a partial flow rates is shown,and the unsteady flow conditions at the inlet and the outlet of each front and rear rotor are clarified with unsteady numerical ***,the relation between the performance and the unsteady flow condition of the contra-rotating small-sized axial fan is discussed and the methods to improve the performance are considered.

关键词： Small-sized axial fan Contra-rotating rotor Performance Unsteady flow condition