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Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Chemosymbiotic Solemyidae and Thyasiridae

Open Journal of Marine Science 2017年第1期7卷 124-141页

作者： Youki Fukasawa Hiroto Matsumoto Saori Beppu Yoshihiro Fujiwara masaru kawato Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Graduate School of Medical and Engineering Science Department of Education University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Department of Marine Biodiversity Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

In order to invade and adapt to deep-sea environments, shallow-water organisms have to acquire tolerance to high hydrostatic pressure, low water temperature, toxic methane and hydrogen sulfide, and feeding strategies not relying on photosynthetic products. Our previous study showed that the “evolutionary stepping stone hypothe-sis”, which assumes that organic falls can act as stepping-stones to connect shallow sea with deep sea, was supported in Mytilidae. However, it is not known whether other bivalves constituting chemosynthetic communities experienced the same evolutionary process or different processes from mytilid mussels. Therefore, here, we performed phylogenetic analyses by sequencing the nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes of solemyid and thyasirid bivalves. In Solemyidae, the two genera Solemya and Acharax formed each clade, the latter of which was divided into three subgroups. The Solemya clade and one of the Acharax subgroups diverged in the order of shallow-sea residents, whale-bone residents, and deep-sea vent/seep residents, which supported the “evolutionary stepping stone hypothesis”. Furthermore, in Thyasiridae, the two genera Thyasira and Maorithyas formed a paraphyletic group and the other genera, Adontorhina, Axinopsis, Axinulus, Leptaxinus, and Mendicula, formed a clade. The “evolu-tionary stepping stone hypothesis” was not seemingly supported in the other lineages of Solemyidae and Thyasiridae.

关键词： Whale Bone Deep Sea Nuclear DNA Mitochondrial DNA Stepping Stone Hypothesis

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Dispersal Ability and Genetic Structure in Mytilid Mussels of Whale-Fall Communities

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第3期5卷 295-305页

作者： Youki Fukasawa Haruna Kobayashi-Iwatani masaru kawato Hideki Kobayashi Yoshihiro Fujiwara Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Graduate School of Medical and Engineering Science Department of Education University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Department of Marine Biodiversity Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

Since organic falls are ephemeral and distributed sporadically, organisms in organic-fall communities must acquire high dispersal ability to migrate from one organic fall to another. However, the dispersal ability of obligate organic-fall organisms has not been investigated thoroughly and the stability of the genetic structure of their communities is unknown. In this study, in order to elucidate the dispersal ability and genetic structure in the organic-fall communities, we carried out population genetic analyses based on sequences of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 in two mytilid mussels.?Adipicola pacifica was obtained from whale and cow bones artificially settled in Japanese waters off Cape Noma (CN) and in the Nansei-Shoto Trench (NS) and Sagami Bay (SB), and Benthomodiolus geikotsucola from natural whale bones in the Torishima Seamount (TS);both species are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Genetic differentiation (Fst) indicated almost no annual change in genetic structure between 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007 collections of A. pacificafrom CN (depth 225 - 229 m), although the 2010 collection had somewhat different genetic structure from the others. Similarly, there was not significant genetic differentiation between 1993 and 2005 collections of *** from TS (depth 4020 m). The Fst and gene bidirectional mean rate of gene flow (Nm) indicated high gene flow and no significant genetic differentiation between A. pacifica specimens collected from CN, NS, and SB. The results suggest that the genetic structure is stable and A. pacifica has high dispersal ability. The mismatch distribution suggests that A. pacificaexpanded their distribution from SB to NS via CN, as expansion time (τ = 2ut) decreased from SB to CN and NS.

关键词： Chemosynthesis-Based Community Mitochondrial DNA Organic Falls Stepping Stone Hypothesis

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Dispersal Ability and Environmental Adaptability of Deep-Sea Mussels Bathymodiolus(Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第1期3卷 31-39页

作者： Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Saori Beppu Satoshi Kajio Aya Dobashi masaru kawato Yoshihiro Fujiwara Hisako Hirayama Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Institute of Biogeosciences Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

Dispersal ability and environmental adaptability are profoundly associated with colonization and habitat segregation of deep-sea animals in chemosynthesis-based communities, because deep-sea seeps and vents are patchily distributed and ephemeral. Since these environments are seemingly highly different, it is likely that vent and seep populations must be genetically differentiated by adapting to their respective environments. In order to elucidate dispersal ability and environmental adaptability of deep-sea mussels, we determined mitochondrial ND4 sequences of Bathymodiolus platifrons and B. japonicus obtained from seeps in the SagamiBayand vents in the Okinawa Trough. Among more than 20 species of deep-sea mussels, only three species in the Japanese waters including the above species can inhabit both vents and seeps. We examined phylogenetic relationships, genetic divergences (Fst), gene flow (Nm), and genetic population structures to compare the seep and vent populations. Our results showed no genetic differentiation and extensive gene flow between the seep and vent populations, indicating high dispersal ability of the two species, which favors colonization in patchy and ephemeral habitats. Our results also indicate that the environmental type (vent or seep) is not the primary factor responsible for habitat segregation in the two species.

关键词： Chemosynthesis-Based Community Vent Seep Mitochondrial DNA Stepping Stone

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CONNECTING BRAINS AND ROBOTS BY COMPUTATIONAL THEORIES

CONNECTING BRAINS AND ROBOTS BY COMPUTATIONAL THEORIES

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2005 International Conference on Neural Networks and Brain(ICNN&B’05)

作者： Mitsuo kawato ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories

＜正＞In ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories,a series of computational,imaging, neurophysiological and robotics studies explored several key concepts such as cerebellar internal models,multiple internal models,MOSAIC,imitation learning,biologically motivated robot biped locomotion,modular and hierarchical reinforcement learning *** efforts in ATR CNS labs including computational-model based imaging,hierarchical variational Bayesian method in fMRI-MEG combination,non-invasive decoding of neural representations,and robotics experiments could be the bases of the new methodology in *** you have a computational theory,which postulates that some brain networks solve some computational problems and a specific brain locus contains a specific computational *** extract this information either by some non-invasive method or unit recording,and manipulate this by altered computational algorithms derived from the *** altered or processed information is fed back into a robot and then to the brain by appropriate methods（*** or tactile feedbacks,TMS,electrical stimulation）.I explain bases of this new approach.

关键词： Joining processes Robots Biology computing Biological system modeling Computer networks Laboratories Legged locomotion Learning Bayesian methods Decoding

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Intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide induces a transient increase in gingival tumour necrosis factor-a, but not interleukin-6,in anaesthetised rats

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第3期7卷 155-160页

作者： Hiroko Taguchi Yuri Aono Takayuki kawato Masatake Asano Noriyoshi Shimizu Tadashi Saigusa Department of Orthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry Department of Pharmacology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Department of Pharmacology Nihon University School of Dentistry Department of Oral Health Sciences Nihon University School of Dentistry Department of Pathology Nihon University School of Dentistry

This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis（Pg-LPS） on gingival tumour necrosis factor（TNF）-a and interleukin（IL）-6 levels in rats. A microdialysis probe with an injection needle attached to the surface of the dialysis membrane was implanted into the gingiva of the upper incisor. For comparison, the effects of LPS derived from Escherichia coli（Ec-LPS） on IL-6 and TNF-a levels were also analysed. Pg-LPS（1 mg/1 m L） or Ec-LPS（1 or 6 mg/1 m L） was applied by microsyringe, with gingival dialysates collected every hour. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） revealed that gingival dialysates contained approximately 389 pg？m L21 of IL-6 basally; basal TNF-a levels were lower than the detection limit of the ELISA. Pg-LPS failed to alter IL-6 levels but markedly increased TNF-a levels, which remained elevated for 2 h after treatment. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-a were affected by Ec-LPS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis revealed that the gingiva expresses Toll-like receptor（TLR） 2 and TLR4 m RNA. Immunohistochemical examination showed that TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed by gingival epithelial cells. The present study provides in vivo evidence that locally applied Pg-LPS, but not Ec-LPS, into the gingiva transiently increases gingival TNF-a without affecting IL-6. The present results suggest that TLR2 but not TLR4 expressed on gingival epithelial cells may mediate the Pg-LPS-induced increase in gingival TNF-a in rats.

关键词： Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide gingiva tumour necrosis factor-a microdialysis

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Nicotine Treatment Induces Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Osteoblastic Saos-2 Cells

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第12期38卷 874-882页

作者： Tomoko KATONO Takayuki kawato Natsuko TANABE Naoto SUZUKI Kazuhiro YAMANAKA Hitoshi OKA Masafumi MOTOHASHI Masao MAENO Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-kuTokyo 101-8310Japan Department of Oral Health Sciences Nihon UniversitySchool of DentistryTokyo 101-8310Japan Japan Department of Biochemistry Nihon University School of Dentistry.Tokyo 101-8310Japan

Tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for the development of severe ***,we showed that nicotine affected mineralized nodule formation,and that nicotine andlipopolysaccharide stimulated the formation of osteoclast-like cells by increasing production of macrophagecolony-stimulating factor （M-CSF） and prostaglandin E2（PGE2） by human osteoblastic Saos-2 *** thepresent study,we examined the effects of nicotine on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs）,tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases （TIMPs）,the plasminogen activation system including thecomponent of tissue-type plasminogen activator （tPA）,urokinase-type PA （uPA）,and PA inhibitor type 1（PAI-1）,α7 nicotine receptor,and *** also examined the effect of the nicotine antagonist D-tubocurarineon nicotine-induced expression of *** expression was examined using real-time polymerase chainreaction （PCR） to estimate mRNA *** addition,expression of the MMP,TIMP,uPA,tPA,and PAI-1proteins was determined by Western blotting *** treatment caused expression of MMP-1,2,3,and 13,but not MMP-14,to increase significantly after 5 or 10 d of culture;MMP-14 expression did notchange through day *** of MMP-1 expression by nicotine treatment was eliminated bysimultaneous treatment with *** the presence of nicotine,expression of uPA,PAI-1,orTIMP-1,2,3,or 4 did not change over 14 d of culture,whereas expression of tPA increased significantly byday *** also increased expression of the α7 nicotine receptor and c-fos *** results suggestthat nicotine stimulates bone matrix turnover by increasing production of tPA and MMP-1,2,3,and 13,thereby tipping the balance between bone matrix formation and resorption toward the latter process.

关键词： nicotine matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase plasminogen activation system

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Study on Properties of Mortar and Concrete Using Belite-Gehlenite Clinker as Fine Aggregate

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2017年第2期7卷 89-96页

作者： Hiromi Fujiwara Takaya kawato Masanori Maruoka Masatoshi Nemoto Kensuke Hayashi Design and Engineering for the Global Environment Graduate School of Utsunomiya University Tochigi 321-0904 Japan Taiheiyo Cement Corporation Central Research Laboratory 2-4-2 Osaku Sakura City Chiba Prefecture 285-8655 Japan

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The binding site for acute corticosterone effects on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca2+signals in mouse hippocampal slices

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2011年第4期2卷 430-433页

作者： Hiromi Osanai Akiyoshi Suzuki Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki Hideo Mukai Suguru kawato Minoru Saito 不详

We have examined acute effects of corticosterone (CORT) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals in adult mouse hippocampal slices. We found so far that the 30 min preincubation of CORT induced a signifcant decrease of the peak amplitude of NMDA-induced Ca2+ elevation in the CA1 region. The membrane non-permeable bovine serum albumin-conjugated CORT also induced a similar effect in the CA1 region. Therefore the acute CORT effects should be induced via putative surface CORT receptors. A possible candidate is a classical intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR). To confirm this speculation, we here examined the effects of dexamethasone (DEX: an agonist of GR) and CORT with RU38486 (an antagonist of GR) on NMDA-induced Ca2+ signals. As a result, DEX induced a similar effect to the suppressive CORT effect in the CA1 region, and RU38486 inhibited the suppressive CORT effect. These results indicate that the surface CORT receptor should be GR bound to plasma mem- brane.

关键词： Corticosterone Ca2+ Signal NMDA Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor Hippocampus

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